A numerical model is developed in this paper to calculate the bending moments of flexural members through integration in 3D solid finite element analyses according to the nonlinear constitutive model of concrete and the elastoplastic constitutive model of steel, utilizing the stress condition of the cross-section, considering the destruction characteristic of reinforced concrete members, and based on the plane cross-section assumption. The results of this model give good agreement with those of the classical method. Consequently, we can also deduce the corresponding numerical expression for eccentrically loaded members according to the analysis method.

Objective To explore the feasibility and advantages of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach.Methods Endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach was performed in 113 cases between August 2002 and May 2005.Preoperative diagnosis included 46 cases of adenoma,62 cases of nodular goiter,and 5 cases of Graves' disease.Results The operation was successfully completed endoscopically in 112 cases,and was converted to conventional thyroidectomy in 1 case because of bleeding.The tumor was 2.3?1.6 cm in diameter(range,0.8~7.0 cm).The operating time was 136.7?58.0 min(range,50~310 min),the intraoperative blood loss was 42.5?62.7 ml(range,10~200 ml),the postoperative drainage volume was 87.1?78.1 ml(range,15~310 ml),the time to resume normal activities was 2.2?0.9 d(range,1~4 d),and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 5.5?1.9 d(range,2~9 d).Out of the 113 cases,analgesic requirement was necessary in 18 cases (15.9%).Postoperative complications occurred in 6 cases,including 2 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries,1 case of superior laryngeal nerve injuries,1 case of hemorrhage,1 case of hypocalcemia,and 1 case of recurrence of Graves' disease.Pathological results showed 43 cases of thyroid adenoma,58 cases of nodular goiter,5 cases of Graves' disease,3 cases of thyroid cancer,and 4 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Conclusions Endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach is a technically feasible and safe procedure.It can be employed as the first choice for indicated patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of anisodamine in the air reduction for child intussusception. Methods Repeating the air reduction method for child intussusception after 20-30 min, muscular injection of anisodamine 5 mg, in 550 failure patients with routine air reduction method. Results 468 cases of intussusception persisted after routine air reduction were undergone second air reduction after administation of anisodamine with all outcoming of successful reduction. Other 82 cases still remained with intussusception after repeating the same procedure with anisodamine injection including 2 perforation cases; all were then undertaken surgical operation. Conclusion Air reduction for child intessusception with anisodamine is an easy and effective method ought to be recommanded.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the simultaneous determination of anticancer activity components of flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa,i.e. quercetin,kaempferol. METHODS:HPLC was applied to determine the contents and performed on Alltima C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column. Mobile phase consisted of methanol(A)-0.5% glacial acetic acid,(gradient elution). The detection wavelength was aet at 350 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of quercetin was 0.006 2～0.244 0 ?g(r=0.999 8)and that of kaempferol 0.007 8～0.310 6 ?g(r=0.999 9). The average recovery of quercetin was 101.84%(RSD=1.79%,n=6) and that of kaempferol 99.04%(RSD=2.90%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible for the quality control of H. diffusa.

AIM: To investigate the ethanolic and aqueous extracts from Sancao prescription (Spica prunellae, Oldenlandia diffuse (willd) Roxb, Herba agrimoniae) on the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). METHODS: 95% ,60% and 30% ethanolic extract and aqueous extract were prepared from Sancao pre-scription. The MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory action against the proliferation of A549. RESULTS: IC_(50) of 60% ethanolic extract over A549 was one of the lowest in extracts. Combination of 60% and 90% ethanolic extract showed the synergistic antitumour activity. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic extract of Sancao prescription has and effect on human hung adenocarcinoma(A549).

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury in infants undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect.Methods Forty ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ infants,aged 3-6 months,weighing 4-6 kg,scheduled for elective repair of ventricular septal defect,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,cisatracurium and sufenanil.The infants were mechanically ventilated after nasotracheal intubation.PET CO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg,Anesthesia was maintained with cisatracurium,sufenanil and sevoflurane.In group D,dexmedetomidine was infused at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation.While in group C normal saline was given at the same rate until the end of operation.BP and HR were recorded at 10 min before operation (T1),skin incision (T2),chest opening (T3),10 min after aortic unclamping (T4) and the end of operation (T5).Blood samples were taken from the right internal jugular vein for determination of plasma creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) activity and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations at T1,T5 and 24 h after operation (T6).Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,no significant changes were found in HR and BP at different time points in group D,HR and BP were significanfly increased at T2-T5 in group C,and the plasma CK-MB ctivity and cTnT concentration were significantly increased at T5 and T6 in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).HR and BP at T2-5 and plasma CK-MB activity and cTnT concentration at T5 and T6 were significantly lower in group D than in group C (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine infused at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 after induction can reduce myocardial injury in infants undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect.

BACKGROUND:For treatment of spinal cord injury, exogenous neural stem cell transplantation still faces many problems.Thus, the strategy of supplementary treatment of activating exogenous neural stem cells has been a hot focus.It has been found that lithium chloride can significantly inhibit differentiation and promote proliferation of neural stem cells, whose effects are correlated to Wnt signal pathway.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of lithium on endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury in rats.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital from March to August 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 55 adult female Wistar rats were assigned into normal control group(n=5), simple injury group(n=25), and lithium chloride group(n=25).Lithium chloride was purchased from Guanghua, Guangzhou, China.METHODS:In the simple injury group and lithium chloride group, rat models of acute spinal cord injury at T10 segment were made by Allens method.From 1 hour following model induction, rats in the lithium chloride group received 3 mmol/kg per day lithium chloride through intraperithoneal injection.Samples were directly obtained.In the simple injury group, rats received an equal volume of saline.Rats in the normal control group were left intact.24 hours before samples were obtained, rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with Brdu solution for labeling, once every 8 hours, totally 3 times.Spinal cord at 5 mm from the center of damage region received Brdu, catenin immunohistochemistry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:BrdU-positive cell number and area of catenin-positive expression were measured.RESULTS:There were a few Brdu-positive cells and less expression of catenin in the center canal and adventitia of spinal cord in the normal control group.Many Brdu-positive cells and a little expression of catenin were found in gray matter and ependyma of injury area in the simple injury group 24 hours after model induction, which reached the peak at 1 week, and declined gradually at 2 weeks.Just a few Brdu-positive cells and little expression of catenin existed at 4 weeks.Compared with the simple injury group, there was no difference in Brdu-positive cells and the expression of catenin at 24 hours following model induction in the lithium chloride group.There were more Brdu-positive cells and the expression of catenin in the center canal and adventitia of spinal cord at 1 week(P

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorphenamine maleate and ephedrine hydro-chloride in chlorphenamine maleate and ephedrine nasal drops by HPLC. Methods:An HPLC method was performed on a column of Purospher STAR RP18(150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)with the mobile phase of acetonitrile -potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer(pH 3. 0 ± 0. 1)(18:82 v/v)at the detection wavelength of 210 nm(adjusting the flow rate and column temperature to 1. 0 ml·min-1 and 35℃,respectively). The injection volume was 20 μl. Results:A good linear relationship was established between the peak response and the concentration of ephedrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate over the range of 19. 81-118. 85μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 6) and 6. 21-37. 25 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8),respectively. The mean recovery of ephedrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate was 100. 39%(RSD=0. 69%,n=9)and 100. 11%(RSD=0. 60%,n=9),respectively. Conclusion:The proposed method shows high repeatability,good durability and promising accuracy. It can be employed for the determination of two components in chlorphena-mine maleate and ephedrine nasal drops.

Objective To study the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic anatomical liver lobectomy for liver tumor. Methods The feasibility and therapeutic effect of laparoscopic anatomical liver resection on 67 patients were analyzed in our hospital from January 2005 to February 2010. Results Laparoscopic anatomical liver lobectomy was carried out successfully on all the patients. The operative time was 50.6± 16.2 min and the blood loss was 220. 8±76.5 ml. We did not use Pringle's manoeuvre. There was no postoperative complication. The patients were able to be ambulated out of bed within 24 hours and they started to take in food 1-3 days after surgery. The mean hospital stay was 5-7 days after surgery (mean 6.6±1.1 d). The total hospital cost was 30767.4±150. 1 Yuan. Conclusions Laparoscopic anatomical liver resection is feasible and safe. It has the advantages of minimal trauma and quick recovery for tumors located superficially, in the left liver, and in the inferior part of the right liver. Clinically, it should be used more widely.

Objective To compare the clinical efficiency of endoscopic thyroidectomy by breast approach with conventional open thyroidectomy in patients with benign thyroid tumor. Methods Ninety-one patients of thyroid adenoma or adenomatous goiter underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy (group endoscopy) , Ninety-nine patients underwent conventional open thyroidectomy (group open). Operative time, blood loss, the volum of drainage, time of hospital stay and postoperative stay, postoperative complications and analgesic requirements, time taken to return to normal activity and total fee were compared. Results There were no significant differences in operative time, time of stay and postoperation stay between the two groups. Blood loss was significantly less in group endoscopy (27. 7?17. 4) ml than in group open [ (96. 8?84. 8) ml, P