This paper is to briefly introduce the internal auditing procedures of economic contract at research institution.Before the contracts were signed,all the subjects and terms were thoroughly checked.After contract were signed,all the procedures concerned in the execution of contract were carefully monitored,including the filing,accounting,assets custody,taxes payment,etc..Economic contract internal audit can improve the management of economic matters and minimize the risks of contracts so as to enhance the internal control of research institutions.

An integrated district health care model is an important field development .Since 2007, The US Armed Forces have been constructing district health care systems , integrating the medical resources in National Capital Region and San Antonio.The two new established district health care systems have been making military health care more effective while reducing costs and improving the quality of care to beneficiaries .

The earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes (EFE) were separated by affinity ch romatography using soybean trypsin inhibitor as a matrix. The enzymes were furth er separated and purified into 12 components after DEAE-32 chromatography and p reparative electrophoresis. The pI of these components gradually decreased f rom pH 4.0 according to electrophoresis mobility from higher to lower on PAGE. The molecular weights were in the range of 22～34 ku. 6.5 and 7 w ere glycoproteins proved by staining with the shiff reagent and thymol/sulfuric acid. The fibrinolytic activity of 7 was highest as determined usi ng chromzym UK and chromzym PL as specific substrates.

Influences of environment on medical equipment lie in many fields and exist independent of human consciousness.In order to lengthen the service life of medical equipment and produce the best possible results,human beings use scientific methods to utilize and change the natural situation.Bad influence from natural conditions to medical equipment is expatiated from such aspects as influence from thunder,rain,snow,electricity,warmth,humidity,mist,magnetism,etc.The management and the protection of the medical equipment under the natural situations are discussed.

To curb the increase in health care costs and improve government efficiency , a series of structural and governance reforms for U.S.Military Health System(MHS) were implemented, which is the biggest structural organizational change in the MHS′s history.The reform focusing on the establishment of Defense Health Agency ( DHA) and enhancement of multi-service markets will achieve its goal by the end of 2015.This paper analyzes the major reasons for the reform and changes of the U.S.MHS before and after the reform and offer some tips for the reform of the Chinese Military Health System .

Objective:To explore clinical characteristics and diagnosis in aged patients with pulmonary embolism. Methods:The data of electrocardiogram (ECG),clinical characteristics and diagnosis were summarized and ana-lyzed in 56 aged patients with pulmonary embolism.Results:The most frequent symptom was exertional dyspnea (69.6%).ECG had characteristic changes in 12 patients (21.4%).All 56 patients received multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary arteriography,and thrombus within pulmonary artery was found in all patients (100%);38 cases re-ceived nuclide lung ventilation perfusion scanning,the results were 32 cases (84.2%)with mismatching pulmonary perfusion and ventilation imaging;Ultrasound examine found there were phlebothrombosis in deep vein of lower limb of 26 cases (46.4%).Misdiagnosis:The 26 cases (46.4%)were misdiagnosed.A total of 14 cases (53.8%) were misdiagnosed as respiratory system diseases,including eight cases of infectious shock and six cases with pulmo-nary infection;12 cases (46.2%)were misdiagnosed as circulatory system diseases,including five cases of acute cor-onary syndrome,four cases of heart failure and three cases of cardiogenic shock.Conclusion:The most frequent symptom is exertional dyspnea in aged patients with pulmonary embolism;ECG has characteristic changes only in few patients;the pulmonary arteriography is major diagnosis method.

Objective To expolore the changes of coagulation index in newborns of different age and its clinical significance. Methods We studied 129 newborn infants without complication admitted to the neonatal department in an all-around hospital in Gnangzhou from January to December in 2005. These neonates were divided into two groups, including 63 cases of full-term infants and 66 cases of premature infants. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), Fibrinogen (Fg), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer (D-D) of these newborn infants were assayed on the first day, the third day and the tenth day. Results In the postnatal three periods of time, there was no difference in PT and D-dimer between two groups(P >0.05), but APTT and TT in premature infants were higher than that in full-term infants( P < 0.05), and Fg in premature infants were lower than that of full-term irfants(P<0.05). PT,APTT, TT,Ddimer were in decrease tendency and Fg increased as age increased( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Geststional age and age had effect on coagulation index in newborn infants, and both can provide clinical references to clinical diagnosis and therapy.

The concept of “experimental animals” has been raised up, while we still need relevant laws and regulations on experimental animals.Accordingly, a potential safety hazard may occur when using these animals.Here we compare the content of the“Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People’ s Republic of China” and “Regulations for Experimental Animal Management”, with the “Terrestrial Animal Health Code” issued by International Organisation for Animal Health ( Office International des Epizooties,OIE) , in order to provide some advice to completing the relevant laws in China.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts on EC50 in the remifentanil inhibition of tracheal intubation response by the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6).

METHODSForty patients with selective surgery undergoing endotracheal intubation with intravenous general anesthesia were divided into I to II degree by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 20 cases in each one. Before general anesthesia induction, in the observation group, the transcutaneous electric stimulation was applied to bilateral Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) for 30 min, with dense-disperse wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency; in the control group, the sham-stimulation was applied to the acupoints, with the lamp on, but without electric current output. Afterwards, the general anesthesia induction started. When the target concentration of propofol and remifentanil was stabilized at the preset value, the endotracheal intubation was conducted. Dixon sequential method was applied for the determination of ECs in remifentanil inhibition of tracheal intubation response.

RESULTSThe level of EC50 in remifentanil inhibition of tracheal intubation response was 3. 46 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval was 2. 80 ng/ml to 4. 27ng/mL in the observation group; those were 4. 18 ng/mL and 3. 30 ng/mL to 5. 29 ng/mL in the control group separately. The differences were significant in comparison of the two groups (P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONTEAS apparently reduces EChe in the remifentanil inhibition of tracheal intubation response by around 17%as.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; etiology ; Pain Management ; Piperidines ; administration & dosage ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation