In the present study carried out in our laboratory, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals in primary visual cortex (V1 area) of rats during the anesthesia process in the electrophysiological experiments of invasive microelectrode array implant, and obtained time evolutions of complexity measure Lempel-ziv complexity (LZC) by nonlinear dynamic analysis method. Combined with judgment criterion of tail flick latency to thermal stimulus and heart rate, the visual stimulation experiments are carried out to verify the reliability of anesthetized states by complexity analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the time varying complexity measures LZC of LFP signals of different channels were similar to each other in the anesthesia process. In the same anesthesia state, the difference of complexity measure LZC between neuronal responses before and after visual stimulation was not significant. However, the complexity LZC in different anesthesia depths had statistical significances. Furthermore, complexity threshold value represented the depth of anesthesia was determined using optimization method. The reliability and accuracy of monitoring the depth of anesthesia using complexity measure LZC of LFP were all high. It provided an effective method of realtime monitoring depth of anesthesia for craniotomy patients in clinical operation.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Microelectrodes ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Visual Cortex ; drug effects

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.007

OBJECTIVE To investigate the restrained factors in the disposal of medical dispute caused by nosocomial infection and try to find out the method to solve the problem. METHODS The several restrained factors in the disposal of medical dispute about nosocomial infection were enumerated and analyzed. RESULTS There are several restrained factors in the disposal of medical dispute about nosocomial infection according to law. First, nosocomial infection can not be died out, and medical dispute about nosocomial infection will exist for ever as a result of the specialty of supply of medical service. Secondly, current legal system construction of nosocomial infection management in our country is in the stage of being established and consummated step by step. Determinant criteria of medical negligence behavior are not perfect. Feasibility of part of the actual rules and standard in nosocomial infection is not good. Thirdly, collecting evidence is very difficult in some medical dispute caused by nosocomial infection . It is restricted by hospital condition, medical cost and medical documents. Because of the restrained factors mentioned above, when nosocomial infection occurs, medical workers concerned can not find or confirm the reason of infection in most cases. Then hospital has to compensate patients for loss in order to make concessions to avoid trouble. CONCLUSIONS We make following suggestions for the status. First, we should strengthen legal system construction about nosocomial infection, and safeguard both of hospital and patients′ interests . Secondly, insurance system of medical risk should be perfected. Thirdly, medical workers should abide by rules of operation. Fourthly, we can not hide the truth when nosocomial infection occurs. Fifthly, we must fulfil the "attention duty" in order to reduce medical dispute.

OBJECTIVE To ascertain the causes of unreported hospital infection in our hospital and apply countermeasures. METHODS To adopt investigation way to review and analyze 34 694 hospital files in our hospital from Aug 2002 to Jul 2004. RESULTS From them 1164 cases had experienced hospital infection,264 were unreported,the monthly unreported rate decreased from 52.50% to 0;the yearly unreported rate decreased from 36.17% to 10.67%. CONCLUSIONS The unreported reason is because the relevant staff lack infection knowledge,the control and supporting system isn′t so efficient.So the key to reduce the missing report rate is to enhance the awareness of the hospital infection control among the staff in hospital,to strengthen communication and cooperation,and to implement the administrative regulation.

