BACKGROUND:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been detected in bone and tooth, and its role in development and metabolism of bone and tooth tissue as wel as its clinical application has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the effect and mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in development and metabolism of bone and tooth tissues. METHODS: Papers addressing the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone and tooth tissue were retrieved by computer in Wanfang and PubMed databases with the key words of “brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB, p75NTR, signaling, bone, tooth, osteoblasts, osteoclasts” in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 53 papers were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor can be detected in various tissuesin vivo, and can regulate cel survival and apoptosis through binding its two receptors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone and tooth tissue can bind to target cels, induce or inhibit cel proliferation and differentiation, indicating that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is closely linked to bone and tooth tissue, and may play a role in growth and reconstruction of bone and tooth. Its mechanism of action is mainly through binding to TrkB receptor, to activate downstream pathways and affect differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cels, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and periodontal ligament cels. Interaction between p75NTR receptor and TrkB receptor may be one of the factors affecting cel differentiation or proliferation.

The biodistribution and the radio activity in blood clearance of 99m Tc AMLCA were determined in 5 normal dogs by whole body imaging and measuring the radio activity in blood samples at 2,4,8 and 24h after 99m Tc AMLCA injection. The feasibility of imaging of the site of myocardial infarct was determined in 2 of the experimental MI dogs by demonstration of the left ventricle blood pool imaging (LVBPI) with 99m Tc AMLCA and by subsequent imaging of the excised heart. The results showed that the plasma concentration of 99m Tc AMLCA decreased rapidly from 51 5%?5 2% at 2nd hr to 27 3%?3 1% at 4th, 12 3%?1 8% at 8 hr and 5 6%?0 6% at 24th after the injection. The LVBPI in one MI dog showed that the region of the radionuclide concentration of 99m Tc AMLCA corresponded to region of absence of 99m Tc MIBI. The scintigraphy in another MI dog heart slices showed that the region of the radionuclide concentrate of 99m Tc AMLCA corresponded to the region of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The measurement of double radionuclides in the double interesting region in the MI dog heart slices indicated that the infarct myocardium uptook 99m Tc AMLCA specifically. These findings suggested that 99m Tc AMLCA scintigraphy might be a new approach for detecting and localizing MI

BACKGROUND:Primary culture of neurons is an important way to study the structure and functions of the nervous system.It is also important to explore pathomechanism and medicine reaction of some ophthalmology diseases.OBJECTIVE:To explore an optimal way to the separation and culture of retinal and visual cortical neurons in new-bom rats through comparative observation of different primary culture methods.METHODS:Retinal and visual cortical neurons isolated from new-born rats were firstly cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% new-born calf serum and 10% F12 nutrient mixtures,followed by maintaining culture in Neurobasal medium containing 2% B27 serum-free supplements.Nissls staining was performed for neuron identification.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cultured neurons grew well with plump cell bodies and long processes.Nissls staining showed that the purity of retinal neurons was greater than 90% and the proportion of visual cortical neurons was higher than 50%.The results suggested that there are some differences in culturing methods and growth characteristics of retinal and visual cortical neurons of new-born rats,accordingly,different culture methods are required to obtain high purity neurons.

Objective:To observe the change of endogenous erythropoietin(EPO) in patients undergoing elective major surgeries and the impact of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on blood viscosity of animalsunder normal physiologic al conditions. In addition, the effect of rhEPO on postoperative anemia in cardiac surgery patients was evaluated. Methods:Ten patients scheduled for elective major procedures were studied. Included criteria were no preoperative anemia, moderate intraoperative blood loss and no postoperative transfusion. Serum EPO levers were measured prior to operation, immediately after the operation, as well as on postoperative days(PODs) 1, 2, 4, 6, 8. The change of Hct was measured too. (EPO group) Six adult rabbits received 300IU/kg of rhEPO weekly for two weeks. Specimens of Hb, Hct, RBC, serum ALT, serum potassium and blood viscosity were obtained before, during and after administration of rhEPO. Six patients with postoperative anemia (Hb＜100g/L) who underwent cardiac surgeries received 300IU/kg of rhEPO weekly for two weeks. The changes of Hb,Hct were compared(rhEpO group). Results: In EPO group serum EPO concentration increased immediately after the operation, reached a peak level during 24-48h postoperatively and remained significantly elevated above the operative value until POD 8. Hct significantly declined after the operation and was still significantly lower than the preoperative value on POD 8.On the 12th day after applying rhEPO, Hb, Hct and RBC of the rabbits were increased significantly, (P＜0.01 ) but serum ALT, potassium and blood viscosity did not changed significantly. In rhEPO group, Hb, Hct increased significantly on the 14 days after applying rhEPO. Conclusion: It is effective and safe to treat postoperative anemia with a high dose of rhEPO in patients undergoing cardiac procedures. The administration of rhEPO corrects postoperative anemia quickly, then precludes many complications related to decrease oxygen delivery capacity.

