Objective\ The adrenal gland is a linkage between nervous system and endocrine system.Its cortex results from mesoderm,and medulla derives from neuroectoderm.Searching its double characteristic of nervous and endocrine tissue is our aim. Methods\ Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used,and immunostained sections were observed under a light microscopy. Results\ NPY positive neuron and nerve fiber,CGRP positive nerve fiber existed in adrenal cortex.NADPH d positive neuron and nerve fiber, c fos positive neuron and nerve fiber,CGRP positive nerve fiber,SP positive nerve fiber were detected in adrenal medulla.NADPH d positive cell,NPY positive cell,CGRP positive cell,SP positive cell were found among the adrenal chromaffin cells.The zona glomerulosa,zone fasciculata and zona reticularis were stained strongly by NADPH d in cortex. Conclusion\ The adrenal gland was innervated by NO ergic,NPY ergic,CGRP ergic,SP ergic, c fos ergic nerves.The adrenal parenchyma,especially chromaffin cells can produce NO,NPY,CGRP,SP which regulate adrenal endocrine by itself.The nervous control of adrenal function and neuroendocrine function of adrenal gland is more complex than hitherto believed.\;

Objective Our purpose is to explore the occurrence and distribution of glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor in earthworm, P. aspergillum and to analyze their function significance. Methods By employing immunocytochemistry tchnique, the positive cells of glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR1, mGluR2/3, mGluR4 in earthworm, P. aspergillum were investigated under a light microscope. Results It was found that glutamate positive cells existed in cerebroganglion, subpharyngeal ganglion, ventral ganglion, neurons between muscle cells,intestinal epithelium and epidermis, that thin and dense glutamate positive fibers distributed in pharyngeal nerve cycle, subpharyngeal ganglion, ventral neurochain, that mGluR1 or mGluR4 positive neurons were detected in cerebroganglion and mGluR2/3 positive neurons weren't observed in earthworm. Conclusion During glutamate positive neurons, some possess remarkable processes and matured appearance from which glutamate positive fibers in pharyngeal nerve cycle, subpharyngeal ganglion, ventral neurochain derive, another have few branches, unmatured appearance in which glutamate doesn't serve as neurotransmitter acting to mGluR1 or mGluR4 of neurons in earthworm cerebroganglion.

Objective] To analyse the academic thought of Professor Li Guixian, the famous veteran doctor of TCM and academic experience instructor of treating ulcerative colitis. [Methods] In-depth analyse the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, explore the academic connotation of Professor Li Guixian treatment of ulcerative colitis based on traditional Chinese medicine theory, according to the ancient classics. [Results] Professor Li Guixian puts forward the viewpoint that pathogenesis in the process of evolution of ulcerative colitis has a great relationship with the fundamental of spleen and stomach, symptoms of damp and heat-toxin, the outline of Qi and blood ,not only in line with the characteristics of the occurrence and prognosis of the disease but also has its theoretical basis ,combined with her many years of clinical experience. [Conclusion] The way of “invigorating spleen to help transport and transform the essence of water and grain, regulating the function of qi and blood, removing the muddle of damp and heat-toxin”of treating ulcerative colitis has clinical significance.

Objective To provide an ideal tissular flap for the soft tissue defects of the oral commissure. Methods The observation and measurement of the source of blood supply and nerve innervation to the great/second toe web was carried out on 40 sides of adult specimens lower limbs perfused with red latex in artery. Results The first dorsal metatarsal artery which originated from the dorsal pedal artery was the chief artery to this region. Its external diameter at the beginning was (l. 6 ? 0. 3) mm and was (4. 6?0. 6) cm in length. Sensory nerve of the flap is deep peroneal nerve Conclusion The great/second toe web flap was an ideal tissue defects of the oral commissure.

Objective To explore the value of improved elasticity scores in differentiating malignant and benign breast lesions. Methods A prospective study was done in 394 patients with 508 breast lesions confirmed by pathology and the elastographic images of the lesions were evaluated by using old and improved elasticity scores respectively. Results The elastographic images of the lesions could be evaluated and classified in all patients by improved elasticity scores but could not be evaluated and classified in 82 lesions by old elasticity scores. The accuracy of ultrasonic elastography for diagnosing benign and malignant breast lesions was 88.8% and 78.1%, respectively by old elasticity scores and improved elasticity scores. Conclusions The elastographic images of breast lesions were accurately evaluated by using improved elasticity scores, and the use of improved elasticity scores is helpful to reduce the biopsy which is not necessary.

