Objective:To study the thickness distribution palatal bone in adolescents and provide a clinical reference for implanting mini-screws.Methods:Cone-beam CT head scan data of palate of 20 adolescent orthodontic patients were measured with NNT Viewer software.60 points of the palate bone on one side were designed as 1 -10 in sagittal direction and as A -F in transvers direction with incisive foramen as the point of A and 0,the distance between each 2 adjacent points was 2 mm.The bone thickness of the 60 points were measured and statistically analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences among B2,B3,C2,C3,D3,E3,E4,F4 and F5(P >0.05).Statistically significant difference was found between F3 and B2 or B3,C2,C3,D3,E3,E4,F4 and F5(P ＜0.05).There was significant difference between D3 and D4(P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The appropriate areas for implanting mini-screws in palate may be about 2 -4 mm near the palatal suture and 4 -6 mm behind incisor canal,and 8 -10 mm near the palatal su-ture,6 -8 mm behind incisor canal.Those regions are safe for implanting mini-screws and can provide about 6 mm bone tissue sup-port.

This paper introduces the characters and methods of the digitization of medium hospital. The key interface technology between HIS and PACS, HL7 and DIOCOM are also mentioned. A solution to the digitization of the medium hospital is put forward in this paper.

Objective To compare direct magnetic resonance(MR)arthrography with arthroscopy of the wrist for evaluation of injury in the triangular fibrocartilage complex(TFCC).Methods Fourteen cases with suspicion of injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex were performed with conventional MR and direct MR arthrography,10 cases were done by arthroscopy.In the direct MR arthrography,needle placement was obtained using clinical landmark under sterile technique and fluoroscopy,intra-articular injection was performed at the radius-scaphoid space with 5-7 ml 0.3%mixture of Gadolinium (0.1 mmol/L)and saline(0.3 ml Gd-DTPA+100 ml saline).The findings of MRI and MR arthrography were analyzed with results of arthroscopy.Resuits (1)Among 14 cases with injury of TFCC,there were ulnar tear in 5cases,radius tear in 4 cases,complete tear in 5 cases(included 2 cases with long term rheumatoid).(2)High signal intensity and isointensity signal of injury of TFCC were revealed on STIR or T2 WI and T1 WIrespectively,normal hypointensity signal of the TFCC was partially or completely absent.Contrast media at the ulnar insertion(5 cases with ulnar tear)or radius attachment of the TFCC(4 cases with radius tear)were seen in the MR arthrography with difierent extent,5 cases with complete tear showed contrast media at the both ulnar insertion and radius attachment of the TFCC.The findings of MR arthrography were well corresponded with results of arthroscopy on the lesion site,including ulnar tear in 3 cases,radius tear in 4cases and complete tear in 3 cases.(3)Among 14 cases with TFCC,8 cases had dislocation of radius-ulnar joint,6 cases had bone contusion of radius or ulnar,synovial reaction was also clearly depicted on conventional MRI and direct MR arthrography in all cases.Conclusion Compared with results of arthroscopy,direct MR arthrography can adequately reveal the injury of the triangular fibrocartilage complex,synovial reaction and edema changes are depicted on conventional MRI.

Objective To analyze the bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria in elderly patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) so as to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics. Methods The clinical data of 160 elderly patients with HAP in our hospital from June 2006 to September 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. And the pathogenic characteristics and antibiotic resistance were analyzed. Results A total of 180 pathogenic bacteria were separated: 108 Gram-negative bacteria (60.0%), 48 Gram-positive bacteria (26.7%) and 24 fungi (13.3%). In Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the major pathogen (20.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus was the most prominent in Gram-positive bacteria (11.1%).The detection rate of fungi was increased in patients with long-term use of antibiotics and broadspectrum antibiotics. The Gram-negative bacilli was resistant to third-generation cephalosporin, and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were resistant to penicillin, penicillin + enzyme inhibitor, cephalosporin and monobactam antibiotics. The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was severe, but it was still sensitive to Ceftazidime. Gramnegative bacteria showed high sensitivities to Amikacin, Piperacillin + Tazobactam, Cefoperazone +Sulbactam, Imipenem and Meropenem. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occupied 92.6% of Staphylococcal aureus. The resistance rates of Gram-positive bacteria to Azithromycin,Ciprofloxacin, Oxacillin, Ampicillin + Sulbactam were all higher than 76%, but Gram-positive bacteria showed high sensitivities to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Teicoplanin. The staphylococcal strains that were resistant to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Teicoplanin were not found. Conclusions The major pathogen of HAP in elderly patients is Gram-negative bacilli. The detection rate of ESBLs producing Escherichia coil and Klebsiella pneumonia increases annually, and the drug resistances to the above bacteria is becoming more and more serious. But they are still highly sensitive to Amikacin,Piperacillin+ Tazobactam, Cefoperazone+ Sulbactam, Imipenem and Meropenem. The appropriate antibiotics for Gram-positive bacterial infections are Vancomycin, Linezolid and Teicoplanin.

