Improving medical students' legal quality is not only the requirements of modern education and their self-improvement,but also the needs of reform on medical system in the new era and establishment of a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients.Medical universities should carefully integrate the existing law education resources and establish three staged teaching model (stages of basis law education,health law education and stage of comprehensive improvement) when being fronted with the education model which is unilateral,sporadic and lack of cohesion in order to improve the law quality of medical students.

Objective To investigate wheter epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could prevent the information of abrant crypt loci (ACF) induced by isoquinoline (IQ)and its possible mechanisms. Methods Sixty male BALB/cA nude immunological deficit mice were divided into five groups. Except control group, the other four groups were received IQ to induce ACF. The rats in low, medium and high dose groups were received 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of EGCG,respectively. The mice were sacrificed six weeks later. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and 0.2% methylene blue staining were used to observe the routine histology and ACF, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect Nrf2 protein level and RT-PCR was used to detect Nrf2 and UGT1A10 mRNA levels in colon tissue. Results The body weights of model group decreased significantly compared to high-dose group (21.70±0.13 vs. 24.37±0.07, P<0.01). Compared to model group, the degree of atypical hyperplasia and even canceration of colon mucus and the number of total ACF and total AC in high-dose group were decreased significantly (18.00±7.51 vs. 64.20±45.18, P<0.05;63.90±18.58 vs. 168. 80±35.34, P<0.01). The protein level of Nrf2 increased (0.3114±0.0037 vs. 0.1660±0.0021, P<0.01). The mRNA levels of Nrf2 and UGT1A10 in high-dose group was increased (both P value<0.01). Conclusions EGCG has protective effect on IQ induced preneoplastic lesions through reducing the number of ACF. This effect may be caused partly through the signal pathway Nrf2-UGT1A10.

Objective To explore the effects of exogenous methionine on arsenical distribution in liver,blood and brain of mice exposed to sodium arsenite through drinking water. Methods The female Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, the alone arsenic exposure group , the low level methionine intervention group, the moderate level methionine intervention group and the high level methionine intervention group, eight mice in each group . The mice in the experimental groups were exposed to sodium arsenite through drinking water at 50 mg/L arsenic for four consecutive weeks. And at the fourth week the 5 groups were treated intraperitoneally with saline solution (control and As group),100 mg/kg b.w,200 mg/kg b.w or 400 mg/kg b.w methionine,respectively . Twenty-four hours after cessation of methionine administration,mice were anaesthetized and rapidly dissected. The samples of blood,liver and brain were removed immediately for arsenic species analysis. Levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) were determined by HG-AAS method. Then total arsenic speciation( TAs), primary methylation ratio( PMR)and secondary methylation ratio( SMR)in each tissue were calculated. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of iAs, MMA, DMA and TAs in liver, brain and blood, were significantly higher in all experimental groups ( P

Objective To observe the effect of laser of Q Switch Nd:YAG 1 064nm wave length laser in the treatment of naevus fusco caerulens zygomaticus. Methods Since October 2000, forty nine cases of naevus fusco caerulens zygomaticus had been treated once every three months. Results Thirty two cases had been treated three times, and seventeen cases, four times. The total effective rate was 100 %. The pigmentation of all the cases were darker after the first treatment, later as the treatment progressed, the pigment became lighter. No pigment loss was seen. Conclusion Q switch Nd:YAG 1 064 nm wavelength laser has a good effect in the treatment of naevus fusco caerulens zygomaticus. It is safe and reliable.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol,etomidate and midazolam on gap junction function in rats in vitro and in vivo.Methods Experiment Ⅰ NRK52E cells were seeded in 6-well plates with the density of 1.0 × 105/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 wells each):control group (group C),propofol group (group P),etomidate group (group E) and midazolam group (group M).In group C,NRK52E cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.In P,E and M groups,propofol,etomidate and midazolam (with the final concentrations of 15,8 and 4μmol/L,respectively) were added to the culture medium,respectively,and the cells were then incubated for 1 h.Parachute dye-coupling assay was used to measure the gap junction function in NRK52E cells.Experiment Ⅱ Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 220-280 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each):propofol group (group P),etomidate group (group E),midazolam group (group M),and control group (group C).In P,E and M groups,propofol 100 mg/kg,etomidate 6 mg/kg and midazolam 5 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.The animals were sacrificed at 30 min after the last administration and the renal cortex was harvested to measure the gap junction function using tissue scrape and load assay.Results Compared with group C,the gap junction function was significantly decreased in P and E groups (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the gap junction function in group M (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol and etomidate significantly inhibit the gap junction function in NRK52E cells and renal tissues in rats,but midazolam produces no effect.

