OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for constructing relief fund system for adverse drug reactions(ADR)in China. METHODS:Referring to the ADR damage relief system in Japan and Taiwan area of China,comparative study was conducted from aspects of the legal basis of the fund establishment,the nature of the authority,financing sources and ratio,relief efforts,etc. And rationalization suggestions were put forward for constructing the relief fund system for ADR in China. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:The ADR damage relief fund system of Japan and Taiwan area of China was established by the law. However,due to dif-ferent administrative system,financing sources and ratio,and relief efforts,there were some similarities (setting related laws, showing similarities in the partnerships between authorities and its health departments)and differences(the nature of fund authori-ties were independent administrative body in Japan,independent corporation in Taiwan area of China and so on)in the elements of the financing model. When constructing the ADR relief fund system,China should accelerate the relevant legislation;the govern-ment should reasonably arrange fund management agency,gradually establish ADR damage relief fund step by step,enhance the public awareness of ADR damage relief fund and establish diversified financing modes with enterprise-based payment.

Objective To analyze the antiangiogenic effect of stereotatic radiosurgery (SRS) in rat C6 gliomas using MR perfusion imaging(PWI) technique. Methods Twenty rats implanted with C6 glioma cells in the brain were randomly assigned into group A (without any therapy) and group B which underwent SRS therapy 4 weeks after implantation. PWI was performed to measure the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in tumor's region before therapy in all rats and 1 week later in group B. PWI sequence was applied pre-and post--inhalation of a mixture of 10% CO_2 and 90% air. rCBV and rCBF were analyzed. PaCO_2 and blood PH values were monitored before and aftermixed gas inhalation. All the MRI examination were car-ried out at a 3.0T magnet. The rats were sacrificed after MRI examination. Microvessel density (MVD) and number of mature ves-sels (with muscle layer) were measured histologically using immunohistochemical staining for factorⅧ and smooth muscle actin (SMA). PWI data, and pathological results were analyzed statistically. Results The size of tumors in group B remarkably de-creased with obvious necrotic area in the center 1 week after SRS therapy. PH value decreased and PaCO_2 increased significantly af-ter mixed gas inhalation. Blood gas data changes in group B were not significantly different from that in group A. The rCBV and rCBF of tumor's core in group B declined greatly after SRS treatment. The necrotic area was dark in rCBV and rCBF maps, that suggested no blood supply in this region. After therapy, the changing rate of rCBV and rCBF pre-and post-inhalation of gas in group B was greater than those in group A. The MVD of tumors in group B after treatment was sta-tistically less than that in group A. The number of SMA positively stained vessels in group B was nearly equal to that in group A. The percentage of SMA(+)/MVD in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. Conclusion SRS can inhibit the angiogenesis of rat C6 glioma, however vessels with smooth muscle cells are insensitive to SRS.

Physical and psychological stresses inhibit or harm reproductive endocrine especially female one at many levels of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and result in subhealth conditions or clinic diseases in reproductive endocrine. The hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and adrenal glucocorticoids (GCS) overreleases and other neuroendocrine alterations induced by stress are implicated in the mechanisms responsible for the disturbance of reproductive endocrine. The declines in activities of synzyms for reproductive hormones cause sexual hormones reduces and disfunction in reproductive endocrine system.

The complex multidimensional visual patterns of facial expression is particularly well sui ted for studying perception and the processes underlying perceptual integration of component parts into a meaningful whole.With the high resolution in milliseconds,event-related potential (ERP) may be an excellent technique to track the time course of cognitive processing for facial emotions.Facial affective stimuli elicit particular ERP components involved in early processing of facial expressions,including:early sensory processing of visual stimuli:the P100;early structural encoding of facial features:the N170;second-order sustained activities necessary for consequent deeper processing:the posterior P2 and decoding of facial features to identify emotional content:the N250.We reviewed above mentioned ERP components respectively,in order to add the knowledge about ERP components as indicators of neural dynamics of facial emotion processing,and to provide a point of reference for further exploration on facial emotion processing that may be useful for understanding human cognition development and pathology.