Objective To investigate the expressions of microRNA-21,microRNA-143,and microRNA-145 in the sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),and their assessment vales in the recurrence,metastasis,and prognosis of NPC patients.Methods From January 2012 to January 2014,80 NPC patients in our hospital Department of Internal Medicine and Head and Neck Surgery was used as tumor group,80 cases of healthy volunteers as control.The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of microRNA-21,microRNA-143,and microRNA-145 in the sera.Results Expression of microRNA-21 in NPC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy control group with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of microRNA-143 and microRNA-145 in NPC patients was significantly lower than those in healthy control group with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,those microRNAs were significantly associated with tissue differentiation,invasion,and metastasis.Conclusions Increased microRNA-21 expression level in NPC patients,and decreased expression of microRNA-143 and microRNA-145 in NPC patients play an important role in differentiation,invasion,and metastasis in the development process of NPC.microRNAs can be used as a new index in the auxiliary diagnosis of NPC and the evaluation of recurrence,metastasis,and prognosis evaluation.

Objective To investigate the effect of radix paeoniae rubra (RPR) on expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and explore its protective mechanism. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups, ie, control group, LPS group, RPR treatment group, RPR prevention group and Hemin group. Arterial blood was drawn for blood gas analysis. Models of endotoxin-induced ALI were used to observe the protein content, the ratio of neutrophiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in lung and the activities of serum NO. Expression of HO-1 and iNOS in rat lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and morphometry computer image analysis. The histological change of lung were observed under light microscope. Results Compared with control group, expression of HO-1 and iNOS was markedly increased (P

Objective To evaluate the value and limitation of MRI in the diagnosis of meningovascular neurosyphilis. Methods Five cases of neurosyphilis confirmed by clinical history/laboratory were examined with MRI (3 plain MRI, 2 enhanced MRI). The results of blood and CSF TPPA/RPR were positive and HIV was negative. Results Abnormal signals were demonstrated in the temporal lobe in 3 cases, and infarction was revealed in the basal ganglion and periventricular white matter in another 2 cases. There was no marked contrast enhancement in the 2 cases. Conclusion Meningovascular neurosyphilis has no characteristic features on MRI, but MRI is an effective method in delineating the size, range, and characters of neurosyphilis, and it is also an useful modality to follow-up after antibiotic therapy.

