Objective:To establish an experimental autogenous oxygenator cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs.Methods:Sixteen mongrel dogs were used.Under intravenous anesthesia and artificial respiration,thoracotomy and cardiac cannulations were performed:right atrium cannulation and pulmonary artery cannulation,connecting to reservoir and pump,the right heart bypass system was established;left atrium and ascending aotra cannulation,connecting to reservoir,heat exchanger and pump,the left heart bypass was established.Results:The experimental model was established successfully in fifteen dogs and one failed.Conclusion:The susscessful establishment of this experimental model depends on skillful cannulation,balance of left and right circulation,appropriate body temperature.

Objective:To introduce the clinical experiences of repairing ventricular septal defect through right subaxillary minithoracotomy and to evaluate it's clinical effect.Methods:46 cases of VSD were repaired through right subaxillary minithoracotomy.The sizes of the defects varied from 0.4～0.8cm in diameter and all of them were membranous or conventricular defects.The average age was 7.1 ys.Results:There was no operative death or complication.The lenth of incision varied from 5～10cm.Cardiopulmonary bypass time were 21～42 minutes.Postoperative hospitalized time were 6 to 10 days.Conclusion:Repairing of ventricular septal defect through subaxillary minithoracotomy have the advantages of minimal trauma,hidden incision and quicker recovery.

Objective:To investigate lung injury and protective effect of autogenous oxygenator cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) on lung after CPB.Methods:24 adult mongrels (weight 15?1kg) were randomly divided into two groups,12 for experimental group,in which the dog's own lung was used as oxygenator;12 for control group,in which the artificial lung (bubble oxygenator) was used as oxygenator.Leukocyte count of right atrium and left atrium,difference of transpulmonary leukocyte,the pulmonary artery pressure,and the oxygen pressure of artery were measured during the perioperative period.And lung biopsies were obtained before and after CPB in both groups for microscope pathological examination.Results:Autogenous oxygenator CPB technique could provide satisfactory oxygenation during CPB.The oxygen pressure after CPB was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group at different time points( P

Objective:To study the protective effects of autogenous oxygenator cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) for ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung.Methods:16 adult mongrels(15?1Kg)were randomly divided into tow groups: 8 for experimental group in which the dog's own lung was used as oxygenator;8 for control group in which the bubly oxygenator was used.The tectniques of myocardium protection and cardiac arrest were the same in both groups(cold crystalline cardioplegia).The CPB was controlled running for 1 hour in both groups.The amount of leukocytes(samples of right atrium and left atrium),the pulmonary artery pressure,the oxygen pressure were measured at the time point of before CPB at and the 5th,30~(th),60~(th) and 90~(th) minute after CPB in both groups.And the ratio of leukocyte was calculated.Lung biopsies were obtained before and after CPB in both groups for microscope pathological examination.Results:Autogenous oxygenator CPB technique can provide satisfactory oxygenation during CPB.The ratio of leukocyte after CPB was significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group at different time points(P

Bilingual education is an imporant teaching reform in universities. In recent years, cardiothoracic department has enacted the practice and exploration for bilingual teaching of cardiothoracic surgery. By creating high-quality teaching team, improving teaching methods and quality, creating bilingual learning environment, we have achieved satisfactory teaching effect.

Combined with the features of clinical practice teaching of cardiothoracic surgery ,we discuss how to improve the quality of clinical practice teaching of cardiothoracic surgery and strengthen the cultivation of medicos'capability and diathesis,thus correctly guiding medicos to finish their interim study commendably and change their roles from students to doctors.

Objective To investigate the effect of L-carnitine (LCN) on heart function following myocardial contusion in mongrel dogs.Methods Twenty-four male mongrel dogs were randomly divided into myocardial contusion group,low dose LCN group (LCN1 group),and high dose LCN group (LCN2 group) with 8 dogs per group,according to the random number table.The model of myocardial contusion was established in all groups.LCN1 and LCN2 groups were respectively treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg LCN for three consecutive days before the injury and afterward.Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular ± dp/dt were recorded 30 min before injury,and 30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h as well as 6 h after injury.Blood samples were withdrawn from femoral vein to detect the levels of creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB),cardiac troponin I (cTnI),and malondialdehyde (MDA).Wall motion score index (WMSI) was observed using the ultrasound examination 1 day before and 5 hours after injury.Myocardial tissue was available at 6 hours after injury for the examination of content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).Results LVSP and ± dp/dtmax appeared a downward trend after injury,while a gradual increase in LVEDP.And the changes were relatively smaller with LCN intervention,especially in LCN2 group.Levels of CK-MB,cTnI and MDA increased after injury,but the same time point showed lower levels in LCN groups (especially in LCN2 group) as compared to myocardial contusion group (P ＜ 0.05).WMSI increased 5 hours after the injury,but the increase was higher in myocardial contusion group (2.46 ±0.31) than that in LCN1 group (1.91 ± 0.23) and LCN2 group (1.85 ± 0.25) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in WMSI between the two LCN groups (P ＞ 0.05).Level of ATP in myocardial contusion group was (11.3 ± 1.6) μg/g,which was improved after LCN intervention (P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement was much higherin LCN2 group than in LCN1 group[(21.3±3.9) ug/g vs (15.7±2.8)ug/g] (P＜0.05).Conclusion LCN can alleviate the adverse effect of myocardial contusion on cardiac function in mongrel dogs,which may be associated with the reduced energy imbalance induced by LCN.

Objective To investigate the existence of pulmonary vascular remodeling after left pneumonectomy in rats and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-lα( HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, 12 in each group.The rat models of pulmonary vascular remodeling were created by open-chest left pneumonectomy.After 12 weeks of feeding, the mean pulmonary artery pressure ( mPAP) and partial pressure of arterial oxygen ( PaO2 ) of each rat were measured.The ultrastructure of small arteries in the lung specimens were examined by e-lectron microscopy.Muscularized degree of three kinds of small pulmonary vessels ( muscularized artery MA, partially mus-cularized artery PMA, and non-muscularized artery NMA) were observed by light microscopy, and the percentage of each kind of pulmonary arteries ( MA%, PMA%, NMA%) were calculated.Arterial external diameter, media thickness of ves-sel ( MTV) , total vascular area, media area of vessel ( MAV) , MTV%and MAV%were calculated as indicators of pul-monary vascular remodeling.The expressions of HIF-1αand VEGF in artery were detected by immunohistochemistry.Re-sults The values of mPAP, MA%, PMA%, MTV, MAV, MTV% and MAV% in the experimental group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), but the value of PaO2 and NMA%were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01).The IOD value of HIF-1αand VEGF expressed in the pulmonary arterial wall of the experimental group were 26.47 ±4.16 and 42.04 ±3.79, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control group (6.12 ±2.14 and 11.53 ±2.29, P<0.01).Linear correlation analysis showed that the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF was positively correlated with MTV% and MAV%, negatively correlated with PaO2 , and the HIF-1αexpression was posi-tively correlated with VEGF expression.Conclusions A rat model of pulmonary vascular remodeling can be successfully established by left pneumonectomy.Hypoxia is a key factor in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling, HIF-1αand VEGF may play an important role in its pathogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of de-addiction with the therapy of acupuncture, acupuncture plus opium, opium plus buprenorphine and opium plus Han's instrument for de-addiction and to study the effects of the four therapeutic methods on the protracted withdrawal syndrome and craving. METHODS: The effects of de-addiction were assessed with the opiate withdrawal scale and the craving degree with visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: The dominance of acupuncture treatment for withdrawal syndrome appeared to be after the 6th day, and the dominance for controlling craving showed after the 8th day, moreover, there were little side effects. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture treatment had the potentiality of preventing relapse and could be used for treating the protracted withdrawal syndrome and psychic dependence during the period between the stages of abstinence and rehabilitation.

Objective To assay the early quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and relating influential factors in patients with severe blunt chest trauma (sBCT).Methods Demographic and clinical data of sBCT patients treated between January 2011 and December 2011 were collected.Early quality of life and PTSD symptom level at posttraumatic months 1,3,and 6 were analyzed by using short form 36 health survey (SF-36) and impact of event scale-revised (IES-R) respectively.Furthermore,logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with quality of life of the patients.Results A total of 107 patients were included in the study.Ultimately,83 patients were available to the 6-month follow-up.A low score for SF-36 remained at posttraumatic 6 months and one-third of the 83 patients sustained mild or severe PTSD symptoms.Major influential factors to posttraumatic quality of life included age,ISS ≥ 20,combined craniocerebral injury,combined spinal and pelvic injuries,posttraumatic complications,and PTSD.Conclusions Early quality of life in sBCT patients is poor.Therefore,the early intervention with identification of specific risk factors is contributive to better quality of life.