Objective To probe the effect of nursing interventions on depression of patients with acute stroke.Methods 72 cases of stroke patients with depression screened by Hamilton depression scale (HAMD)were divided into the intervention group and the control group with 36 cases in each group.The control group received routine treatment.The intervention group wag given nursing intervention based on routine treatment.The effect was assessed before and after 3,6 and 12 months of intervention with Zung self-rating depression scale(SDS)and improved Rankin scale(MRS). Results The value of SDS after 3,6 or 12 months was significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the value of MRS was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nursing intervention can reduce depression in patients with post-stroke depression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bacteria distribution, drug bacterial sensitivity characteristics of the rural chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). And to explore the effect of antibiotic on pathogenic bacteria culture. METHOD: Choose nasal sinus secretions from 115 CRS patients living in rural areas. Aerobic bacteria culture, anaerobic bacteria culture and drug sensitive test were procedured for each sample. At the same time the use of antibiotics nearly 2 months and nearly 2 weeks were collected. RESULT: Among one hundred and fifteen specimens, 17 kinds of germs were detected in 37 cases, the positive rate of aerobic bacteria was 32.17%. Staphylococcus aureus and epidermis staphylococcus aureus the most common type of aerobe in CRS patients at rural areas. There was negative result in the anaerobic bacteria culture of 17 maxillary sinus specimen. The cases of using antibiotics nearly 2 months was up to 90, accounting for 78.26%. Nearly 2 weeks, 73 cases, accounting for 63.48%. The chi-square analysis showed high bacterial culture rate, in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP group), which revealed correlation between bacterial infection factors and nasal polyps formation. For CRS patients with positive result of bacterial culture, they were sensitive to ofloxacin, cefotaxime, organism, ciprofloxacin, magnitude cephalosporin, and were drug fast to penicillin G, ampicillin, erythromycin. CONCLUSION No specific differences was found in the bacteria distribution of rural CRS. antibiotics abusage in rural CRS patients and the anaerobic bacteria culture techniques is the main factor resulting in low culture rate. Rational use of antimicrobial agents should be established on the basis of the bacterial culture and drug sensitive test.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Sinusitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Young Adult

To investigate the feasibility of using limited flap to repair different wounds by using fractionated transfer of one flap to repair different wounds in 8 cases. Among them, 2 cases were pedicle iliolumbar skin flaps, 2 cases were pedicle iliolumbar and hypogastric combined skin flaps, 2 cases were free latissimus dorsal myocutaneous flaps, 1 case was gastrocnemius myocutaneous flaps, and 1 case was deltopectoral skin flap. The flap in donor area was isolated normally, and then transferred to repair the main wound or the wound following scar excision. The other remnant wounds were treated by using thorough debridement. Blood supply training was performed from two weeks after operation. When the flap had reliable blood supply, a second-stage operation was performed. The remnant wounds were repaired by anterograde or reversed transfer. According to the ways of the second-stage operation, blood supply training and dissection of the pedicles were performed at 2 weeks after operation in some of the patients. All these flaps survived, and the wounds were repaired with satisfactory. The appearances and functions were improved after a six months follow-up. Results suggested that it was safe and feasible to use the same pedicle repaired different parts, which can solve the problem of using limited flap to repair different wounds.

Objective We sought to summarize the experience in nursing the patients of Robertsonian translocation receiving pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).Methods Thirty-eight patients with Robertsonian translocation received PGD.These patients received health education and psychological nursing except for routine therapy and nursing.Results All these patients had no obvious negative emotion and complied with the therapy.Nine patients were successfully pregnant and pregnancy rate was 23.7％,7 of them delivered healthy neonates.Conclusions Health education,psychology nursing together with controlled ovarian stimulation,egg retrieval and embryonic transplantation can reduce negative emotion,improve compliance of therapy,and benefit the process of PGD and clinical outcomes.

IgA nephropathy ( IgAN) , which is characterized by the presence of IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangi-um, is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis in the world .Some studies have revealed that the expression and changes of certain factors involved in IgAN pathology lesion in urine can provide facilitate the diagnosis , assessment and prognosis of IgAN .Studies on urine biomarkers in recent years were reviewed in this paper .

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of3kinds of traditional Chinese medicinal injectable prepa?rations in the treatment of children's fever caused by exogenous pathogens METHODS:44cases were assigned to receive Qin_ gkailing injection(Group A),Shuanghuanglian for injection(Group B)and heartleaf houttuynia herb injection(Group C),re?spectively.The curative effects of the3groups were observed and the cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted as well.RESULTS:The costs for the3groups were28.68yuan,45.00yuan and59.40yuan,respectively;the total effective rates were80.00%,86.67%and85.71%,respectively;the cost-effectiveness ratios of the3were35.85,51.92and69.30,re?spectively;the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of Group B and C were244.68and538.00,respectively as compared with Group A.CONCLUSION:Qingkailing injection(Group A)is the preferred option in the treatment of children's fever caused by exogenous pathogens.