Platelet function testing is essential for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.Only simple and convenient method of platelet function testing can become the conventional detection method for patients with ischemic stroke and can be used to the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the value of MR DWI in comparing inflammatory with metastastic lymph node in animal models of lymph disease.Methods Eighteen rabbits with benign lymphadenopathy and 9 rabbits with malignant lymphadenopathy underwent routine MRI and DWI examination.Independent-samples t test was used to compare the sizes and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between the two groups.Results Thirty-four inflammatory lymph nodes and 18 metastastic lymph nodes were observed .The size of lymph nodes was (8.14±2.79) and (6.29±1.48) mm in the benign and malignant groups, respectively.There was no significant statistical difference between the sizes of the two groups (t=2.624, P 0.05).Mean ADC value of lymph nodes was (1.19±0.31)×10-3mm2/s and (1.31±0.27)×10-3mm2/s in the benign and malignant groups, respectively.There was no significant statistical difference between the ADC values of benign and malignant lymph nodes (t=1.449,P 0.05).Conclusion DWI sequence can be used to show lymphadenopathy, but the ADC value is insufficient to differentiate benign lymph nodes from malignant lymphadenopathy.

Objective:To explore the impact of cytochrome P450 oxidase (CYP2C19) *2 genotype on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and impact of MACE on blood stasis indexes .Methods :From Jan 2010 to Jan 2011 ,a total of 355 patients with blood stasis syndrome undergoing PCI were enrolled .All patients took aspirin and clopidogrel conventionally before PCI ,then maintained for one year at least after PCI .According to MACE or not ,patients were divided into MACE group (n=64) and no MACE group (n=291) .Turbidimetry method was used to measure platelet aggregation rate before and one week after PCI ,and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP ) was used to test CYP2C19 * 2 gene polymorphism .Results:(1) Compared with no MACE group ,there were significant rise in maximum platelet aggregation rate [MPA ,(36.38 ± 14.57)% vs .(44.87 ± 11.63)% ] and residue platelet aggregation rate [RPA , (25.76 ± 12.69)% vs .(34.45 ± 15.58)% ] , P< 0.01 both ;in percentage of CYP2C19*2 gene mutation (GA+AA) (36.43% vs .75.0% ,χ2 =27.832 ,P<0.01) in MACE group .(2) Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis in-dicated that >65 years ,CYP2C19*2 gene mutation (GA+AA) ,renal dysfunction (creatinine>1.5mg/dl) and re-duced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF< 50% ) were independent risk factors for MACE after PCI (OR=2.164~5.947 , P<0.05 or <0.01);(3) Binary linear correlation analysis indicated that CYP 2C19*2 gene muta-tion was positively correlated with RPA after PCI ( r=0.437 , P<0.001) .Conclusion:CYP2C19*2 gene mutation affects antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel ,so it′s helps to recognize MACE risk in patients with coronary heart dis-ease and blood stasis after PCI .

Objective To acquire effective clues for identification of environmental risk factors to birth defects. Methods Spatial autocorrelation statistics Moran's I and spatial hotspots detect method Getis's G statistics was used to identify birth defect risk factor. Results The different kinds of birth defects have different spatial distribution. Neural tube birth defects have the properties of spatial autocorrelation and different clustering phenomena in different spatial scales. Two typical spatial patterns were discovered in spatial scales of about 6.84 kilometers and 22.8 kilometers. Conclusion Using spatial autocorrelation probing technique, we find that there may be some common environmental teratogenetic factors which affect birth defects occurring ratio in the study area. By hotspots analysis of the clustering phenomena, the risk factors leading to birth defect were further resolved.

Objective To investigate the way of gene therapy on congestive heart failure and other heart diseases. Methods Recombinant adeno associated viruses (AAV) encoding the human ? 2 adrenergic receptor(AR) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were constructed and the ? 2 AR and EGFP cDNA were transfected in vitro to the neonate rat ventricular myocytes. The expression of ? 2 AR and EGFP on cultured neonate rat ventricular myocytes and the ability of ? 2 AR to potentiate the beta adrenergic signaling were assessed. Results The presence of human ? 2 AR mRNA was demonstrated by Northern blot, the expression of the ? 2 AR gene was demonstrated by Westernimmuno blot. The density of ? AR in the myocytes was greater than that in the control 〔(204.0 ? 6.4) fmol/mg protein vs (76.0 ? 2.8) fmol/mg protein〕 according to a ligand binding assay. Human ? 2 AR gene significantly increased isoproterenol stimulated cAMP as compared with the control〔(116.2?5.8) pmol/10 6 cell vs (58.4 ? 4.6) pmol/10 6 cell〕. EGFP was also expressed in the transfected cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Human ? 2 AR gene could be transfected into cardiomyocytes by AAV vector and could potentiate the beta adrenergic signaling.

Behavior Science pays more attention to humanity,and regards the management of people as the key factor of management.Nursing management is the process targeting at the progress of nursing quality and work efficiency.Under the new circumstance,it is very important for the head nurse to supervise the nurses with a scientific management conception in the hospital howadays which will encourage the nurses to fully exert their abilities. and help to improve the nursing quality finally.