ObjectiveTo detect the proportion of splenic follicular helper T （Tfh） cells and their functionally related cytokine expression levels in the incomplete embryo implantation disorder （EID） model mice， and to explore the immunological mechanism of Tfh in infertility caused by embryo implantation disorder. MethodsSixteen female Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups， with eight mice in each group. On day 4 of pregnancy， an incomplete EID mouse model was established by oral gavage of mifepristone suspension， while an equal volume of saline was administered to the control group. On day 8 of pregnancy， the mice were euthanized. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of Tfh cells in the spleen lymphocytes of both incomplete EID mice and normal control mice. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 6 （Bcl-6） and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 protein （CXCR5） in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Western blot was employed to assess the protein expression levels of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Serum levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， IL-6， and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to observe the expression levels of progesterone receptor （PR）， Bcl-6， and CXCR5 proteins in the uterine endometrial tissue of mice in both groups. ResultsIncomplete-type EID mice had a reduced number of embryo implantation points and reduced endometrial PR expression. Flow assay results showed that the proportion of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺Tfh cells in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete-type EID mice was significantly higher than that of normal controls （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal control group， Bcl-6 and CXCR5 mRNA levels and protein levels were elevated in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete EID mice， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）； serum IL-4， IL-6， and IL-21 levels were elevated in incomplete EID mice， and Bcl-6 and CXCR5 proteins in the endometrium were significantly elevated （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe increase of Tfh cells and their associated cytokines Bcl-6 and CXCR5 is associated with the development of incomplete EID， and may be involved in the development of female immune infertility.

SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

BACKGROUND:Several observational studies have found a strong association between thyroid function and its related disorders and osteoporosis,but the causal relationship is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the causal relationship between genetically predicted thyroid function and its associated disorders,as well as osteoporosis,through the Mendelian randomization analysis with extensive pooled genetic data.METHODS:Pooled data from genome-wide association studies were employed to investigate the causal relationship between thyroid function and its associated disorders and osteoporosis.This was achieved through the utilization of the inverse variance weighting method as the primary Mendelian randomization analysis method,in conjunction with the MR-Egger method,weighted median method,simple model method,and weighted model method.A two-step mediated Mendelian randomization analysis was used to calculate the mediating effect of drug-mediated thyroid dysfunction on osteoporosis and the mediating proportion.Subsequently,sensitivity analyses were conducted using the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO to detect multiplicity,Cochran's Q test to detect heterogeneity,and leave-one-out to perform sensitivity analyses.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of the inverse variance weighting method showed that thyroid function had an effect on bone mineral density,and that thyrotropin,free triiodothyronine on bone mineral density,free thyroxine,and subclinical hyperthyroidism all had a causal effect on bone mineral density.(2)In addition,mediation analyses revealed a potential mediating effect of carbimazole in the causal relationship between hyperthyroidism and the risk of developing osteoporosis,as well as a potential mediating effect of levothyroxine sodium in the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of developing osteoporosis.(3)In conclusion,thyrotropin,which is high in the normal range,has been demonstrated to increase bone mineral density.Conversely,free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine,which are also high within the normal range,as well as subclinical hyperthyroidism,have been shown to decrease bone mineral density.The risk of developing osteoporosis is partially mediated by the pathway of taking the therapeutic medication in the context of pharmacologic treatment of thyroid dysfunction.(4)The present study primarily focuses on European population data.However,given the commonality of the genetic background and the generalizability of genome-wide data analysis methods,it is of significant importance to explore the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in the Chinese population,develop effective interventions,and provide genetic counseling.

