Puberty is an important developmental stage that leads to sexual maturation and reproductive capability. Genetic factors play a significant role in regulating the variation of pubertal timing. Recent genetic analysis are increasingly elucidating the genetic basis of disorders of pubertal timing such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. Ongoing studies are also investigating the genetic control of puberty in the general population, although no genetic loci have been reproducibly associated with pubertal timing thus far. This review summarizes an update of the genes implicated in disorders of puberty,discusses genes that may be involved in the timing of normal puberty.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP)in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods AIDS patients with PCP were searched through computer medical record information system,clinical data were analyzed retrospectively,patients were divided into respiratory failure group (n= 1 1 )and non-respiratory failure group (n= 1 2 ),partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood(PaO2 ),degree of blood oxygen saturation(SaO2 ),CD4+T lymphocyte,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) between two groups were compared. Results 23 patients generally had the symptoms of weight loss,oral leukoplakia, shortness of breath,dyspnea,fever,cough,and expectoration. PaO2 value in 23 patients was (78.65±30.85)mmHg,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)was (24.42±5.60)mmHg,pH value was(7.43±0.79),SaO2 was (91.16±9.55)% ;SaO2 and PaO2 in respiratory failure group was lower than non-respiratory failure group,the difference was significant (both P<0.05).Lung computed tomography (CT)scans showed bilateral pulmonary ground-glass-like change. 21 patients used compound sulfamethoxazole tablets,1 patient used compound sulfamethoxazole tablets plus clindamycin,1 patient used only clindamycin,17 patients used glucocorticoid in addition to compound sulfamethoxazole;after treatment,20 patients improved,2 died,and 1 gave up treatment.Conclusion Subacute progressive dyspnea,fever,dry cough,and lung ground-glass-like shadow are common symptoms of PCP in AIDS patients,compound sulfamethoxazole or compound sulfamethoxazole with clindamycin can be used for treatment,glucocorticoid can obviously alleviate the symptoms of patients.

AIM: To consummate the quality standard for Naolibao Pill. METHODS: Fructus Schisandrae sphenantherae,Rhizoma Acori tatarinowii,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Vitamin E were identified by one TLC at lock in time.The Diamonsil C_(18) column was used mobile phases: methanol-isopropanol(70∶30),flow rate:1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength:284 nm for determining vitamin E;mobile phases:0.5% glacial acetic acid,flow rate:1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength:246 nm for determining Vitamin B_1. The content of Vitamin E and Vitamin B_1 were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The average recoveries of added sample were 99.96% and 99.54%(RSD were 1.66% and 1.87%). CONCLUSION: The methods are accurate with a good reproducibility.They could be used for quality control of Naolibao Pill.

Objective: To expound the effect of Yiwei Ning in treating endometriosis through measuring Fas/FasL protein expression.Method:The female Wistar rats were divided into five groups randomly.After 8 weeks of administration,expression of Fas/FasL protein were determined.Results: There were significant difference in the positive expression of Fas/FasL protein between Yiwei Ning group and the control group(P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the toxicological effect of patulin(PAT)on the growth of human normal liver cells L-02 and its possible mechanisms. METHODS After cells were treated with PAT 1.25, 2.5,5,10 and 20μmol·L-1 for 24 or 48 h,cell viability was examined using MTT assay. L-02 cells were treated with PAT 5 and 10 μmol · L- 1 for 24 h ,respectively. Cytomorphology and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Apoptosis,MMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS)were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondria apoptosis pathways were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS PAT exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on L-02 in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. IC50 of PAT treatment for 24 or 48 h was 6.61 and 2.78 μmol · L-1,respectively. MMP was decreased,while the percentage of low MMP cells increased from(9.2±2.3)%in controls to(23.4±4.5)%( PAT 5μmol·L-1)and(47.1±5.5)%(PAT 10μmol·L-1), respectively. Compared to untreated cells,the early apoptosis population increased from(3.8±1.1)%to(29.8±4.5)%( PAT 5μmol·L-1)and (24.1±6.2)%(PAT 10μmol·L-1)(P<0.01),respectively. Further?more,the accumulation of ROS was also observed. The effect of PAT on ROS and cell viabilities could be attenuated by glutathione. CONCLUSION PAT can significantly inhibit the growth of L-02 and induce apoptosis via ROS-dependent mitochondria pathways.

