Objective To explore the impact of advanced glycation end-products ( AGEs) on matrix metalloproteinase 2 ( MMP-2) expression in cultivated INS-1 cells. Method INS-1 cells were cultivated and MMP-2 expression was analyzed. Glycated serum was prepared for incubating with INS-1 cell. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. The intracelluar MMP-2 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, realtime PCR and Western blot. The MMP-2 cDNA was expressed in cultivated INS-1 cells. Result The level of ROS treated with AGEs was significantly higher than that in the control( P<0.05 ) , and the levels of MMP-2 and its protein expressions turned out as well( P<0. 05). Conclusion The results suggest that MMP-2 was expressed in INS-1 cells. Increased MMP-2 expression in ?cells may be induced by AGEs, suggesting that MMP-2 might play an important role in oxidative stress-mediated islet injury.

Objective To study the incidence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and its impact on the clinical manifestations of patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD). Methods One hundred and twenty-four PD patients were included into this study and each of them was given the non motor symptoms questionnaire (NMSquest) to investigate the incidence of RBD. The PD patients were then divided into the RBD group and non RBD group, according to their answers to the NMSquest. Then the clinical differences were investigated between PD patients with and without RBD on the aspects of demographic characters, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, the scores of Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) sub-items, the incidence of non motor symptoms, and the dysfunctions of non motor systems (cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression and sleep disorders ). The evaluation tools of non motor functions include Mini Mental State Exam ( MMSE), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Parkins' s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results ( 1 ) 62.9% (78/124) of the PD patients have been experiencing RBD. (2) The course of the disease in RBD group ( 3.8 ± 2.8 ) was significantly shorter than non RBD group (5.0 ± 2.5, t = - 1. 972, P = 0. 048 ) while the sex, age, onset age and the mode of onset, Levodopa dose equivalents (LDE) and the kinds of medicines showed no difference between the two groups. (3) H-Y stage, the scores of UPDRS sub-items and the incidence of motor complications showed no difference between RBD and non RBD group. (4) Most of the non motor symptoms, including the gastrointestinal dysfunctions, autonomic dysfunctions, mood disorders and sleep disturbances, occurred much frequently in RBD group, however, the scores of MMSE, HAMD, HAMA,PDSS and ESS showed no difference between the RBD and non RBD group. Conclusion RBD commonly occurred in PD patients, and PD patients with RBD have a tendency to suffer from dysfunction of non motor systems.

Objective To investigate the changes in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) number in peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral infarction and after Naoxintong treatment.Methods Sixty patients were selected as subject and randomly divided into aspirin group and aspirin (30 patients) + Naoxintong group (30 patients).Meanwhile 30 patients without cerebral infarction were served as control group The number of peripheral blood EPCs were detected by flow cytometry at different time point.NIH-NINDS stroke score was used to elevate the neurological function.Results Compared with the control group,number of peripheral blood EPCs significantly decreased in the early stage of acute cerebral infarction (P ＜ 0.05),and then gradually increased until 7th day,which was back to the normal level.There was a positive correlation between improvement of NIHSS and number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.Compared with aspirin group,the number of peripheral blood EPCs in Naoxintong group increased sigrificanfly [41.40 ±0.18/million cells vs 41.40 ±0.18/million cells] at 14th day in patients treated with aspirin and Naoxintong.Conclusion The number of peripheral blood EPCs showed a U shape dynamic change in acute cerebral infarctior.Increase the number of peripheral blood EPCs might improve prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.On the basis of routine treatment of aspirin,Naoxintong plus aspirin treatment might improve the number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.

