There are a wide variety of spiders on the earth and most them can secrete venom,which contains a variety of chemi-cal compositions that have multiple influences on organism be-sides toxic effects.The pharmacological efficiency includes cardi-ovascular and cerebrovascular activities,analgesic activities,an-tibacterial and anticancer activities etc.Ion channels are one of the important targets of spider toxins.They act on different ion channels,such as potassium channel,calcium channel and differ-ent subtypes of sodium channels.Therefore the spider toxins pres-ent different pharmacological activities and potential medicinal value.The venoms of spiders are less well studied than those from other venomous taxa such as conotoxin,scorpions and snakes etc. However,in recent years,spider toxins are turning to a new hot subject in related research areas.This review summarizes the lat-est progress in biological activities of spider toxins as well as its application in medical practice and development.

Objective To study the levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR)、 tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF? ) in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients and its clinical significance. Methods Double antibody sandwich ELISA was used to determine soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor typeⅠ (sTNFRⅠ )、 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor typeⅡ (sTNFRⅡ ) and TNF? levels in patient serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) culture supernatants. Other immunological tests were carried out simultaneously. Results① The serum sTNFRⅠ、 sTNFRⅡ、 TNF? sTNFRⅠ /TNF? and sTNFRⅡ /TNF? ratios were significantly higher in SLE patients than those in normal control group(P