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) was used to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of Dendrobium officinale. A total of 15 primer pairs with stable and repeatable polymorphism were screened out from 60 SSR primer pairs developed by the method of microsatellite enrichment by magnetic beads. Forty-eight samples of Dendrobium officinale were analyzed in genetic polymorphism. These loci were polymorphic and displayed 3 to 9 alleles per locus with a mean number of 6.1. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.60 to 0.85 and from 0.49 to 0.85 respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of each SSR locus varied from 0.437 to 0.829 with an average of 0.702. Fifteen primer pairs were used in Dendrobium cross-species amplification and totally 13 primer pairs were proved to have the transferability in D. officinale related species. In addition, 500 tissue culture plantlets of D. officinale were tested for purity identification by means of PCR amplification with four SSR primer pairs. The results showed that SSR technique is a feasible, simple and inexpensive method for determining adulterants in germplasm identification.

The different levels and clinical significance of high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP) , tumor necrosis factor-a ( TNF-α) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) , and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (uMCP-1) in 84 type 2 diabetic patients with different urine albumin excretion (UAE) were observed. The results indicated that the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α,urinary MCP-1 ,and ESR in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in control group,and the first three indexes increased with the levels of UAE. The results suggest that diabetic nephropathy seems to be correlated with inflammatory reactions.

Objective To investigate the pattern of plasma kisspeptin levels in normal female during various pubertal Tanner stages and the girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP) or with premature thelarche(PT), and to evaluate the significance of detecting plasma kisspeptin levels as a new criterion for early differentiation between ICPP and PT.Methods Each study group of normal pubertal females with Tanner stage Ⅰ to Ⅴ comprised 16 to 19 individuals.The levels of plasma kisspeptin were also detected in girls with ICPP(n= 10)or PT(n = 12).The plasma kisspeptin levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The level of kisspeptin was significantly higher in ICPP group than in that of PT group [(1.73±0.23 vs1.43±0.29) ng/ml, P＜0.05].Among the normal pubertal females, the level of kisspeptin decreased gradually from Tanner stage Ⅱ to Tanner stage Ⅴ, being highest in Tanner stage Ⅱ [(1.73±0.22) ag/ml] ,lower in stage Ⅳ and Ⅴ than in stage Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P＜0.01).Conclusions Plasma kisspeptin level was the highest during Tanner stage Ⅱ in normal female pubertal development.It is significant to detect plasma kisspeptin level for the differential diagnosis of ICPP and PT.

BACKGROUND:Metabolic syndrome greatly harms the human body, and is affected by many factors. Through constructing diet-induced animal models, we can better analyze the relationship between nutritional factor and metabolic syndrome, and provide reliable references for the clinical treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE:To construct obese mouse models with high-fat diet feeding and discuss the relationship between nutritional factor and metabolic syndrome. METHODS:Thirty mice were selected and randomly divided into model group (n=20) and control group (n=10), and were fed with high-fat and normal animal feeds for 10 consecutive weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, after 1 week of feeding with high-fat animal feeds, body weight of mice in the model group raised, and differences gradualy increased with the feeding time increased. After 8 weeks of feeding, body mass index of mice in the model group significantly raised (P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of feeding, fasting venous blood glucose level of mice in the model group significantly raised, and showed a gradual rise trend with feeding time. After 5 weeks of feeding, fasting insulin level of mice in the model group also began to rise. The oral glucose tolerance test showed that mice in the model group showed a gradual downward trend of glucose tolerance with feeding time. After 8 weeks of feeding, serum levels of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the model group significantly raised (P < 0.05). After 10 weeks of feeding, serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the model group raised (P< 0.05). The results demonstrate that obese mouse models were successfuly constructed with high-fat diet feeding, which can simulate the natural progression of metabolic syndrome in human, moreover, the nutritional factor is closely related to metabolic syndrome.

A total of 185 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were consisted of male group (n =95) and postmenopausal female group (n =90).The parameters of fasting plasma glucose,HbA1c,fasting insulin,fasting C peptide,homeostasis model assessment insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β),blood lipid,body mass index,and waist to hip ratio were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis.The relationships between osteocalcin and these parameters were investigated.The results revealed that osteocalcin was negatively correlated with HbA1C (P＜0.05),and osteocalcin was an independent relevant factor affecting HbA1Clevels.Osteocalcin may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in T2DM.