Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Conditions of Learning Effectiveness Questionnaire (CLEQ). Methods To translate and revise the Chinese version of CLEQ. A total of 176 baccalaureate nursing students were surveyed by the Chinese version of CLEQ and the results about the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CLEQ were assessed. Results Cronbach's α of the total Chinese version of CLEQ was 0.956. Cronbach's α of four subscales were all over 0.70. The internal consistency was good. The reliability of Split half was 0.926 and retest reliability was 0.869. CVI of the four subscales were 0.91～1.00. The average CVI of the scale was 0.94. There were significant relationships among subscales. The correlation coefficient was 0.691～0.829. Four common factors were found through factor analysis, which explained the percent of 61.63% rotation sums of squared loadings. Conclusions The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CLEQ were good, so it could be used to evaluate the level of clinical learning environment among nursing students.

Objective To explore effects of ephedrine on epinephrine (EPI) and estradiol( E2)concentration in blood, histological structures and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content in the ovary of female mice.Methods Pregnant female mice in the experimental group were treated with ephedrine (2g/L,4g/L, 6g/L), and the mice in the control group were treated with saline by intraperitoneal injection .Using ELISA method to detect concentration changes of EPI and E 2 in plasma, the changes in the enzymatic activity of SOD and MDA content were analyzed by colorimetry .The ovarian weight was measured , histological structures in ovary were observed by microscopy and the number of ovarian follicles were counted .Results EPI concentration in plasma of female mice increased , and the E2 concentration decreased dose-dependently in the experimental group .The activities of SOD were lower , and MDA content significantly increased compared to the control .The ovary weight of experimental groups was lower than the control group.The numbers of primary follicle , secondary follicle and atretic follicle increased and corpus luteum decreased in the experimental groups .There were pyknotic ovarian tissues , including oocyte ateophy , degradation granulose cells , and karyopyknotic granulose lutein cells in the experimental groups .Conclusion Ephedrine has a great effect on the ovarian histological structure and ovarian function of female mice , which may be correlated with the low activities of SOD .

Objective To develop a clinical practice satisfaction scale for the nursing interns,and to test its reliability and validity.Methods Original scale was formed on the basis of literature review and existing clinical practice satisfaction measurement tools of nursing interns.Totally 270 nursing interns of six tertiary first-class hospitals were investigated with the clinical practice satisfacfion scale of nursing intern by convenience sampling.SPSS13.0 and AMOS 17.0 were used to test the reliability and validity.Then the original scale was modified and the eventual scale was formed.Results The Cronbach's Alpha between each entries and the total scale were 0.548～0.752.The Cranbach's Alpha of total scale was 0.965and the split-half reliability of Guttman was 0.885.Five factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and they could explain 65.307％ of the total variance.The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit of the first and second order,and the fit indices x2/df,GFI,AGFI,RMR,RMSEA,NFI,CFI,TLI were 1.176/1.095,0.893/0.900,0.856/0.864,0.034/0.033,0.026/0.019,0.918/0.924,0.987/0.993,0.983/0.991.Conclusions The clinical practice satisfaction scale of nursing intern is reliable and valid,and can be used to assess the clinical practice satisfaction of nursing intern.

Objective To evaluate influence of general anesthesia on postoperative cognition function in the elderly patients by using different methods and choose a better anesthesia method for elderly patients. Methods Forty elderly patients undergoing selective abdominal surgery were selected and divided into two groups: anesthesia was maintained with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia in observe group and with general anesthesia singlely in control group. Vital signs were observed and recorded during operation and blood pressure varied within the extent of 20% of basic level. Cognition function of each patient 24 hours before and 24,48 hours after operation was e-valuated by MMSE method. Results All the patients maintained steady vital signs and there was no significant differ-ence in MMSE scores between two groups at all the time points. There were 11 cases(55% ) who had acute cognitive dysfunction in observe group and 13 cases(65%) in control group 24h after operation(P>0.05) ,5 cases(25%) in observe group and 9 cases(45%) in control group 48h after surgery(P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with single general anesthesia, general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia uses less general anesthetics and has less negative effect on postoperative cognition funetion in the elderly patients,it maybe better in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac operation.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.007