Objective To set up a method of rapid culture,drug susceptibility testing and identification for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Methods Using the method by ourselves made and examined the standard strains and clinical strains of mycobacterium,research to the culture, the drug susceptibility testing and the identification of group in mycobacterium by this method compared with the method of Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) method. To make sure the characteristic identification of group in mycobacterium.Results Detection time of culture of this method was 19.13 d earlier than that of L-J method. The positive rate of the method was higher than that of the L-J method. The applied concentration of each drug was: INH:0.1 ?g/ml, RFP:1 ?g/ml, EB:2 ?g/ml, AMK:2 ?g/ml、LVFX:2 ?g/ml、PNB 200 ?g/ml、TCH 2.5 ?g/ml respectively. The report time of the method was 7～10 d. It was 18～21 d shorter than that of the L-J method (28 days).Conclusion The method shortened significantly the report time of culture、drug susceptibility testing and identification of group in mycobacterium. The rate of positive was raised.This method was economic, practical and suitable to expansion and application in the substrata units.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long term clinical effect of budesonide treatment in middle meatus for chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHOD: A total number of 53 patients with CRS received ESS were divided into two groups according to budesonide treatment: budesonide-treated group with 21 cases (39.6%) and control group with 32 cases (60.4%). Gelatin sponges soaked with 1 ml budesonide suspension were put in middle meatus in budesonide-treated group, while only gelatin sponges were put in middle meatus in control group. Visual analogy score (VAS), sino-nasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22) and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scale were carried out before ESS and two years after ESS. RESULT: In budesonide-treated group, there were a statistical difference before and after ESS in the VAS, SNOT-20 and Lund-Kennedy score (P<. 05). In control group, difference was also significant in VAS, SNOT-20 and Lund-Kennedy score before and after ESS (P < 0.05). The VAS gap of post-operative and pre-operative in two groups are significantly different (P<. 05). However, there was no significant difference in the SNOT-20 and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scale gap before or after the operation between two groups. CONCLUSION It is safe, convenient and practicable to perform budesonide treatment in middle meatus following ESS, which can significantly ease the post-operative discomfort of nose.
Budesonide ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nose ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Rhinitis ; drug therapy ; Sinusitis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE To overcome shortcomings in use of bed sheet,and to improve it for examining bed.METHODS Based on the working principle of the reel toilet paper and industrial drive belt,a reel device for(disposable) whole bed sheet was designed,and used on the bed examining more than 300 times.(RESULTS) The new designed reel aevice with disposable whole bed sheet was operated easy and safely,with decreased cost and(contamination) in use.It could alleviate infection opportunity in favor of control againt hospital infection and(environmental) protection.(CONCLUSIONS) The device can mount on any size of examining bed and widely accept for use.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of small endoscopic sphincterotomy combined large-bal-loon dilation in treatment of common bile duct stones 1.0~2.5 cm in diameter. Methods 426 patients with large common bile duct (CBD) stones 1.0~2.5 cm in size were reviewed in our hospital between June 2010 and June 2014. They were randomized underwent small endoscopic sphincterotomy combined large-balloon dilation (SESPLBD) (n=218) or endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) ( n= 208) for lithotripsy. The therapeutic outcome and complications were reviewed and compared. Results SESPLBD had higher complete duct clearance in one session (95.41 % vs. 93.75%), but there was no statistical significant difference. Bleeding was much less occurred in SESPLBD than in EST (2.29 % vs. 7.69 %, P= 0.025), especially when the stones were bigger than 1.5 cm in diameter. Mechanical lithotripsy was performed less in SESPLBD (13.76%vs 25.96 %, P=0.002), especially when the stones were 1.5 ~2.0 cm in diameter. There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (9.17 % vs. 6.73 %,P = 0.452), hyperamylasemia (19.72 % vs. 18.27 %,P = 0.796), perforation and death. Conclusions SESPLBD could be a safe method for large bile duct stones 1.0~2.5 cm in size. Compared with routine EST, it had less bleeding rate and mechanical lithotripsy requirement without increasing the incidence rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis or hyperamylasemia.

Objective To explore the Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods The papers of MCI syndrome research were reviewed and collected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Data and VIP Data from January of 1990 to December of 2014.Statistical analysis was made on the Chinese medicine syndrome types and syndrome factors.SPSS 17.0 software was adopted to make cluster analysis.Combined with experts' experience,related symptoms to the syndrome factors were carried out.Results Totally 32 papers were included.Mter terminology normalization,there were 24 syndrome types of MCI.Top 5 syndromes with high frequency were syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm,syndrome of deficiency of kidney essence,syndrome of deficiency of both Qi and blood,syndrome of internal exuberance of heat toxin and syndrome of blood stasis blocking brain.In syndrome factors of disease location type,kidney and brain covered the highest proportion,30.83％ and 30.00％.In syndrome factors of disease cause and character types,Qi deficiency covered the most,16.50％.According to results of cluster analysis,combined with experts' experience,15 syndrome factors were extracted,including 69 symptoms.Conclusion Chinese medicine syndrome types of MCI were mainly syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm and syndrome of deficiency of kidney essence.The disease locations were mainly kidney and brain.The disease character was Qi deficiency.

Objective To analyze and evaluate changes of the brain gray matter in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods 46 patients with PD and 19 normal control(NC) subjects(matched to the patients in age and gender) were selected in this study.46 cases of PD were divided into early PD group(ePD,25 cases) and middle-advanced PD group(maPD,21 cases) by improved Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stages.All the subjects underwent 3.0T MR scanning,and data of high resolution T1-weighted imageing (T1WI) were acquired.Gray matter volume differences between PD group and NC group,or ePD group and maPD group were assessed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) combined diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie (DARTEL) method.Results The gray matter volume of the bilateral frontal lobes, temporal lobes, insular lobes, cingulum gyrus, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, cerebellum and right cuneus lobe and precuneus lobe in the PD group was smaller than that in the NC group.The gray matter volume of the bilateral frontal lobes, temporal lobes,insular lobes,cingulum gyrus,rectus gyrus,lingualis gyrus,fusiform gyrus,hippocampus,amygdaloid and cerebellum in the maPD group was smaller than that in the ePD group.Conclusion VBM reveals a widespread volume reduction of the gray matter in PD patients,and detectes a correlation with disease duration and severity.These changes located in special distribution may be in line with the pathology of PD.