Aim To investigate the role of TNF-αin propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and long-term cog-nitive impairment in neonatal rats .Methods Seven-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group ( n =12 ) , P ( single ) group ( n =6 ):propofol 50 mg · kg -1 was injected intraperitoneally (ip.)once;P(repeated) group(n=6):propofol 50 mg · kg -1 was injected ip.once daily, and for seven times. Hippocampal TNF-αlevel was measured 2 hours after propofol anesthesia , there were two time points(n=6) in Control group as control levels (post-natal day 7 for P ( single ) group and postnatal day 13 for P ( repeated ) group ) .In another experiment , 7-day-old rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:Con-trol group; P ( single ) group; P ( repeated ) group; P ( single ) +ETN group: ETN ( etanercept ) 0.4 mg · kg -1 was injected intracerebroventricularly 30 min be-fore propofol administration; P ( repeated ) +ETN group:ETN 0.4 mg· kg -1 was injected intracerebrov-entricularly 30 min before the 1st and 4th administration of propofol , which was injected ip .for seven times , once daily .Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis was detec-ted at postnatal day 7 [ P ( repeated ) and P ( repeated )+ETN groups not involved at this time point ] , 13, 21 and 35 , cognitive function was measured at postnatal day 36 to 41 using Morris water maze test .Results Propofol with different exposure times could increase hippocampal TNF-αlevels(P<0.05,P<0.01);in P ( single ) group, active caspase-3 positive neurons in hippocampal pyramidal cell layer were much greater than control level only at postnatal day 7 ( P<0.05 ) , there were no changes of escape latency or platform crossing times compared with control ( P>0.05 );in P ( repeated ) group, active caspase-3 positive neurons were more significantly increased at postnatal day 13, 21 and 35 than those in control group ( P<0.01 ) , es-cape latency was increased or platform crossing times were decreased more significantly than control in Morris water maze test ( P <0.01 ); after etanercept was ad-ministered intracerebroventricularly , there were no sig-nificant changes of active caspase-3 positive neurons , escape latency and platform crossing times after propo-fol anesthesia compared with control ( P>0.05 ) .Con-clusion TNF-αmediates hippocampal neuronal apop-tosis and long-term cognitive impairment induced by propofol in neonatal rats , and long-term cognitive im-pairment may be related with persistent neuronal apop-tosis.

Objective To study the imaging features of the ventricular meningioma, in order to improve the understanding knowledge. Methods Compared with operative and pathological findings,the CT and MRI features of ventricular meningioma were analyzed in 22 patients (8 males and 14 females,range from 17~72 years old with average age 45 years).21 cases were examined by MRI(17 with enhanced scan),11 cases by CT(4 with enhanced scan).Results The ventricular meningioma were mostly fibrous type. Mostly, the locations were in the trigone of the lateral ventricle with regular shape. On imaging, the most were parenchymatous with markedly enhancement. Calcification may be found, but cystic changes and hemorrhage were very rare.Conclusion The ventricular meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI are valuable in diagnosis, especially MRI.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of MR PWI in judging maturity and variability of tumor vasculature in gliomas in rats.Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly assigned to tumor group and control group.Four weeks after implantation of C6 glioma cells in the brains of tumor group and injection of saline in the brains of control group,all rats were examined using MR PWI before and after inhalation of a mixture of 10% CO2 and 90%air.PaCO2 and blood pH values of rats were monitored.Relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)and relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)values of tumors and normal brain tissue were measured.Brain sample were examined histologically using HE and immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin(SMA).The histological features of gliomas were observed and SMA positively stained vessels of each tumor were counted manually using a light microscope.Perfusion data and pathological findings were analyzed statistically with SPSS for Windows.Results PaCO2 increased significantly[from(4.69±0.62)kPa to(7.62±0.81)kPa in tumor group and from(4.67±0.51)kPa to(7.63±0.78)kPa in control group,P＜0.05)after inhalation of the mixed gas.The rCBV and rCBF values of tumor core were remarkably greater than those of normal contralateral brain tissue.The increasing rate of rCBV and rCBF values in gliomas[(26±17)%and(26±18)%respectively]were significantly less than those in normal brain tissue[(90±32)%and(45±14)%repectively](t=5.05 and 2.355,P＜0.05)Immunohistochemical staining of 10 tumors as well as contralateral brain tissue all demonstrated positive SMA expression in the smooth muscles of the vessels.The vascular walls of positive SMA labeled vessels within tumors were thinner and their vascular lumen wider than those within normal brain tissues.The number of SMA(+)vessels in tumors[(6.7±2.8)/HP]was statistically less than that in contralateral brain tissue[(12.7±2.8)/HP](t=1.86,P＜0.01).Changing rate of rCBV,rCBF of the tumor cores and number of the positive SMA labeled vessels showed no correlation(r=0.504 and 0.607,P＞0.05),while changing rate of rCBV,rCBF in normal brain tissue correlated well with number of positive SMA labeled vessels(r=0.721 and 0.525,P＜0.05).Conclusion PWI can detect the hemodynamic change induced by PaCO2 increase in the normal brain and in the tumor.It may be a useful technique to measure maturity of tumor vessels.