Objective To study the clinical features, laboratory findings and therapy of patients with bullous pemphigoid. Methods Clinical data of 89 cases of bullous pemphigoid were retrospectively analyzed. Results The male female ratio was 1.07∶1. The mean age of first onset was 58 years old. Patients presented erythema multiforme and dermatitis herpetiformis like lesions besides typical bullae and erythema. Oral mucosal lesions occurred in 33.7% of patients, and oral bullae and erosions were the inital symptoms in 6.7% of patients. Nikolsky′s sign was present in 18% of patients. Direct and indirect immunoflorescence were positive in 95% and 74.4% of patients, respectively. The patients were mainly treated with corticosteroids or the combination of corticosteroids with immunosuppressive agents. The mean dose of coricosteroid needed to control lesions was 65.5 mg (equivalent of prednisone), except patients treated with pulse therapy of corticosteroids. Conclusions Histopathological and immunofluorescent findings are the most important evidence for the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. The maximum doses needed to control lesions vary greatly in different individuals.

Objective To study the protective effect of TMP(Tetramethylpyrazine) on LPS(Lipopolysaccharides)-induced inflammatory response of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (HAECⅡ) and its corresponding mechanism.Methods HAECⅡ (A549 cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma cells) were cultured in vitro.Inflammation model was established using A549 cells after LPS stimulation.TMP and FK866 (a specific inhibitor for pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor), were added to intervene respectively.Expression level of mRNA, inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and PBEF(pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor) were detected by q-PCR and Western blot, respectively.The activation of NF-κB(Nuclear factor κB) was examined by Western blot to find the changes in phosphorylated P65 protein level in both nucleus and cytoplasm.Results Both the mRNA and protein level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and PBEF in A549 cells were significantly higher after LPS stimulation than those in the control group(P<0.001).Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of P65 protein in the nucleus and cytoplas was higher(P<0.001).The expression of the aforementioned inflammatory factors and the phosphorylation of P65 protein were significantly lower after TMP inter-vention than those of LPS group(P<0.05).In comparison, after FK866 was added, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 and the phosphorylation of P65 protein were also decreased(P<0.01).Conclusions TMP may be involved in the reduction of PBEF expression, which therefore inhibits NF-κB activation, antagonizes alveolar epithelial cell inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the effect of L-carnitine (LCN) on heart function following myocardial contusion in mongrel dogs.Methods Twenty-four male mongrel dogs were randomly divided into myocardial contusion group,low dose LCN group (LCN1 group),and high dose LCN group (LCN2 group) with 8 dogs per group,according to the random number table.The model of myocardial contusion was established in all groups.LCN1 and LCN2 groups were respectively treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg LCN for three consecutive days before the injury and afterward.Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular ± dp/dt were recorded 30 min before injury,and 30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h as well as 6 h after injury.Blood samples were withdrawn from femoral vein to detect the levels of creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB),cardiac troponin I (cTnI),and malondialdehyde (MDA).Wall motion score index (WMSI) was observed using the ultrasound examination 1 day before and 5 hours after injury.Myocardial tissue was available at 6 hours after injury for the examination of content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).Results LVSP and ± dp/dtmax appeared a downward trend after injury,while a gradual increase in LVEDP.And the changes were relatively smaller with LCN intervention,especially in LCN2 group.Levels of CK-MB,cTnI and MDA increased after injury,but the same time point showed lower levels in LCN groups (especially in LCN2 group) as compared to myocardial contusion group (P ＜ 0.05).WMSI increased 5 hours after the injury,but the increase was higher in myocardial contusion group (2.46 ±0.31) than that in LCN1 group (1.91 ± 0.23) and LCN2 group (1.85 ± 0.25) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in WMSI between the two LCN groups (P ＞ 0.05).Level of ATP in myocardial contusion group was (11.3 ± 1.6) μg/g,which was improved after LCN intervention (P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement was much higherin LCN2 group than in LCN1 group[(21.3±3.9) ug/g vs (15.7±2.8)ug/g] (P＜0.05).Conclusion LCN can alleviate the adverse effect of myocardial contusion on cardiac function in mongrel dogs,which may be associated with the reduced energy imbalance induced by LCN.

Objective To investigate the characteristics,treatment and prognosis of Rowell's syndrome.Methods Clinical data were collected from 6 inpatients with Rowell's syndrome from July 2009 to July 2015,and retrospectively analyzed.Results All the patients were female,of them,2 developed skin lesions after sun exposure,2 had medication history,1 had Staphylococcus aureus infection before occurrence of skin lesions,and 1 had no obvious precipitating factor.Skin lesions spread from the face to the whole body in 4 cases,from the dorsal hauds to the whole body in 1 case,and were confined to the face,both hands and feet in 1 case.All the 6 patients had chilblain-like lesions in the digit tips,and 5 patients had fever.Among these patients,6 were positive for antinuclear antibodies (granular pattern),4 for anti-Sm antibodies,5 for anti-U 1RNP antibodies,4 for anti-SSA antibodies,2 for anti-dsDNA antibodies,and 1 was positive for both anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies.Histopathological examination revealed hyperkeratinization,mild hyperplasia,partial necrosis,many dyskeratocytes,liquifaction degeneration of basal cells in the epidermis,and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes in the superficial dermis.After admission,1 patient was finally diagnosed with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE),and 5 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).All the 6 patients were treated with prednisone at a dose of 0.6-1.0 mg·kg-1 ·d-1,and 1 was also treated with gamma globulin (200 mg/d).During the process of glucocorticoid tapering,hydroxychloroquine was administered at 0.2 g twice a day.During 1-year follow-up,neither erythema multiform nor chilblain-like lesions recurred in 5 patients,and 1 patient was lost to follow-up.Conclusions Rowell's syndrome frequently occurs in women.Glucocorticoids are a mainstay of its treatment,and their tapering should be slower in patients with Rowell's syndrome than in those with lupus erythematosus.

A numerical model is developed in this paper to calculate the bending moments of flexural members through integration in 3D solid finite element analyses according to the nonlinear constitutive model of concrete and the elastoplastic constitutive model of steel, utilizing the stress condition of the cross-section, considering the destruction characteristic of reinforced concrete members, and based on the plane cross-section assumption. The results of this model give good agreement with those of the classical method. Consequently, we can also deduce the corresponding numerical expression for eccentrically loaded members according to the analysis method.

Objectives To establish an experimental model for Th1 typ e shifting and meet the requirements of studying on the mechanisms of some immun omodulators. Methods The levels of cytokines, IL-12, IFN-ice were detected by using ELISA. Sple en cells of the BALB/c mice were incubated under the following conditions: with different concentrations of T cell mitogen ConA (1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.125 mg/mL), mononuclear phagocyte system activator LPS (50 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 0. 5 mg/mL) or LPS (50 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL) combined with 0.25 mg/mL ConA. Re sults LPS could induce the production of IL-12 from spleen cells. The lowest concentration that ConA could induce the measurable production of IFN-rom sp leen cells was 0.25 mg/mL. When different concentrations of LPS were combined wi th 0.25 mg/mL ConA, LPS could accelerate the production of IFN- and positively with that of IL-12. Conclusion LPS combined with ConA can induce the activation of spleen cells from mice towards Th1 type response.

ObjectiveTo compare three types of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection mouse models established through different infection routes and to set up the theoretical basis for further developing,selecting and applying these animal model in the tuberculosis-related research.MethodsStandard strain of Tubercle bacillus H37Rv was diluted to 1 × 106 colony forming unit (cfu)/mL.The mice were infected with the bacteria through different routes including intravenous injection,intranasal administration and inhalation of bacteria aerosol.Six weeks after the infection,the mice were euthaniz ed and necropsied. The lung tissues were collected and gross changes were observed.The colony counting was performed and the lung tissues were assessed by HE staining,acid fast staining.The e xpression level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α per unit area in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed by t test. Results The amounts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lung tissues of mice in inhalation group,intranasal administration group and intravenous injection group were (6.290±0.028),(6.150±0.021) and (6.120±0.008) lg cfu/mL,respectively; while no Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in control group. The difference between infection group and control group was statistically significant (t =3.762,P＜0.01),while there were no significant differences among infection groups with different infection routes (P＞0.05).According to the results of gross observations and histological assessment,the pathological changes were observed and red tubercle bacillus was detected by acid-fast staining in the lung tissues of all the mice in infection group.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of TNF-α per unit area were as follows:intravenous injection group (0.049 × 106 )＜intranasal administration group(0.759×106) ＜ inhalationgroup(1.042×106), whichwere statistically different (t =2.504,P＜ 0.05).ConclusionInhalation of bacteria aerosol may be the most efficient method to establish tuberculosis infection mouse model compared to intravenous injection and intranasal administration.

Objective To develop a novel padlock probe and rolling circle amplification(RCA) to detect 5 common cell culture contaminant Mollicute( Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycomplasma orale, and Acholeplasma laidlawii ). Methods "Universal" primers ( SPS1, SPA2 and SPS2, SPA1) were used to amplify the Mollicute 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region.Amplicon was ligate Mollicute specific padlock probe. Probe amplified and monitored using a Corbett RotorGeneTM 6000 machine. Results Five reference Mollicute strains were correctly detected by RCA method.There was no cross-reaction. RCA method can sensitive detect 10 copies templates and show strong positive signal. Sixty-two cell culture specimens were detected. Thirty-seven samples were contained single specie Mollicute and 14 samples contained two Mollicutes. Eleven samples did not contained Mollicute. RCA detection results were concordant with previously species-specific PCR. Conclusion RCA can rapid, sensitive and specific detect contamination Mollicute.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of bicyclol tablets on drug-induced hepatic injury in patients with severe psoriasis.Methods One hundred and six patients with severe psoriasis and drug-induced hepatic injury were enrolled in this study,and randomly divided into 2 groups:bicyclol group (53 cases) treated with oral bicyclol tablets (25 mg thrice a day) for 8 weeks,diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (53 cases) treated with diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules (150 mg thrice a day) for 8 weeks.Serum biochemical indices of hepatic function were measured before and after treatment,therapeutic efficacy was evaluated,and adverse reactions were observed and recorded after treatment.Intergroup and intragroup differences in these parameters were assessed.Results During the treatment,3 patients were lost to follow up.After treatment,serum biochemical indices of hepatic function markedly improved in both the bicyclol group (52 cases) and diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (51 cases) (both P ＜ 0.01),and the bicyclol group showed a better treatment response than the diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (P ＜ 0.01).The marked response rate was 71.15％ and 47.06％ (P ＜ 0.05),and the response rate was 84.62％ and 66.67％ (P ＜ 0.05),respectively,in the bicyclol group and diammonium glycyrrhizinate group.No adverse reactions related to tested drugs were observed in either of the two groups.Conclusion Bicyclol can attenuate antipsoriatic drug-induced hepatic injury with good safety.

AIM: To explore the feasibility of bone tissue regeneration guidance with the frozen heterogeneous periosteum. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the animal laboratory of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from March to December 2002. ①Preparation of the frozen heterogeneous periosteum: The fresh pigs' cranial or rib bone periosteum was taken and washed with saline solution repeatedly, then defatted by immersion in 0.75 volume fraction alcohol, followed by frozen in the liquor of nitrogen for 10 minutes repeatedly for 3 times. After irradiated under ?-ray up to the amount of 3 kGy, the created membrane was placed in refrigerator for using. ②Surgical procedure: Two artificial mandibular bone defects were performed in 30 adult Japanese white big ear rabbits. One defect was covered with the created membrane as the experimental group, while another as the control group. ③Index observation: The rabbits were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks postoperatively for macroscopic, radiographic and histopathological observation. RESULTS: All 30 rabbits were involved in the result analysis. ①Macroscopic examination of the two groups: At the eighth week, guiding membrane was observed with irregular border. The experiment group was flat and stiff, while the control group was restored but with soft bone; at the twelfth week, the guiding membrane and surrounding border were unclear, but still could be observed. The newly bone of the experiment group was flat and stiff, while the control group was soft with hollow. ②Histopathological examination: At the eighth week, the new-formed bone in the margin of defect area of the experimental group grew intensively and the inflammatory cells in grafted membrane disappeared; intramembrane fiber was found oedema and broken; at the twelfth week, the trabecular bone of the experimental group was thick and arranged regularly. However, in the control group, the newly formed bone was little in the defect, and the trabecular bone was thinner compared with the experimental group. No evidence of inflammatory reactions was apparent, meanwhile the membrane degraded gradually. ③Radiograph examination: The bone density of the experimental group was greater than the control group at 4 and 8 weeks, and had no significant difference as to the vicinity bone at 12 and 16 weeks; on the other hand, the density of the control group was still lower. CONCLUSION: The frozen heterogeneous periosteum is a useful guiding membrane material for tissue regeneration, because it has no obvious rejection action in body, and could maintain its shape for 8-12 weeks, prevent the fiber tissue from growing into the wound surface, separate different cells and guide tissue regeneration.