BACKGROUND:Several observational studies have found a strong association between thyroid function and its related disorders and osteoporosis,but the causal relationship is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the causal relationship between genetically predicted thyroid function and its associated disorders,as well as osteoporosis,through the Mendelian randomization analysis with extensive pooled genetic data.METHODS:Pooled data from genome-wide association studies were employed to investigate the causal relationship between thyroid function and its associated disorders and osteoporosis.This was achieved through the utilization of the inverse variance weighting method as the primary Mendelian randomization analysis method,in conjunction with the MR-Egger method,weighted median method,simple model method,and weighted model method.A two-step mediated Mendelian randomization analysis was used to calculate the mediating effect of drug-mediated thyroid dysfunction on osteoporosis and the mediating proportion.Subsequently,sensitivity analyses were conducted using the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO to detect multiplicity,Cochran's Q test to detect heterogeneity,and leave-one-out to perform sensitivity analyses.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of the inverse variance weighting method showed that thyroid function had an effect on bone mineral density,and that thyrotropin,free triiodothyronine on bone mineral density,free thyroxine,and subclinical hyperthyroidism all had a causal effect on bone mineral density.(2)In addition,mediation analyses revealed a potential mediating effect of carbimazole in the causal relationship between hyperthyroidism and the risk of developing osteoporosis,as well as a potential mediating effect of levothyroxine sodium in the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of developing osteoporosis.(3)In conclusion,thyrotropin,which is high in the normal range,has been demonstrated to increase bone mineral density.Conversely,free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine,which are also high within the normal range,as well as subclinical hyperthyroidism,have been shown to decrease bone mineral density.The risk of developing osteoporosis is partially mediated by the pathway of taking the therapeutic medication in the context of pharmacologic treatment of thyroid dysfunction.(4)The present study primarily focuses on European population data.However,given the commonality of the genetic background and the generalizability of genome-wide data analysis methods,it is of significant importance to explore the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in the Chinese population,develop effective interventions,and provide genetic counseling.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of multi-slice spiral CT in early lung cancer and provide evidence for clinical differentiation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 86 patients with early-stage lung cancer admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and February 2025. All patients underwent MSCT examination. Using pathological examination as the gold standard, the consistency between MSCT and the gold standard was analyzed. CT sign differences among patients with different pathological types of lung cancer were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between CT signs and the degree of adenocarcinoma infiltration. Results MSCT examination showed positive findings in 75 cases of adenocarcinoma, with a sensitivity of 97.40%, a specificity of 88.89%, a positive predictive value of 98.68%, a negative predictive value of 80.00%, an accuracy of 96.51%, and a Kappa value of 0.823. Significant differences were found in the proportions of tumor maximum diameter > 2 cm, vacuole sign, ground-glass opacity sign, lobulation sign, spiculation sign, air bronchogram sign, pleural indentation sign, and vascular convergence sign (P<0.05), and these proportions increased progressively from carcinoma in situ to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma to invasive adenocarcinoma. Pearson correlation analysis showed that tumor maximum diameter, vacuole sign, ground-glass opacity sign, and pleural indentation sign were positively correlated with adenocarcinoma, while spiculation sign and vascular convergence sign were negatively correlated with adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion MSCT demonstrates high diagnostic efficiency for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and can provide a reference for early clinical evaluation.

Objective To explore the psychological experiences of operating room nurses participating in organ transplant surgeries, providing a basis for medical institutions to develop targeted psychological support programs. Methods Using a phenomenological research method, semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted from January to March 2026 with 17 operating room nurses who had participated in organ transplant surgeries at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai. Interviews were recorded, and observations were made. The interview data were analyzed, summarized, and themes were refined using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. Results The psychological experiences of operating room nurses participating in organ transplant surgeries were identified as 5 main themes and 14 sub-themes: emotional impact and empathy load (shock and grief confronting life and death, deep empathy for patients and families, awe and gratitude towards organ donors); pressure experience and physical-mental exhaustion (urgency under time pressure, load of operational precision requirements, excessive consumption of physical and mental resources); cognitive appraisal and meaning construction (reappraisal of professional value, deep reflection on the meaning of life, positioning and identification of one’s role); coping strategies and adjustment process (active learning and experiential reflection, self-emotional regulation and social support); growth experience and psychological transformation (enhancement of psychological resilience, establishment of professional confidence, deepening of professional mission). Conclusions Operating room nurses undergo complex and profound psychological experiences while participating in organ transplant surgeries, enduring strong emotional impact and physical-mental stress while also achieving psychological growth and deepening professional identity through practice. Nursing managers should pay attention to the mental health of this group and construct a multi-level support system to promote their physical and psychological well-being.

Osteoporosis （OP） is a metabolic disorder characterized by microstructural deterioration of bone and increased bone fragility due to reduced bone mass， which can cause the development of bone-related diseases. This condition imposes significant economic and psychological burdens on patients. While modern medicine has extensively researched the pathogenesis of OP， it remains incompletely understood. Current clinical management primarily relies on anti-resorptive drugs and synthetic metabolic agents. However， long-term use of some medications may yield suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and lead to severe adverse reactions. Given the necessity for prolonged or lifelong treatment for OP， there is a critical need to identify highly effective， safe， and cost-effective pharmaceutical interventions. In light of evolving disease management paradigms and recent advancements in OP research， traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated emerging advantages in addressing this condition. Through literature review， this study delves into the pathogenesis of OP from five perspectives： hormonal dysregulation， autophagy， ferroptosis， oxidative stress， and intestinal flora alteration. Furthermore， it summarizes the therapeutic efficacy and specific mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine monomers and compound formulas against OP through regulating hormone levels， interfering with autophagy， inhibiting ferroptosis， counteract oxidative stress，and maintain intestinal flora balance. These multifaceted insights are expected to provide theoretical reference and guide future clinical traditional Chinese medicine approaches for preventing and managing OP.

