In the present study carried out in our laboratory, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals in primary visual cortex (V1 area) of rats during the anesthesia process in the electrophysiological experiments of invasive microelectrode array implant, and obtained time evolutions of complexity measure Lempel-ziv complexity (LZC) by nonlinear dynamic analysis method. Combined with judgment criterion of tail flick latency to thermal stimulus and heart rate, the visual stimulation experiments are carried out to verify the reliability of anesthetized states by complexity analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the time varying complexity measures LZC of LFP signals of different channels were similar to each other in the anesthesia process. In the same anesthesia state, the difference of complexity measure LZC between neuronal responses before and after visual stimulation was not significant. However, the complexity LZC in different anesthesia depths had statistical significances. Furthermore, complexity threshold value represented the depth of anesthesia was determined using optimization method. The reliability and accuracy of monitoring the depth of anesthesia using complexity measure LZC of LFP were all high. It provided an effective method of realtime monitoring depth of anesthesia for craniotomy patients in clinical operation.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Microelectrodes ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Visual Cortex ; drug effects

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.007

Objective To set up a method of rapid culture,drug susceptibility testing and identification for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Methods Using the method by ourselves made and examined the standard strains and clinical strains of mycobacterium,research to the culture, the drug susceptibility testing and the identification of group in mycobacterium by this method compared with the method of Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) method. To make sure the characteristic identification of group in mycobacterium.Results Detection time of culture of this method was 19.13 d earlier than that of L-J method. The positive rate of the method was higher than that of the L-J method. The applied concentration of each drug was: INH:0.1 ?g/ml, RFP:1 ?g/ml, EB:2 ?g/ml, AMK:2 ?g/ml、LVFX:2 ?g/ml、PNB 200 ?g/ml、TCH 2.5 ?g/ml respectively. The report time of the method was 7～10 d. It was 18～21 d shorter than that of the L-J method (28 days).Conclusion The method shortened significantly the report time of culture、drug susceptibility testing and identification of group in mycobacterium. The rate of positive was raised.This method was economic, practical and suitable to expansion and application in the substrata units.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the restrained factors in the disposal of medical dispute caused by nosocomial infection and try to find out the method to solve the problem. METHODS The several restrained factors in the disposal of medical dispute about nosocomial infection were enumerated and analyzed. RESULTS There are several restrained factors in the disposal of medical dispute about nosocomial infection according to law. First, nosocomial infection can not be died out, and medical dispute about nosocomial infection will exist for ever as a result of the specialty of supply of medical service. Secondly, current legal system construction of nosocomial infection management in our country is in the stage of being established and consummated step by step. Determinant criteria of medical negligence behavior are not perfect. Feasibility of part of the actual rules and standard in nosocomial infection is not good. Thirdly, collecting evidence is very difficult in some medical dispute caused by nosocomial infection . It is restricted by hospital condition, medical cost and medical documents. Because of the restrained factors mentioned above, when nosocomial infection occurs, medical workers concerned can not find or confirm the reason of infection in most cases. Then hospital has to compensate patients for loss in order to make concessions to avoid trouble. CONCLUSIONS We make following suggestions for the status. First, we should strengthen legal system construction about nosocomial infection, and safeguard both of hospital and patients′ interests . Secondly, insurance system of medical risk should be perfected. Thirdly, medical workers should abide by rules of operation. Fourthly, we can not hide the truth when nosocomial infection occurs. Fifthly, we must fulfil the "attention duty" in order to reduce medical dispute.

OBJECTIVE To ascertain the causes of unreported hospital infection in our hospital and apply countermeasures. METHODS To adopt investigation way to review and analyze 34 694 hospital files in our hospital from Aug 2002 to Jul 2004. RESULTS From them 1164 cases had experienced hospital infection,264 were unreported,the monthly unreported rate decreased from 52.50% to 0;the yearly unreported rate decreased from 36.17% to 10.67%. CONCLUSIONS The unreported reason is because the relevant staff lack infection knowledge,the control and supporting system isn′t so efficient.So the key to reduce the missing report rate is to enhance the awareness of the hospital infection control among the staff in hospital,to strengthen communication and cooperation,and to implement the administrative regulation.

Public hospital reform pilots have been initiated recently and it is necessary to clarify some key issues. To this end, thispaper touches upon six fundamental issues, discussing the generality and value for the existence of public hospitals, differences between reforms of public hospital and those of state-owned enterprise, the public financing for and regulation on public hospitals, relationship with the private sector, as well as service and function positioning of public hospitals.