Objective To examine outcomes of superficial vein stripping for vein varicosis caused by combination of superficial and deep venous reflux and the effect on deep vein reflux. Methods From January 2004 to December 2006, twenty patients (22 lower extremities) with combined superficial and deep venous reflux were enrolled for evaluation, patients with superficial venous reflux alone worked as controls.All patients underwent superficial vein stripping and followed up for 2 years. Venous clinic severity score (VCSS) and color duplex ultrasound test were used to evaluate the change of clinic symptoms and valve reflux of deep veins. Results Preoperative VCSS of superficial and deep vein reflux group and superficial vein reflux group was 7.1 ± 2. 9 and 6. 6 ± 2. 0 respectively (P = 0. 44). At two years after operation the VCSS was 2. 3 ± 1.2 and 1.8 ± 0. 8 respectively without significant statistic differences, whereas comparing postoperative VCSS with individual preoperative parameters there was a significant decrease (P <0. 01). In combined superficial and deep vein group, deep venous reflux reduced in 7 limbs, progressed in 4 limbs, no change in 12 limbs. While in superficial reflux alone group, deep venous reflux occurred in 4 limbs.Conclusions Superficial vein stripping effectively improves symptoms of great saphenous vein varicosis of lower extremity caused by combination of superficial and deep vein reflux without a significant effect on the stares of deep vein reflux.

OBJECTIVE： To study the method of measuring the in vitro dissolubility of lansoprazole enteric－ coated tablets and to find out the difference between the dissolubility of lansoprazole enteric－ coated tablets and that of lansoprazole enteric－ coated capsules.METHODS： To establish a measuring method of the dissolubility of lansoprazole enteric－ coated tablets and compare the dissolubility of lansoprazole enteric－ coated tablets with that of lansoprazole enteric－ coated capsules and to acquire the dissolving parameters for variance analysis.RESULTS： (1)The accumulative dissolving quantity of the both preparations exceeded 80％ in 30 minutes.(2)The comparison of Weibull parameters,T50,Td and m,between each other in group A showed no significant differences(P>0.05).It was the same for those of group B.(3)The parameters,T50 and Td,of group A,in comparison with those of group B,showed significant differences(P<0.001).The times needed for dissoiving 50％ and 63.2％ of quantity in group B were both shorter than those in group A.The m parameters in different groups had no significant differences(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in slope of equation between two groups.CONCLUSION： This measuring method of the in vitro dissolubility of lansoprazole enteric－ coated tablets is simple,convenient,accurate,stable,feasible and good in repetition.It is concluded that there is significant difference between the dissolubility of the two dosage forms of enteric－ coated preparation of lansoprazole.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography (UE) in differentiating benign and malignant hepatic lesions.Methods One hundred and forty-five patients with 159 hepatic tumors were included in the study.Conventional ultrasound scan and UE were performed on each patient.Pathological results were as the golden standard.The diagnostic performance of the 2 methods were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the interobserver agreements were analysed.Results A better interobserver agreement was achieved in UE (κ =0.325 at conventional ultrasound versus κ =0.782 at UE).The area under ROC curve of conventional ultrasound,ultrasonic elastography and the combination of both methods were 0.76,0.77 and 0.87,respectively.After the combination of the 2 methods,the sensitivity and accuracy could be enhanced significantly ( P ＜0.05).Conclusions Conventional ultrasound combined with UE may be more helpful in differentiating malignant from benign hepatic tumors.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol,etomidate and midazolam on gap junction function in rats in vitro and in vivo.Methods Experiment Ⅰ NRK52E cells were seeded in 6-well plates with the density of 1.0 × 105/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 wells each):control group (group C),propofol group (group P),etomidate group (group E) and midazolam group (group M).In group C,NRK52E cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.In P,E and M groups,propofol,etomidate and midazolam (with the final concentrations of 15,8 and 4μmol/L,respectively) were added to the culture medium,respectively,and the cells were then incubated for 1 h.Parachute dye-coupling assay was used to measure the gap junction function in NRK52E cells.Experiment Ⅱ Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 220-280 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each):propofol group (group P),etomidate group (group E),midazolam group (group M),and control group (group C).In P,E and M groups,propofol 100 mg/kg,etomidate 6 mg/kg and midazolam 5 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.The animals were sacrificed at 30 min after the last administration and the renal cortex was harvested to measure the gap junction function using tissue scrape and load assay.Results Compared with group C,the gap junction function was significantly decreased in P and E groups (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the gap junction function in group M (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol and etomidate significantly inhibit the gap junction function in NRK52E cells and renal tissues in rats,but midazolam produces no effect.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and problems of problem-based learning ( PBL ) teaching methods that are adopted in the laboratory medicine practice teaching. MethodsOne hundred and four undergraduate students of 5-year system of laboratory medicine were selected to use the PBL teaching methods during the laboratory medicine practice. ResultsIt showed that the PBL teaching methods obtained good probation effect. But teachers and students are required to make greater efforts in PBL teaching mode than in traditional mode, and the teaching methods was also needed to be consummated.ConclusionsUsing the problem-based teaching methods the comprehensive ability of the student is enhanced. Therefore it deserves to be generalized during laboratory medicine practice teaching.