Objective To understand the operation room nurses' job stress and mental health status and discuss the countermeasures to ease pressure. Methods 82 patients were selected from five hospitals from April to August 2010. We used symptom checklist, self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale and nurse' job stress scale to carry out the questionnaire survey. Results The pressure of operation room nurses were related with their mental health status. Conclusions Some problems existed in mental health and work stress in operation room nurses, which should be highly valued by operation room nursing managers.

Parkinson′s disease(PD)is a common disease caused by multiple factors and characterized by pathological degen?eration in the dopaminergic neural system. Based on its pathogenic factors,PD can be divided into several subtypes,so it is essential to develop therapeutic agents based on the main pathogenic factor of each subtype of PD. Recently it is confirmed that the mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)gene leads to increased activity of the LRRK2 notably,and then causes neurodegeneration. Thus developing LRRK2 inhibitors to modulate the kinase activity will be a novel therapy for the PD subtype which is caused by LRRK2 gene mutation. LRRK2,either a kinase or a GTPase,has two drug binding sites. Therefore,two types of LRRK2 inhibitors are being studied,one is the kinase inhibitor and the other is GTPase inhibitor. This paper summarizes the recent progress in the dis?covery and development of LRRK2 inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE:To promote essential drug list into practice.METHODS:Relevant problems on the selection of National Essential Drug List were explored and analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:There are some problems on coordination of safety and effectiveness of drugs,price and the selection of traditional Chinese medicine.The advantage of first choice of essential drugs is not reflected completely.Large or small problems exist in selection process and individual drug verification.There was low credibility of drug evaluation.On the whole,the selection and formulation of essential drug list should be adjusted and improved continuously to guarantee the requirement of public medication.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the problems of TCM injection included in Primary Medical Institutions Parts of National Essential Drugs List(2009 edition).METHODS:Danshen injection was taken as an example.The chemical composition of it (including water-soluble ingredients,fat-soluble components,other types of compounds,inorganic elements,proteins,tannins,polysaccharides,volatile oil),adverse reactions and quality standards were analyzed to investigate the problems of TCM injection included in Primary Medical Institutions Parts of National Essential Drugs List(2009 edition).RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Complex chemical composition of TCM injection and poor controlled quality standards require the further study.Because the safety of TCM injection is difficult to be guaranteed,it is necessary that reevaluation,research,consolidation of TCM injection.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effects of polydatin on renal fibrosis in rats and its mechanism. METH-ODS:50 rats was were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,positive group(benazepril,5 mg/kg)and poly-datin high-dose and low-dose groups(100,50 mg/kg),with 10 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group,renal fibrosis model was induced by unilateral ureter obstruction. After modeling,administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastri-cally,and sham operation group and model group were given 0.5%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution once a day for consec-utive 4 weeks. The pathological change of renal tissue was scored. 24 h urinary protein and serum levels of urea nitrogen and creati-nine were determined,and the content of hydroxyproline,mRAN expression of TGF-β1 and FN were detected in renal tissue. RE-SULTS:Compared with sham operation group,pathological score,24 h urinary protein,serum levels of urea nitrogen and creati-nine,the content of hydroxyproline in renal tissue,mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and FN were all increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with model group,24 h urinary protein,serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine and mRNA expression of FN in renal tissue decreased significantly in administation groups;the pathology scores,the content of hydroxyproline in renal tis-sue and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 of positive group and polydatin high-dose group were all decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Polydatin can prevent kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction,the mechanism of which may be associated with the mRNA expression down-regulation of TGF-β1 and FN in renal tissue.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum vasohibin-1(VASH-1)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients at different stages of urinary albumin to creatinineratio(UACR)and to attempt to investigate the relationship between VASH-1 and inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy(DN), one of the microvascular complications of T2DM. Methods 486 patients with T2DMwere divided into four groups:normal albuminuria [ UACR<30 mg/ g, n = 134], microalbuminuria [ UACR at 30-300 mg/ g, n = 122], clinical albuminuria [UACR > 300 mg/ g, n = 106 ], and clinical albuminuria hypertensive [ UACR > 300 mg/ g, with hypertension, n=124] groups. Age, course, serum levels ofVASH1, inflammation markers(CRP, ESR)and fibrosis marker( TGF-β1) with other biochemical indicators were measured, and 130 normal control subjects were also included. Results Compared with normal control group, the levels of UACR, HbA1C ,ESR, CRP, TGF-β1 and VASH-1 in groups ofnormal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, clinical albuminuria, and clinical albuminuria hypertensive were significantly higher(P<0. 05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that levels of VASH-1 were positively correlated with UACR, HbA1C ,ESR, CRPand TGF-β1( r = 0. 521, 0. 261, 0. 519, 0. 523, 0. 479, P<0. 001), while multivariate regression analysis showed that levels of UACR, HbA1C ,ESR, CRP and TGF-β1 were important factors affecting serum VASH-1 levels. Conclusion Serum levels of VASH-1 may become new biomarkers of early diagnosis of DN. Consequently, VASH-1 level may provide a new pattern and direction of inflammation and fibrosis for consideration in diabetic kidney damage.