Objectives To examine the association of the maternal high-fat (HF) diet with increased susceptibility to obe-sity and the development of metabolic diseases in their offspring, and observe difference in the effect of maternal vs. acquired high fat diet on metabolic state in their offspring. Methods A total of 15 SD female rats were divided into HF diet group (group H, n=9) and control diet group (group C, n=6). After fed on different diet for seven weeks, they were mated at the age of ten weeks and became pregnant. Their offspring were then divided to groups CH and HH fed HF diet and groups CC and HC fed control diet. At the age of 3 and 8 weeks, the metabolic markers and the liver pathohistological evidences of their offspring were obtained. Results The body weight, area under curve (AUC) of glucose tolerance, cholesterol and triglyceride were all higher in group H than those in group C (P<0.05) before pregnancy. The offspring of group H had a higher body weight than the offspring of group C at the age of 3 weeks (P=0.002), and no difference in AUC was found between two groups (P>0.05). At the age of 8 weeks, there was no difference in fasting glucose and insulin levels among the four offspring groups. The AUC and body weight were higher in group H than in group C (main effect of maternal diet, P=0.024, P=0.013). The AUCs were also higher in groups CH and HH than groups CC and HC respectively (main effect of acquired diet, P=0.041). The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL at the age of 8 weeks were all higher in HH and CH groups than those in HC and CC groups (main effect of acquired diet, P=0.008, 0.007, 0.000, respectively). Their histological analysis at 8 weeks showed different degrees of fatty liver in HH, HC and CH groups, and normal liver in CC group. Conclusions Maternal HF diet may result in increased body weight, fatty liver and impaired glucose tolerance in their adult offspring, and thus increase the risk of developing metabolic diseases at their later age. .

OBJECTIVE:To compare the quality control index between Jinzhen Suanzao teabag and decoction,and explore the alternative supplement of teabag to decoction. METHODS:The test sample solutions of Jinzhen Suanzao teabag and decoction were prepared by hot-maceration method and water-decoction method. The contents of water soluble extract and total flavonoids were de-termined and compared between 2 kinds of preparation. The leaching rates of teabag were investigated at different soak time(0,5, 10,15,20,25,30 min) to optimize soaking time. RESULTS:The average content of water soluble extract were 50.56% and 44.45%(P<0.05) respectively for the teabag and decoction. The total flavonoids content were 0.64 mg/g and 0.69 mg/g (P<0.05). The dissolution amount of teabag were increasing and leaching rate increased within first 20 min,and reached balance gradu-ally 25 min later. CONCLUSIONS:According to the convenience of use and results of each index,the difference in quality control index is not great between 2 kinds of preparation. Teabag can be as the supplement of decoction.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of pure titanium modified by bioadhesive RGD peptide on the early attachment, growth and proliferation of osteoblasts. Methods: The titanium samples were hydroxylated by alkali/hot water aging and sol-gel layer-by-layer deposition technique. Afterwards, the terminal -NH_2 group was introduced to the titanium surface by organosilane APTMS self-assembled monolayers and the functional group -NH_2 was further reacted with EDC/NHS by which RGD peptides was covalently immobilized to titanium. The efficiency of this bioreactive surface in promoting cell attachment and the competitive inhibition effect of RGD peptide with different concentrations were observed by calculating the amount of osteoblasts attached on the modified titanium. The growth and proliferation were observed by MTT method and scanning electronic microscopy. Results: The cell adhesion percentage of the RGD modified titanium group was much higher than that of the other groups. The RGD peptide solutions with higher concentration had stronger inhibitory impact on the cell adhesion onto the titanium surface. The cell growth, morphology and proliferation on the RGD peptide modified titanium were better than other groups. Conclusion: Bioadhesive peptide can be chemically grafted onto the titanium surface by means of self-assembled monolayers technique. The cells′ biological behaviors on the surface of RGD immobilized titanium are greatly improved in vitro.

Objective To study the impact of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its antagonist on the expressions of intestinal mucosa claudin-1,Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in rat models of acute liver failure.Methods Fifty four healthy male SpragueDawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group and intervention group according to a random number table.Rats in normal control (n=6) group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9％ saline (12 mL/kg).Rats in model group (n=24) and intervention group (n=24) were intraperitoneally injected with a full dose of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) at a dose of 1 200 mg/kg to establish model of acute liver failure,while rats in intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with TNF-α antagonists (rhTNFR∶Fc) at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg before 24 hours given D-GalN.At each time point of hour 8,24,48 and 72,six rats in both model group and the intervention group were sacrificed,respectively,while the normal control group were all anesthetized and sacrificed at 72 h.Models were repeated five times.Serum liver function was detected by biochemical method,and serum TNF-α level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained sections of liver and terminal ileum were examined under an optical microscope for pathological changes;and protein expression of the terminal ileum Claudin-1,ZO-1 protein and MLCK were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Means among groups were compared with t test.Results Acute liver failure was successfully induced in the D-GalN injected rats.In the model group,alanine aminotransferase (ALT) began to decline,total bilirubin continued to rise,and enzyme-jaundice separation developed at hour 72.But total bilirubin in intervention group at hour 72 was decreased.Light microscope showed that at hour 72,villus lodged at terminal ileum in the model group with part of villus tip failing off in the model group.Villus mucosa and submucosa interstitial were edema and infiltrated with numerous neutrophils.The terminal ileum kept integrate in the intervention group,and villus mucosa and submucosa were mild edema and only infiltrated with a small amount of neutrophil.Expressions of tumor necrosis necrosis factor (TNF)-α in rats of model group and intervention group were gradually increased and peaked at hour 24 ([239.83 ± 15.81] and [182.71± 17.08] ng/L,respectively),which were significantly higher than that of the control group ([24.19±3.57] ng/L,t=22.68and 15.73,respectively;both P＜0.01).Expression of serumTNF-α in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of model group (t=4.58,P＜0.01).Expressions of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 in model group decreased gradually at an early stage and reached the lowest level at hour 24 (0.355 ± 0.068 and 0.387 ± 0.091,respectively),which were both significantly lower than that of control group (1.640±0.188 and 1.015±0.150,respectively;t=12.87 and 7.14,respectively;both P＜0.01).In the intervention group,expressions of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 also decreased to the lowest level at hour 24 (1.051 ± 0.370 and 0.642 ± 0.082,respectivley),which were both significantly lower than that of control group (t =2.84 and 4.36,respectively;both P＜0.05),but significantly higher than model group with stastically difference (t =3.70 and 4.15,respectively;both P＜0.01).MLCK protein levels in the model and intervention group were gradually increased,which peaked at hour 24 (1.298±0.194 and 1.033 ± 0.073,respectively),significantly higher than the control group (0.460±0.069,t=8.16 and 11.44,both P＜0.01);and MLCK in the intervention group was lower than that in the model group with statistically difference (t=2.56,P＜0.05).Conclusions Expression of serum TNF-α in rat model of acute liver failure increases,which leads to decreased expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1,and increased expression of MLCK,makes cell shrunk and cell gap increased.TNF-α antagonist could significantly reduce the inflammation and liver cell apoptosis,improve liver function by inhibiting MLCK expression and preventing decrease of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 proteins.

Objective:To understand the reliability and validity of quality of life instruments for cancer patients-brain neoplasm [QLICP-BN (V1.0)], a self-developed quality of life scale for cancer patients.Methods:The quality of life of 112 patients with brain neoplasms in Yunnan Cancer Hospital from March 2012 to November 2013 was measured. The general data questionnaire and QLICP-BN (V1.0) were used for data collection. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of the scale were tested, and then the metric characteristics of the scale were evaluated.Results:The split-half reliability of the total score of the scale was 0.95, the Cronbach αcoefficient was 0.92, and the test-retest correlation coefficient rwas 0.78. After extracting common factors by the principal component method and rotating with the maximum variance, the specific module obtained three principal components, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 64.18%. The score of specific module was 75.30±17.44 before treatment and 78.91±12.20 after treatment ( t=-2.481, P=0.015). The total score of scale before treatment was 65.26±12.29, and that after treatment was 69.62±10.41, with a statistically significant difference ( t=-4.492, P<0.001). The total responsiveness of the scale was 0.456, showing moderate responsiveness. Conclusion:QLICP-BN (V1.0) has good reliability, validity and a certain degree of responsiveness. It can be used as a measurement tool for the quality of life of patients with brain neoplasms in China.

