We studied the effects of the oxygen on partial nitrification in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), to find out critical dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations for the optimal partial nitrification by monitoring the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and oxygen supply rate (OSR). The nitrite accumulation occurred at a DO concentration of 1 mg/L, while the ratio of nitrite to ammonia in effluent was close to 1 at a DO concentration of 0.5 mg/L which was suitable to serve as the feed of an ANNAMOX system. When the mixed liquid suspended solids(MLSS) was 20 g/L in MBR, OUR and OSR were 19.86 mg O2/(L·s) and 0.369 mg O2/(L·s) respectively, indicating that the oxygen supply was the bottleneck of partial nitrification. "Low DO and high aeration rate" were suggested as a control strategy to further improve the efficiency of partial nitrification.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bioreactors ; Membranes, Artificial ; Nitrification ; Nitrites ; chemistry ; Oxygen ; chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods

Some published research reports on phthalate esters (PAEs) in the municipal sewage sludge were reviewed in the present paper, and aimed at the problems in the field, some preventive measures and the related research emphases were put forwarded also.

Objective To evaluate our results of external quality assessment (EQA) program of the newborn screening laboratory for 6 years, summarize the problems in the screening measurement and improve the quality of measurement.Methods The phenylalanine (Phe) and thyrotropin (TSH) values in dried blood spot specimens on filter paper distributed by national center were measured by fluorometric method and time -resolved fluorescence im-munoassay ( DELFIA ) respectively.The results sent by national center were analyzed .Results In the 90 specimens of 18 batches, the bias range of Phe and TSH measurement was wide (-62.50%~66.67%and-66.67%~54.31%respectively) and their average values were 8.62%and 10.18% respectively;85 quantitative results of Phe and 84 quantitative results of TSH measurement were in the quality control , accounting for 94.44%and 93.33%respective-ly.The qualitative analysis of 90 Phe and TSH specimens all conformed to the expected results , accounting for 100%.The result of every batch was up to 80%.Conclusion Our neonatal screening laboratory is in control and it is useful to evaluate the measurement competence , find out the problems in the Phe and TSH measurement and re-solve them in time through participated in the national EQA in neonatal screening laboratory , so as to improve the quality of measurement and ensure the accuracy and reliability of results .

Objective To acquire effective clues for identification of environmental risk factors to birth defects. Methods Spatial autocorrelation statistics Moran's I and spatial hotspots detect method Getis's G statistics was used to identify birth defect risk factor. Results The different kinds of birth defects have different spatial distribution. Neural tube birth defects have the properties of spatial autocorrelation and different clustering phenomena in different spatial scales. Two typical spatial patterns were discovered in spatial scales of about 6.84 kilometers and 22.8 kilometers. Conclusion Using spatial autocorrelation probing technique, we find that there may be some common environmental teratogenetic factors which affect birth defects occurring ratio in the study area. By hotspots analysis of the clustering phenomena, the risk factors leading to birth defect were further resolved.

Objective To study expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human endometrium. Methods The expression of CFTR mRNA and protein from 50 samples of normal cyclic human endometrium was examined by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting respectively. Results CFTR mRNA and protein expressions were only detected in the endometrial glandular cells with cyclic changes. CFTR mRNA could be detected from the midproliferative phase with the highest level found in the late proliferative phase, significantly higher than those of late-secretory phase endometrium ( P

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of Danshensu (tanshinol) in Danqi Injection(DQI) in dogs. Methods HPLC-UV detection was used to determine the Danshensu level in biological samples. The Lichrospher C18 column(4.6?250 mm,5?m) was used as an analytical column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-1 %acetic acid (8∶92),the flow rate being 1.0mL?min-1 and the wave-length being 280 nm. Results After intravenous injection of DQI in dogs,the plasma concentration-time curve of DQI in dogs fitted well to a two-compartment model,with the characteristics of fast absorption and slow elimination.Its pharmacokinetics parameters are as follows:?=1.533 h-1,?=0.5111 h-1,T(peak)=0.25 h,T1/2?=0.573 h. Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of DQI in dogs fits the two-compartment model.In the pharmacokinetics of Danshensu,elimination course is the main course with the slow and lasting characteristics.

In recent years,health economics developed quickly,which attracted both international academic and public interested.Compared with the developed countries,although the study of health economics in China started relatively slow,it has already attracted more and more attention by the academic along with the rapidly social development.With the support from international organizations and academic institutions,China had gradually established its health economics research net from 1990s,the research system had been improved and a serious of research achievements had already playedmore important role in the procedure of government decision making.It summarized the research progress in the field of international and China's health economics so as to provide references for research and policies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the interpersonal trust and coping modes in aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsA total of 246 aged patients with CHD at home and in hospital were tested on their interpersonal trust and reply modes by adopting the Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ).ResultsThe interpersonal trust level of patients with higher educational background was significantly higher than those with poor educational background ( P<0.05). The patient's interpersonal trust was significantly positive correlation to the confrontation coping mode ( r=0.388, P=0.000) and significantly negative correlation to the compromising coping mode ( r=-0.434, P=0.000), but was not significantly correlation to avoidance coping mode ( P>0.05).ConclusionThe interpersonal trust of aged patients with CHD can influence their choice of coping modes.

Aim To investigate the effect of pioglitazone on the AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression of HU-VECs induced by intermittent high glucose.Methods After exposed to intermittent high glucose for 5 d,HUVECs were incubated with pioglitazone(10,1 or 0.1 ?mol?L-1) for 24 hours.The AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA expression levels in HUVECs were also determined by real-time PCR.Results After exposed to intermittent high glucose for 5 days,HUVECs were treated with pioglitazone(10,1 or 0.1 ?mol?L-1) for 24 h.10,1?mol?L-1 of pioglitazone treatment enhanced AdipoR1 mRNA level(both P