ObjectiveTo make ultrasound anatomy teaching samples of odynopoeia fetus heart with complex abnormity consistent with echocardiographic view,and utilize them in echo teaching.MethodsTen odynopoeia foetus hearts were cutted comparing to different echocardiographic imaging respectively.Results Dissections of fetus heart were obtained including 5 cases of single cardiac ventricle(2 case with interruption of aortic arch),4 cases of double outlet of right ventricular,and 1 case of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with serious coarctation of the aorta.The apical long axis view,the three blood vessel view,as well as the long axis view of the aortic arch were typical views of ultrasound diagnosis and teaching.ConclusionsIt is profit to raise and accurate rate of fetus echocardiography diagnosis by studying dissection of fetus heart anatomic structure with complex abnormity,which would make ultrasound imaging visualization.

Objective To study the incidence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and its impact on the clinical manifestations of patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD). Methods One hundred and twenty-four PD patients were included into this study and each of them was given the non motor symptoms questionnaire (NMSquest) to investigate the incidence of RBD. The PD patients were then divided into the RBD group and non RBD group, according to their answers to the NMSquest. Then the clinical differences were investigated between PD patients with and without RBD on the aspects of demographic characters, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, the scores of Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) sub-items, the incidence of non motor symptoms, and the dysfunctions of non motor systems (cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression and sleep disorders ). The evaluation tools of non motor functions include Mini Mental State Exam ( MMSE), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Parkins' s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results ( 1 ) 62.9% (78/124) of the PD patients have been experiencing RBD. (2) The course of the disease in RBD group ( 3.8 ± 2.8 ) was significantly shorter than non RBD group (5.0 ± 2.5, t = - 1. 972, P = 0. 048 ) while the sex, age, onset age and the mode of onset, Levodopa dose equivalents (LDE) and the kinds of medicines showed no difference between the two groups. (3) H-Y stage, the scores of UPDRS sub-items and the incidence of motor complications showed no difference between RBD and non RBD group. (4) Most of the non motor symptoms, including the gastrointestinal dysfunctions, autonomic dysfunctions, mood disorders and sleep disturbances, occurred much frequently in RBD group, however, the scores of MMSE, HAMD, HAMA,PDSS and ESS showed no difference between the RBD and non RBD group. Conclusion RBD commonly occurred in PD patients, and PD patients with RBD have a tendency to suffer from dysfunction of non motor systems.

Objective To investigate the changes in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) number in peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral infarction and after Naoxintong treatment.Methods Sixty patients were selected as subject and randomly divided into aspirin group and aspirin (30 patients) + Naoxintong group (30 patients).Meanwhile 30 patients without cerebral infarction were served as control group The number of peripheral blood EPCs were detected by flow cytometry at different time point.NIH-NINDS stroke score was used to elevate the neurological function.Results Compared with the control group,number of peripheral blood EPCs significantly decreased in the early stage of acute cerebral infarction (P ＜ 0.05),and then gradually increased until 7th day,which was back to the normal level.There was a positive correlation between improvement of NIHSS and number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.Compared with aspirin group,the number of peripheral blood EPCs in Naoxintong group increased sigrificanfly [41.40 ±0.18/million cells vs 41.40 ±0.18/million cells] at 14th day in patients treated with aspirin and Naoxintong.Conclusion The number of peripheral blood EPCs showed a U shape dynamic change in acute cerebral infarctior.Increase the number of peripheral blood EPCs might improve prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.On the basis of routine treatment of aspirin,Naoxintong plus aspirin treatment might improve the number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.

267 newly-diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into normoalbuminuria group [group N-UAlb, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR)<30 mg/g, n=103], microalbuminuria group(group M-UAlb, UACR 30~300 mg/g, n=88 ) , and macroalbuminuria group ( group L-UAlb, UACR>300 mg/g, n=76). The control group(group NC) consisted of 114 healthy individuals. Serum betatrophin, adiponectin(APN), and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) levels were determined with ELISA methods and the parameters of body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), OGTT 2h plasma glucose(2hPG), fasting insulin(FINS), OGTT 2h postprandial insulin(2hPINS), fasting C-peptide(FCP), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistant index(HOMA-IR), and blood lipid were collected. Compared with group NC, the serum betatrophin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes were obviously increased. In patients with type 2 diabetes, betatrophin levels increased along with the increase of UACR and there were significant differences in betatrophin among the three groups(P<0. 01). Betatrophin positively correlated with UACR, HbA1C, FPG, 2hPG, FINS, 2hPINS, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, and TG( r were 0. 785, 0. 225, 0. 136, 0. 241, 0. 386, 0. 223, 0. 411, 0.216,0.193,and0.298,allP<0.05),and betatrophin were also positively correlated with APN and IL-1β(rwere 0. 643 and 0. 710, both P<0. 01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that UACR, HbA1C, FINS, and TG were independent relevant factors affecting betatrophin levels.