Objective To investigate the differences of miRNA-21 and miRNA-146a expression between colorectal neoplasms tissues and serum of the patients with colorectal neoplasm,and the clinical significance was analyzed.Methods The endoscopic biopsy tissues and serum samples of 100 colorectal cancer (CRC),80 colorectal adenoma (CRA)patients and 65 healthy controls were collected.The expressions of miRNA-21 and miRNA-146a were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.The relationship between the expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed.And then,the diagnostic value of expression difference of serum miRNA in colorectal neoplasm were evaluated. The Mann-WhitneyU test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed for comparisons between groups,and the correlation of miRNA expression between tissues and serum was analyzed by Spearman test.Results
The expressions of miRNA-21 in the tissues of CRC and CRA were 8.573 ±0.898 and 7.746 ±1 .183, respectively,which were significantly higher than that of healthy controls 6.160 ±0.835 (U =120.129 and 33.230,both P <0.01).The expressions of miRNA-21 in the serum of CRC and CRA were 1 .829± 0.303 and 1 .624 ±0.226,respeotively,which were higher than that of healthy controls 1 .391 ±0.221 (U =40.353 and 15 .512,both P < 0.01 ).The expression of miRNA-21 in the serum and tissues of patients with CRC were both higher than those of patients with CRA (U =11 .384 and 10.189,both P <0.01).The expression of miRNA-21 in patients with CRC was associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis.The expression level of miRNA-21 in CRA was correlated with histological types.The results of Spearman analysis indicated that the expression of miRNA-21 in the tissues and serum of patients with CRC was positively correlated (r=0.459,P <0.01).The expression of miRNA-146a in the tissues and serum of CRC patients were 2.556±0.351 and 0.249±0.038,respectively,which were lower than those of healthy controls (3.428 ±0.328 and 0.279 ±0.053)(U =102.134 and 30.111 ,both P <0.01).The expression in the tissues and serum of CRA patients were 3.255 ±0.332 and 0.290±0.036, respectively,which were also lower than those of healthy controls,however the difference was not statistically significant (U = 3.936 and 3.180,both P > 0.05 ).The expression of miRNA-146a in the tissues and serum of CRC patients were both lower than those of CRA patients (U =73.809 and 21 .123, both P <0.01).The degree of decreased expression of miRNA-146a in CRC patients was correlated with TNM staging and tumor differentiation degree,however there was no correlation between the expression in CRA and clinical features.According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis,the AUC of miRNA-21 ,miRNA-146a and a combination of them in CRC and health individuals was 0.889, 0.791 and 0.863,respectively;in CRA and health individuals was 0.784,0.692 and 0.761 ,respectively;in CRC and CRA was 0.705 ,0.820 and 0.713,respectively.Conclusion The different expressions of miRNA-21 and miRNA-146a had potential values in early detection of colorectal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the measles antibody level among residents in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province in 2018, so as to provide the evidence for improving the measles control strategy. Methods: The permanent residents aged 0 to 59 years were randomly sampled from 10 townships ( streets ) in Kecheng District and Changshan County of Quzhou City. Residents' demographics and vaccination of measles-containing vaccine ( MCV ) were collected, and serum anti- measles IgG antibody was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). The positive rate, protective rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-measles antibody were estimated. Results: A total of 606 residents were tested, with a male to female ratio of 0.83∶1. The subjects had a median age ( interquartile range ) of 17.36 ( 29.07 ) years, and 399 residents ( 65.84% ) had a vaccination history of MCV. The positive rate, protective rate and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody were 94.88%, 48.68%, and 784.51 ( 95%CI: 731.14-841.40) mIU/mL, respectively. The positive rate of anti-measles IgG antibody was higher in men than in women ( 97.08% vs. 93.07%, χ2=4.968, P=0.026 ), and the protection rate was lower in men than in women ( 44.16% vs. 52.41%, χ2=4.089, P=0.043 ). The protective rate and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody showed a“U”-shaped distribution with age, and a low protective rate was seen in residents aged 10 to 39 years ( 23.53% to 46.67% ), which the GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody that did not reach the protective level. A total of 233 residents at age of 15 years and below had with a history of two-dose MCV vaccination, and the positive rate ( χ2trend=7.260, P=0.007 ), protective rate ( χ2trend=12.756, P<0.001 ) and GMC ( rs=-0.289, P<0.001 ) of anti-measles IgG antibody presented a tendency towards a reduction with time <1 to 11 years after vaccination of the last dose of MCV. Conclusions A high positive rate of anti-measles antibody was detected among residents in Quzhou City in 2018; however, the protection rate of anti-measles antibody was low among residents at ages of 10 to 39 years. The coverage of MCV vaccination is recommended to be improved among residents at ages of 10 to 39 years in Quzhou City.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of thalidomide on the peripheral blood T-iymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in vitro. Methods T-lymphoeytes were treated by thalidomide with different concentrations, then the proliferation of these T-lymphocytes proliferation was deteted by MTT while apoptosis and lymphocyte activation marker were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α was measured by real-time RT-PCR, One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results In vitro, thalidomide inhibited the expression of CD3~+CD28~+ [500 μg/ml group vs the control group, (48±9)% vs (57±9)% P<0.05]. The pro-portion of apoptotic T-lymphoeytes in the 500 μg/ml group was (36±8)%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group [(23±5)%,P<0.05 ]. The values of A_(570nm) T-lymphocytes were significantly lower in the 100 μg/ml group, 300 μg/ml groupand 500 μg/ml group compared with those of the control group ( 100 μg/ml group vs 300 μg/ml group vs 500μg/ml group vs the control group, 0.39±0.05 vs 0.34±0.04 vs 0.30±0.03 vs 0.51±0.07, P<0.05), while thalidomide promoted the expression of CD8~+CD152~+ [ 100 μg/ml group vs 500 μg/ml group vs the control group, (5.0±0.6)% vs (7.8±0.7)% vs (4.2±0.6)%, P<0.05 ]. 500 μg/ml thalidomide inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-6, 2.5～500 μg/ml thalidomide inhibited IL-10, TNF-α mRNA expression of T-lymphocytes.Conclusion Thalidomide can inhibit the proliferative activities and CD28 expression of T-lymphocytes,reduce mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, stimulate CD28 expression and apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. These effects may play an important role in it's immune-suppressive effects on systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To investigate the correlation between intima-media thickness(IMT)and elasticity of carotid in patients with type 2 diabetes accompanied hyperlipidemia by quantitative intima-media thickness(QIMT)and quantitative arterial stiffness(QAS)technique.Methods Fifty-six patients with type 2 diabetes accompanied hyperlipidemia were involved into the study as case group.Forty-eight healthy volunteers were supplied as normal control group in the same period.IMT,compliance coefficient(CC),distensibility coefficient(DC)and stiffness index(β)of carotid were acquired through QIMT and QAS.Case group was divided into case group 1(IMT＜0.9mm)and case group 2(IMT≥0.9 mm),and analysis was performed furtherly.Results β,triglyceride(TG),lowdensity lipoprotein(LDL),cholesterol(Ch),glycosylated hemoglobin(GHb)and IMT had significant differences in case group 1,case group 2 and control group(P＜0.05),control group＜case group 1＜case group 2.DC and CC had significant differences in case group 1,case group 2 and control group(P＜0.05),control group＞case group 1＞case group 2.There was significant positive correlation between β and age,GHb,LDL and IMT of carotid respectively(r=0.811,r:0.764,r=0.732,r:0.729,respectively,P=0.000).Conchmions IMT of carotid could be measured accurately by QIMT.Structure imaging and functional imaging of carotid might be combined organically through QIMT and QAS.Depth study about early change of carotid in structure and function could be performed with these two techniques.