Objective To derive a questionnaire to assess the risk of developing motor complications through a 3-year prospective investigation on 71 patients of Parkinson' s disease (PD) in the out clinic at our hospital.Methods Three years after the first assessment,71 PD out patients were reassessed using various scales,including Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale,Hoehn-Yahr grade,Mini Mental State Exam,Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale.Results The incidence of motor complications was 43.6％ (31/71).Logistic regression analysis showed that the prognostic factors for motor fluctuation were age of onset ≤ 54 (OR =6.4,95％ CI 1.7-24.5,P =0.006),the occurrence of swallowing difficulty (OR =3.8,95 ％ CI 1.0-14.1,P =0.04) and depression (OR =4.0,95 ％ CI 1.1-13.7,P =0.03),and the prognostic factors for dyskinesia were age of onset ≤54 (OR =48.5,95％ CI 1.9-121.0,P:0.02),the occurrence of falling (OR =64.1,95％ CI 2.9-142.2,P =0.008) and the daily levodopa dosage ＞ 600 mg(OR =17.5,95％ CI 1.1-276.2,P =0.04).Based on the regression model,the assessment questionnaire for motor complicationsincludes the followings:the questionnaire for motor fluctuations:the age of onset ≤54,2 points; the occurrence of swallowing difficulty,1 point; the occurrence of depression,1 point; the questionnaire for dyskinesia:the onset age ≤54,2 points; the occurrence of falling,3 points; daily levodopa dosage ＞ 600 mg,2 points.In all patients in this study,21.7％ (10/46) was asscssed to a total scorc of 0-1 which is associated with a low risk of motor fluctuation,8/16 had a score of 2 which is associated with intermediate risk and 8/9 got a score of 3-4 associated high risk; 10.2％ (5/49) had a score of 0-2,a low risk of dyskinesia,4/13 had a score of 3-4,a intermediate risk and 7/9 got a score of 5-7 which is associated with a high risk.Conclusions Age onset ≤54,the occurrence of swallowing difficulty,falling and depression,daily levodopa dosage ＞ 600 mg were considered to be the prognostic factors of motor complications in PD.The questionnaire may help to stratify PD patients into low-risk,medium-risk and high-risk groups for motor complications and the higher the score in the questionnaire is related to the higher risk of motor complications.

Objective To evaluate the olfactory function and its influence factors by using Sniffin ’ Sticks test, and to compare the quality of Parkinson ’s disease (PD) recognition between Sniffin’ Sticks and 16 kinds of odor identification in Sniffin ’ Sticks(SS-16) tests.Methods The Sniffin’Sticks test was used to assess the olfactory function of 68 PD patients and 76 healthy volunteers , and the relationship between smell and age, disease duration, Unified Parkinson’ s Disease Rating Scale score, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) rating, and cognitive function level (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) was analyzed.Results (1)The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in PD group (83.3%) was significantly higher than that in control group (21.2%).The Sniffin’ Sticks test showed that the odor threshold score (6.6 ±3.2, P=0.000), odor discrimination score (6.6 ±3.3, P=0.000), 16 kinds of odor identification score (6.8 ±2.4, P=0.000) in PD group were significantly lower than those in control group.( 2 ) When comparing the PD cases and healthy controls in recognition , the sensitivity and the specificity of the Sniffin ’ Sticks test were 0.897 and 0.737, respectively, similar to the SS-16 test.However, the Sniffin’ Sticks test showed advantage compared with odor threshold and odor discrimination.( 3 ) The olfactory score in PD group was positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.243, P=0.046), and was unrelated with age, gender, disease duration, and disease severity.The olfactory score in control group was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.270, P=0.018), but positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.281, P=0.014).Conclusions There is a higher incidence of olfactory dysfunction in PD patients than in control group.Sniffin’ Sticks test is superior to SS-16 test in quantitative and qualitative analysis of olfactory function in PD patients.Two tests both have high sensitivity and specificity in the recognition of PD .