BACKGROUND:At present,modern medical treatment has certain limitations on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Traditional Chinese medicine alkaloids can effectively prevent and treat knee osteoarthritis through various mechanisms. OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis,providing a scientific basis for the clinical development of drugs for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,Web of Science and Google Scholar were retrieved for relevant literature published from database inception to May 2024.The key words were"knee osteoarthritis""osteoarthritis""osteoclast""chondrocyte""alkaloids"in Chinese and English.Duplicates and obsolete non-referenced literature were excluded,and a total of 68 eligible papers were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Although traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating knee osteoarthritis,only a small number of natural compounds are in the preclinical stage of research against knee osteoarthritis.Alkaloids have a greater potential for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis,among which,sophocarpidine,oxymatrine,sinomenine,and betaine have been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis by modulating multiple signaling pathways.Alkaloids can delay the progression of knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammatory response,exerting antioxidant response,inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis,promoting chondrocyte proliferation,and inhibiting osteoclast formation and differentiation.

Patients with severe pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus infection are often complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a high mortality. ARDS is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, and hypoxemia. Mitochondria are prone to morphological and functional abnormalities under hypoxia and viral infection, which can lead to cell apoptosis and damage, severely impacting the disease progression. Mitochondria maintain homeostasis through fission and fusion. In ARDS, hypoxia leads to the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), triggering excessive mitochondrial fission and damaging the alveolar epithelial barrier. Animal experiments have shown that inhibiting this process can alleviate lung injury, providing a potential direction for treatment. The pathology of novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS is similar to that of typical ARDS but more severe. Viral infection and hypoxia disrupt the mitochondrial balance, causing fission and autophagy abnormalities, promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, activating inflammasomes, inducing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), exacerbating viral infection, inflammation, and coagulation reactions, and resulting in multiple organ damage. Mechanical ventilation and glucocorticoids are commonly used in the treatment of novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS. Mechanical ventilation is likely to cause lung and diaphragm injuries and changes in mitochondrial dynamics, while the lung protective ventilation strategy can reduce the adverse effects. Glucocorticoids can regulate mitochondrial function and immune response and improve the patient's condition through multiple pathways. The mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS is caused by hypoxia and viral proteins, leading to lung and multiple organ injuries. To clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS and explore effective strategies for regulating mitochondrial dynamics balance to treat this disease, so as to provide new treatment targets and methods for patients with novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS. The existing treatments have limitations. Future research needs to deeply study the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction, develop new therapies and regulatory strategies, and improve the treatment effect.
Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology* ; COVID-19 ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism* ; Dynamins ; SARS-CoV-2

As a common clinical treatment technique, nasogastric tube insertion plays an important role in assisting in disease diagnosis and treatment, and promoting patient recovery. Nasogastric tubes currently used in clinical practice are packaged individually without accompanying sterile materials, hence additional materials need to be prepared before operation, which is complicated and prone to omission, consumes clinical manpower, and increases the proportion of departmental consumption. The operator needs to hold the nasogastric tube with one hand and place it with the other hand during operation, the lack of auxiliary tool for uniformly controlling the placement of gastric tubes may easily lead to tube failure due to patient intolerance, agitation, or uneven force exerted by the operator, and improper force may even result in violent tube placement, leading to adverse outcomes such as mucosal bleeding and aspiration into the airway. Medical staff of intensive care unit of department of infectious diseases of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology have designed a nasogastric tube auxiliary pushing device and an intubation kit to overcome the above problems, and obtaining National Utility Model Patent of China (patent number: ZL 2024 2 0300856.X). The device consists of two parts: a nasogastric tube auxiliary pushing device and a nasogastric tube insertion kit. Nasogastric tube auxiliary pushing device mainly consists of a nasogastric tube with guide wire, a circular wire harness, and a booster base with a pushing element. The tube insertion kit includes sterile treatment trays, main placement slots, and other operational accessory slots. The new nasogastric tube auxiliary pushing device and tube insertion kit integrates packaging and portable design, providing stable and uniform assistance for safe insertion of nasogastric tubes by a single person, which is able to reduce the occurrence of complications, ensure patient safety, improve patient comfort, and reduce occupational exposure risks, making it suitable for clinical promotion.
Intubation, Gastrointestinal/methods* ; Equipment Design ; Humans