A method of complete acid hydrolysis combined with high performance anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection was developed for the monosaccharide composition analysis of arabinoxylan from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. The parameters including hydrolysis methods, acid types, acid concentration, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time and placement time, which would affect the hydrolysis process, were optimized. The results showed that it would have a better hydrolysis effect for polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. with 2 mol/L H2 SO4 in an atmospheric oil bath at 120℃for 2 hours. However, the placement time for diluted solution of the hydrolyzed polysaccharide should be less than 6 hours. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of Arabinose (8. 89%) and Xylose (41. 52%) and Galacturonic acid (0. 73%). Glcuronic acid (3. 44%) was detected simultaneously, and there were also trace amounts of Galatose and Glucose. The results were reproducible. Other arabinoxylans from Panicummiliaceum L. shell, Avena sativa L. bran and Hordeum vulgare L. were taken for monosaccharide compositions analysis under the optimal hydrolysis conditions and the analysis results were good. This study would provide a good reference for monosaccharides composition analysis of arabinoxylans from various sources.

Cognitive impairment includes several clinical processes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, and now it has been a serious public health problem, as there is no effective treatment, it has caused a heavy economic and psychological burden on the family and society, therefore, it seems important to find effective intervention means.Vitamin D is an essential nutrient element for the human body, more and more evidences show that it also participates in many extraskeletal biological reactions, such as nervous system regulatory processes, in addition to calcium and phosphorus metabolism.Several researches have revealed that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired cognition, the mechanisms mediating this link are poorly understood, what's more, for further clinical application, we need to solve the problems like choosing the suitable populations and drug dosage, therefore, this article summarizes and analyzes the effects of serum Vitamin D levels on the cognitive function of different populations, the research progress of Vitamin D intervention research and its possible mechanism of action, hoping to provide references for the clinical application of Vitamin D in the treatment of cognitive impairment.The results show that Vitamin D deficiency is related to the decline of cognitive function in different populations, and Vitamin D can improve cognitive function through reducing Aβ toxicity, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress and other mechanisms, its supplementation is expected to be an important measure of treating cognitive impairment, in the future, large-scale longitudinal cohort studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of treatment.

Background and purpose:Drug resistance is a major cause of failure in lung cancer chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of YAP on doxorubicin resistance in lung cancer and its underlying mechanism. Methods:Doxorubicin resistant lung cancer cell clones were established from parental sensitive cancer PC9 cell line via in vitroinduction, and the expression of YAP was analyzed. YAP was down-regulated via shRNA to different levels. MTS assay was employed to determine cell proliferation and drug sensitivity. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and uptake of Rh-123. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) assay were used to determine the expression of ABCB1, ABCC1, p53, Runx2, ITGB2 and ErbB4. The phosphory-lation of serine/threonine kinase (AKT) was determined as well.Results:Doxorubicin resistant PC9/Adr cell clone was obtained with over-expressed YAP. Expression of YAP in PC9/Adr cells was down-regulated to different levels via shR-NA. After YAP silencing, cell proliferation was reduced, while sensitivity to doxorubicin was increased. The cell cycle was significantly halted by G0/G1 phase. Doxorubicin induced-apoptotic rate and cellular uptake of Rh-123 were increased,with positive correlation to YAP silencing level. Western blot and QRT-PCR results showed that after YAP silencing, ABCB1, ABCC1, Runx2, ITGB2, and ErbB4 proteins were down-regulated, while the expression of p53 was up-regulated. Phosphorylation of AKT was inhibited as well.Conclusion:Over-expression of YAP is involved in doxorubicin resistance in PC9/Adr cell line. Silencing of YAP could restore doxorubicin sensitivity. The mechanism involves regulation of drug resistance-related genes and promotion of apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and influential factors of intrauterine device (IUD) after insertion under B-type ultrasound guidance. Methods A total of 434 healthy women of childbearing potential, aged for 18 to 40 years were enrolled. After IUD insertion under ultrasound guidance, the uterine profile was observed during the procedure and the patients’ biological characteristic was recorded and gynecologic examiation was performed at month 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 during following up. All data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results There was no accident in operation.In 18 months after IUD insertion, the pregnancy rate with IUD was 1.94%,the expulsion rate was 4.59% and the removal rate was 5.54%. The risk factors of expulsion were the history with cesarean delivery and artificial abortion plus IUD insertion (P