AIM: To investigate the effect of oral clarithromycin on serum concentrations of aminophylline at steady state and its pharmacokinetics in New Zealand rabbits. METHODS: The serum concentration of aminophylline was determined by FPIA in rabbits given(po) aminophylline or aminophylline combined with clarithomycin. The experiment was divided into 2 stages: (Ⅰ)the subjects only received a four day course of oral aminophylline until steady state;(Ⅱ)aminophylline and clarithromycin were coadministrated from the d 5 to d 10. The dose of aminophylline was 30 mg?kg -1 and the dose of clarithromycin was 50 mg?kg -1 for each rabbit. The two series of pharmacokineticis parameters were tested by statistic analysis. RESAULTS: There was no significant variation in pharmacokinetic parameters between two stages. CONCLUSION: It is not necessary to change the therapeutic dose of aminophylline when the drug is taken in combination with clarithromycin.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of aminophylline,eyhedrine and guaifenesin in Xiaoer kechuan oral solution.METHODS: The determination was performed on Hypersil ODS column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.015 mol?L-1 KH2PO4(0.1% triethylamine and pH value of phosphoric acid adjusted to 2.7)(10 ∶ 90) with a flow rate of 1.6 mL?min-1 and detection wavelength of 254 nm and 209 nm.RESULTS: The linear ranges were 356.4～712.8 ?g?mL-1 for aminophylline,88～176 ?g?mL-1 for eyhedrine and 106～212 ?g?mL-1 for guaifenesin(r=0.999 9).The average recovery rates were 101.0%(RSD=0.73%,n=9),99.7%(RSD=1.00%,n=9),98.3%(RSD=0.44%,n=9),respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate for quality control of Xiaoer kechuan oral solution.

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the distributional characteristics of anaphylactogens in prurigo nodularis (PN)patients so as to provide clinical basis for selecting the method of allergy test.Methods We divided 262 PN patients into four groups and then used skin-prick (5 4 patients ),skin-patch (5 0 patients ),serum IgE allergen detection (56 patients)and serum IgG allergen detection (102 patients)to analyze anaphylactogen positive rate and their distribution differences in PN.Results For skin-prick test in 54 PN patients,the detection rates of platanus orientalis,artemisia argyi,poplar,dust mite,dirt mite,cod,peanut and tomato were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05 ).For skin-patch test in 50 PN patients,the detection rates of nickel sulfate,flavor compounds,black rubber,and carba mix were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).For serum IgE test in 5 6 PN patients,the detection rates of house dust,scandent hop,cat/dog hair,bug,penicillium/neurospora and mutton were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).For serum IgG test in 102 PN ones,the detection rates of crab,shrimp,beef and cod were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Skin-prick test and serum IgE detection have high application values in PN patients.Serum IgG detection is of certain importance in adjusting PN patients’diet structure while skin-patch test applied in PN needs further exploration.

Objective: To explore the cross classification of tibial plateau fractures combined with avulsion fracture of medial femoral condyle. Methods: The 16 patients were retrospectively analysed as an observation group who had been treated at Department of Lower Limbs, Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital for tibial plateau fracture and avulsion fracture of the medial condyle of the same femur from January 2015 to December 2018. They were 9 males and 7 females, aged from 27 to 78 years (average, 51.5 years). By the Schatzker classification, there were 2 cases of type Ⅰ, 8 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲ and one case of type Ⅳ; by the cross classification, there were 10 cases of type Ⅰe, one case of type Ⅱe and 2 cases of type Ⅲe and 3 cases of type Ⅰv. The 332 patients were included as a control group who had been treated at the same department for simple tibial plateau fracture from January 2010 to December 2015. The imaging data of the 2 groups were compared to find out the charateristics of cross type distribution; the widened distance of the lateral tibial plateau, collapse depth of the tibial plateau, separation of avulsion fracture of medial femoral condyle, maximum clearance of the medial knee and eversion angle of the tibial plateau were investigated in the patients with cross types e and Ⅰv in the observation group. Results: In the observation group, the widened distance of the lateral tibial plateau averaged 7.18 mm, the collapse depth of the tibial plateau 8.74 mm, the separation of avulsion fracture of medial femoral condyle 3.44 mm, the maximum clearance of the medial knee 7.77 mm, and the eversion angle of the tibial plateau 87.03°. There was a significant difference in the cross type distribution of tibial plateau fractures between the 2 groups (P=0.002). In the observation group, the average widened distance of the lateral tibial platea for the 13 type e patients (8.49±4.26 mm)was significantly larger than that for the 3 type Ⅰv patients (1.51±2.11 mm) (t=2.706, P=0.017). Conclusion The cross classification of tibial plateau fractures with avulsion fracture of mediall condyle of the same femur may result mainly in types e and type Ⅰv. The widened distance of lateral tibial plateau helps distinction between types e and type Ⅰv.

Cells can adapt to environment and development by reconstructing their transcriptional networks to regulate diverse cellular processes without altering the underlying DNA sequences. These alterations, namely epigenetic changes, occur during cell division, differentiation and cell death. Numerous evidences demonstrate that epigenetic changes are governed by various types of determinants, including DNA methylation patterns, histone posttranslational modification signatures, histone variants, chromatin remodeling, and recently discovered chromosome conformation characteristics and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here, we highlight recent efforts on how the two latter epigenetic factors participate in the sophisticated transcriptional process and describe emerging techniques which permit us to uncover and gain insights into the fascinating genomic regulation.
Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Chromatin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Eukaryotic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Histones ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Untranslated ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic