Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection,remains a major global concern.The activation of anti-TB immune responses is mediated by several complicated mechanisms, among which the local immune microenvironment at the disease site plays a crucial role.In this review, we discuss the roles of anti-TB immunity, Mtb immune escape and the elements at the local site of infection.

Objective To study the protective effect of TMP(Tetramethylpyrazine) on LPS(Lipopolysaccharides)-induced inflammatory response of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (HAECⅡ) and its corresponding mechanism.Methods HAECⅡ (A549 cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma cells) were cultured in vitro.Inflammation model was established using A549 cells after LPS stimulation.TMP and FK866 (a specific inhibitor for pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor), were added to intervene respectively.Expression level of mRNA, inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and PBEF(pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor) were detected by q-PCR and Western blot, respectively.The activation of NF-κB(Nuclear factor κB) was examined by Western blot to find the changes in phosphorylated P65 protein level in both nucleus and cytoplasm.Results Both the mRNA and protein level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and PBEF in A549 cells were significantly higher after LPS stimulation than those in the control group(P<0.001).Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of P65 protein in the nucleus and cytoplas was higher(P<0.001).The expression of the aforementioned inflammatory factors and the phosphorylation of P65 protein were significantly lower after TMP inter-vention than those of LPS group(P<0.05).In comparison, after FK866 was added, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 and the phosphorylation of P65 protein were also decreased(P<0.01).Conclusions TMP may be involved in the reduction of PBEF expression, which therefore inhibits NF-κB activation, antagonizes alveolar epithelial cell inflammatory response.

According to current assembly situation of infant incubator in company A, basic industrial engineering means such as time study was used to analyze the actual products assembly production and an assembly line was designed. The assembly line was modeled and simulated with software Flexsim. The problem of the assembly line was found by comparing simulation result and actual data, then through optimization to obtain high efficiency assembly line.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant ; Software

BACKGROUND:Presently used pulmonary vein antrum location methods mainly performed by three-dimensional electroanatomy combined with X-ray image or CT image fusion.These methods conducted vein antrum location and ablation by anatomy instructions.It is still poorly understood whether the ablation hit the key part of atrial fibrillation.OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of catheter ablation guided by three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system in conjunct with pulmonary vein antrum potential in patients with atrial fibrillation.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The verification clinical study was performed at the Department of Cardiology of Jinan Fourth People's Hospital and Hebei People's Hospital from March 2007 to June 2009.PARTICIPANTS:Fifty-one patients with drugs refractory,paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were included.METHODS:All patients underwent circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablation guided by three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system (CARTO) in conjunct with pulmonary vein antrum potential with the endpoint of electrical isolation.Relevant parameters and ablation success rate were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Procedure-related parameters,such as procedure duration,fluoroscopy duration,cumulative success rate and complication were observed.RESULTS:Pulmonary veins were isolated in all 51 patients.The mean procedure duration,fluoroscopy time and radiofrequency ablation duration are respectively (207±36.7) minutes,(38.2±14.3) minutes,(56.4±15.7) minutes.After (17.5±3.8)-months follow-up,forty (78.4%) patients did not have recurrence of atrial fibrillation,atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia.No severe procedure-related complication had happened.CONCLUSION:Pulmonary vein antrum potential can be used as a landmark to define pulmonary vein antrum,that combined with CARTO system to guide pulmonary vein antrum ablation is effective,safety and feasible for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate if the single item fatigue question of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index(BASDAI) is appropriate for measuring fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS), and to identify factors that influence fatigue in these patients. Methods A total of 93 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were recruited. Patients completed questionnaires on disease activity(BASDAI), functional ability[Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index(BASFI)], the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire and 10 cm visual analogue scale(VAS) for sleep disturbance. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients. The patients were then dichotomized into a F+group (eg, fatigue is the major symptom) if the BASDAI fatigue scale was ≥5.0 and a F-group(eg, fatigue is the minor symptom) if the fatigue score was

Food Testing was the experimental and applied basic courses for Prevent Medicine.According as the problems in teaching,some advice on teaching content,teaching method,and laboratory construction and management was discussed in order to cultivate the innovative specialties and develop the students' experimental ability.

Physical and Chemical Analysis of Food is one of the important courses of hygiene quarantine speciality,food science and engineering speciality,food quality and safety speciality,and so on. The application of concept center method on the teaching of the course was discussed in the article. The prolegomenon of the course and the eleventh chapter of the course--Determination of Gene Modified Food had been worked as two examples.

Objective To study the immune system regulatory effects of CD8+CD28-regulatory T lymphocytes in an experimental bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell treatment of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Methods A model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established in twenty-eight C57BL/6 female mice,6 to 8 weeks old weighing 16 to 20 g using myelinoligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 amino acid peptide (MOG35-55).The mice were randomly divided into a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) group (n =7),an MSCs-Low group [n =7 which received an injection of 2× 105 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)],an MSCs-Med group (n=7,1× 106 MSCs),and an MSCs-High group (n=7,5×106 MSCs).Their clinical condition was then evaluated daily.On the 15th day after the MOG35-55 immunization,the different MSC doses were administered intravenously via the tail.On the 30th day the mice were sacrificed to observe any neuropathology of the spinal cord.At the same time,FACS flow cytometry was used to assay CD8+CD28-T cells in the spleen.Results Compared with the PBS control group,the MSC treatment effectively alleviated illness among the mice by the 15th day after the immunization.The maximum and average disease scores and clinical illness scores had all improved significantly.The medium dosage worked best.Neuropathological analysis showed that the MSC treatment could significantly reduce the invasion of inflammatory cells and minimize demyelination in the spinal cord.Furthermore,the CD8+ CD28-regulatory T cells in the spleens of the MSCtreated animals increased compared with the PBS control group,though the secreted levels of IL-10 showed no obvious difference.Conclusions Treatment with MCSs can promote the recovery of neural function in autoimmune encephalomyelitis,at least in mice.CD8+CD28-regulatory T cells may not be the main effector cells,playing only a synergistic therapeutic role.

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare sporadic disease.Clinical manifestations include hypercalcemia,increased urinary calcium and urinary calculus,osteoporosis,and pathologic fracture.While this patient complained of pollakiuria,urgency,and painful urination,thus might lead to misdiagnosis or missing of diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.This article is herewith presented to call attention to discovery,diagnosis,and treatment of parathyroid carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of using combined lingual mucosa and buccal mucosa onlay grafts or foreskin flap urethroptasty for the treatment of long or multi-seg-ment urethral strictures. Methods Seven patients with long and 4 cases with multi segment urethral strictures(range 10 to 15 cm,mean 12)underwent substitution urethroplasty using combined lingual mucosa and buccal mucosa onlay grafts or foreskin flap urethroplasty.The patients'age ranged 24 to 56,mean 32 and the course of disease was from 6 to 96 months.Of the 11 patients 7 underwent com-bined lingual mucosa and buccal mucosa grafts urethroptasty,4 patients underwent combined lingual mucosa graft and foreskin flap Urethroplasty. Results The patients were followed up 5-1 2(mean 10)months postoperatively. Meatal stenosis developed 3 months postoperatively in 1 patient who un-derwent combined lingual mucosa and foreskin flap urethroplasty.The patient could void well after re-operation.The other patients could void well and the peak flow rate ranged from 2 1 to 3 6 ml/s(mean 26.8 ml/s). Conclusions Combined lingual mucosa and buccal mucosa onlay grafts or foreskin flap substitution urethroplasty may have the advantage of easier harvest,less trauma.It could be a good U- rethral substitution technique for the treatment of long or multi-segment urethral stricture.