Objective To investigate the preventive effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on growth and metastases of orthotropic colonic cancer. Methods Forty BALB/C male nude mice were prepared for model of colonic cancer and then divided into control group and low-, medium- and high-dose of EGCG groups with 10 each. Except control group, the mice in other three groups were treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) of EGCG. The effect of EGCG on growth and metastases of colonic cancer was observed. The histopathologic changes of liver and lung were observed with HE, and protein expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cancerous tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR was used to examine mRNA levels of Nrf2, UDP-glucuronosyhrans-ferase (UGT)1A, UGT1A8 and UGT1A10. Results In comparison with control group [(564±130) mg], the average weight of the tumor in low-, medium- and high-dose groups was (152±63) mg, (76±42) mg and (18±10)mg, respectively, with tumor inhibitory rate of 73.0%, 86.5% and 96.8%, respectively (all P value<0.05). There was a positive correlation between tumor inhibitory effect and dosage of EGCG (P<0.05). The protein expression of Nrf2 and the mRNA levels of Nrf2, UGT1A, UGTIA8 and UGTIA10 in three EGCG treated groups were increased significantly compared with control group (P<0.05), and there was a phenomenon of nuclear transcription of Nrf2. Conclusions EGCG can prevent local growth and metastases of orthotopic colonic cancer in a dose-dependent manner in nude mice. The inhibitory effect may be caused by inducing the expressions of Nrf2, UGT1A, UGT1A8 and UGT1A10 genes.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of Chinese medicinal liniment pourmask and smearing in the treatment of acne. Methods Two-hundred and nine cases of acne were divided into two groups: treatment group (106 cases) was treated with Chinese medicinal liniment pourmask and smearing for 1 to 4 weeks, and control group was treated with gypsum fibrosum pourmask combining chloramphenicol and salicyic acid tincture for 1 to 4 weeks. Results At 8th week the cure rate, effective rate and improved rate in the treatment group and control group were 70.75 %, 29.25 %, 0 % and 34.95 %, 42.72 %, and 22.33 % respectively. Side effects were not found in the treatment group. Ten cases (9.71 %) in control group had contact dermatitis. Conclusion Chinese medicinal liniment pourmask and smearing have a good efficacy and safety in the treatment of acne.

Objective To evaluate the methods of carrying out radiotherapy quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) in the whole province. Methods From 1995, radiotherapy quality control center of Zhejiang province (the guiding team consists of specialists in radiation oncology of the province) has carried out a QC and QA program including evaluation of administration, departmental infrastructure, equipment, staff and treatment for 28 centers in the whole province. The regulation and scoring system were designed and first informed to every center, with the 28 centers checked and examined by the guiding team from 1999 to 2000. Results Great variations in equipment and staff were observed among participating centers. Equipment condition was not very satisfactory. Most of the treatment protocols were reasonable except that the indication for radiotherapy was not strict enough in some centers. Conclusions It is feasible for the radiotherapy quality control center to check and examine the department of radiation oncology in the whole province. Good QC and QA is invaluable to standardize the treatment protocol and ensure the radiotherapy quality and also helpful to carry out multi center study in the future.

National traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) master professor Ban Xiuwen had rich experiences on treatment of gynecological diseases with unique insights on diagnosis and treatment for disorders of menstruation, leukorrhea, pregnancy and delivery. FemaleYin-Wei, which was a gynecological disorder, was recorded in the book ofHuang-Di Nei-Jing. However, due to different reasons, TCM study on femaleYin-Wei was far less than the study on male impotence. ProfessorBan Xiuwen had specific considerations for this disease on the book of Treatment of Miscellaneous Gynecological Diseases. In his understanding, femaleYin-Wei was due to four aspects, which were the innate deficiency, yang deficiency and coldness of the uterus; seven emotion damage, liver-qi soothing disorder; spleen-stomach deficiency,qi-blood deficiency; and phlegm-dampness stasis,qi stagnation. Through the analysis and study on case records of femaleYin-Wei treatment by national TCM master professorBan Xiuwen, this article briefly elaborated professorBan Xiuwen’s understandings on femaleYin-Wei treatment from etiology, pathogenesis, treatment according to syndrome differentiation, and clinical experiences. Two femaleYin-Wei cases treated by professorBan Xiuwen were given as examples in order to analyze the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment according to syndrome differentiation and treatment experiences in details. The therapeutic effects of both cases were obvious, which were also important study documents.

To investigate the relationship between sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and metabolic syndrome in elderly males in Shanghai,all the subjects (≥ 60 years old,male) underwent measurements of weight,height,waist and hip circumferences,and blood pressures,serum levels of fasting plasma glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were determined (Hitachi,7600),while the levels of serum insulin,total testosterone,and SHBG were determined by using chemiluminescence methods.Free testosterone was calculated by using the Vermeulen equation.Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS 2004).The SHBG level in the metabolic syndrome group was significantly lower than that in non-metabolic syndrome group [(40.50 ± 26.16) nmol/L vs (47.80± 20.34) nmol/L,P＜0.01].With increasing number of metabolic syndrome components,the level of SHBG became lowered progressively.The subjects were divided into four subgroups according to SHBG Quartiles.From Quartile 1 to Quartile 4,body mass index,waist-hip ratio,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,triglyceride,fasting insulin,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),free testosterone,free androgen index,and free testosterone percentage became progressively lowered,while age and HDL-C became raised (P＜0.05).SHBG was correlated significantly with age,body mass index,waist-hip ratio,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,HDL-C,and triglyceride.Age,HDL-C,and body mass index remained independently associated with SHBG in the multivariate regression analysis.In a logistic regression taking metabolic syndrome as the dependent variable,SHBG and HOMA-IR were included in the final model with statistical significance.Lowered SHBG is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome in elderly males.SHBG may be an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome,but the mechanism of how SHBG is involved in the metabolic syndrome needs to be further studied.