Objective To screen cell growth and senescence-related genes of the parasitic pmtist Trichomonas vaginalis,we launched an EST program and isolated two cDNA clones from a T.vaginalis cDNA library,which showed high homology in deduced amino acid sequences to yeast Sir2 and designated as TvSir2 and TvSir2-like.Method The cDNA sequence of TvSIR2 had a length of 1034 base pairs (bp) with an open reading frame of 915 bp,and TvSIR2-like,1214 bp with an open reading frame of 1116 bp.Result The two deduced amino acid sequences shared all the three conserved cole domains with yeast Sir2 and its homologues,suggesting that the two clones were Sir2 homologues. A cDNA fragment from each cDNA clone was subvloned into the expression vector pET-41a.The expression of the fusion proteins in E.coli BL21 stains was induced by isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside (IPTG).Two anti-sera were prepared by immunizing two guinea pigs with the purified fusion proteins, Western-blot analysis demonstrated that each anti-serum reacted with the corresponding recombinant protein and detected a clear band (TvSir2,34 000 Mr;TvSir2-like,42 000 Mr)in protein extracts of the protist.Immunofluolescence techniques showed that TvSir2 and TvSir2-like proteins were both localized in the legions of perinuelear (ER) and Golgi complex.Conclusion Our data suggest that TvSir2 and TvSir2-like were two members of Sir2 family.Their biological functions in the protist would be further studied.

OBJECTIVE To overcome shortcomings in use of bed sheet,and to improve it for examining bed.METHODS Based on the working principle of the reel toilet paper and industrial drive belt,a reel device for(disposable) whole bed sheet was designed,and used on the bed examining more than 300 times.(RESULTS) The new designed reel aevice with disposable whole bed sheet was operated easy and safely,with decreased cost and(contamination) in use.It could alleviate infection opportunity in favor of control againt hospital infection and(environmental) protection.(CONCLUSIONS) The device can mount on any size of examining bed and widely accept for use.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of small endoscopic sphincterotomy combined large-bal-loon dilation in treatment of common bile duct stones 1.0~2.5 cm in diameter. Methods 426 patients with large common bile duct (CBD) stones 1.0~2.5 cm in size were reviewed in our hospital between June 2010 and June 2014. They were randomized underwent small endoscopic sphincterotomy combined large-balloon dilation (SESPLBD) (n=218) or endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) ( n= 208) for lithotripsy. The therapeutic outcome and complications were reviewed and compared. Results SESPLBD had higher complete duct clearance in one session (95.41 % vs. 93.75%), but there was no statistical significant difference. Bleeding was much less occurred in SESPLBD than in EST (2.29 % vs. 7.69 %, P= 0.025), especially when the stones were bigger than 1.5 cm in diameter. Mechanical lithotripsy was performed less in SESPLBD (13.76%vs 25.96 %, P=0.002), especially when the stones were 1.5 ~2.0 cm in diameter. There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (9.17 % vs. 6.73 %,P = 0.452), hyperamylasemia (19.72 % vs. 18.27 %,P = 0.796), perforation and death. Conclusions SESPLBD could be a safe method for large bile duct stones 1.0~2.5 cm in size. Compared with routine EST, it had less bleeding rate and mechanical lithotripsy requirement without increasing the incidence rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis or hyperamylasemia.

Objective To explore the Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods The papers of MCI syndrome research were reviewed and collected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Data and VIP Data from January of 1990 to December of 2014.Statistical analysis was made on the Chinese medicine syndrome types and syndrome factors.SPSS 17.0 software was adopted to make cluster analysis.Combined with experts' experience,related symptoms to the syndrome factors were carried out.Results Totally 32 papers were included.Mter terminology normalization,there were 24 syndrome types of MCI.Top 5 syndromes with high frequency were syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm,syndrome of deficiency of kidney essence,syndrome of deficiency of both Qi and blood,syndrome of internal exuberance of heat toxin and syndrome of blood stasis blocking brain.In syndrome factors of disease location type,kidney and brain covered the highest proportion,30.83％ and 30.00％.In syndrome factors of disease cause and character types,Qi deficiency covered the most,16.50％.According to results of cluster analysis,combined with experts' experience,15 syndrome factors were extracted,including 69 symptoms.Conclusion Chinese medicine syndrome types of MCI were mainly syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm and syndrome of deficiency of kidney essence.The disease locations were mainly kidney and brain.The disease character was Qi deficiency.