BACKGROUND:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been detected in bone and tooth, and its role in development and metabolism of bone and tooth tissue as wel as its clinical application has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the effect and mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in development and metabolism of bone and tooth tissues. METHODS: Papers addressing the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone and tooth tissue were retrieved by computer in Wanfang and PubMed databases with the key words of “brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB, p75NTR, signaling, bone, tooth, osteoblasts, osteoclasts” in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 53 papers were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor can be detected in various tissuesin vivo, and can regulate cel survival and apoptosis through binding its two receptors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone and tooth tissue can bind to target cels, induce or inhibit cel proliferation and differentiation, indicating that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is closely linked to bone and tooth tissue, and may play a role in growth and reconstruction of bone and tooth. Its mechanism of action is mainly through binding to TrkB receptor, to activate downstream pathways and affect differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cels, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and periodontal ligament cels. Interaction between p75NTR receptor and TrkB receptor may be one of the factors affecting cel differentiation or proliferation.

The biodistribution and the radio activity in blood clearance of 99m Tc AMLCA were determined in 5 normal dogs by whole body imaging and measuring the radio activity in blood samples at 2,4,8 and 24h after 99m Tc AMLCA injection. The feasibility of imaging of the site of myocardial infarct was determined in 2 of the experimental MI dogs by demonstration of the left ventricle blood pool imaging (LVBPI) with 99m Tc AMLCA and by subsequent imaging of the excised heart. The results showed that the plasma concentration of 99m Tc AMLCA decreased rapidly from 51 5%?5 2% at 2nd hr to 27 3%?3 1% at 4th, 12 3%?1 8% at 8 hr and 5 6%?0 6% at 24th after the injection. The LVBPI in one MI dog showed that the region of the radionuclide concentration of 99m Tc AMLCA corresponded to region of absence of 99m Tc MIBI. The scintigraphy in another MI dog heart slices showed that the region of the radionuclide concentrate of 99m Tc AMLCA corresponded to the region of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The measurement of double radionuclides in the double interesting region in the MI dog heart slices indicated that the infarct myocardium uptook 99m Tc AMLCA specifically. These findings suggested that 99m Tc AMLCA scintigraphy might be a new approach for detecting and localizing MI

Objective To compare Th1/Th2 drift situation in patients with lymphoma with that in patients with solid tumors, and establish the effective immune function detectable criterion of lymphoma in biological treatment process. Methods The whole blood samples of 10 patients with lymphoma, 202 patients with solid tumors including 36 patients with upper digestive tract cancer, 64 colorectal cancer, 43 lung cancer and 20 the other malignancies, and 30 healthy persons as controls were collected. Stimulation agent was used to stimulate the cells in order to increase cell factor expression and fluorescent labeled specific anti-cytokine monoclonal antibody was used to bind with specific antigen. The expression of specific cytokines was detected by flow cytometry. Results Positive percentages of IFN- γ and IL-4 and ratio of IFN- γ /IL-4 in CD+4 T cells of human peripheral blood had statistically differences between in patients with lymphoma and controls (P < 0.05). The ratio of Thl/Th2 (CD+4 intracellular cytokine INF-α/IL-4) in patients with lymphoma was lower than that in patients with upper digestive tract cancers (esophagus and stomach cancers) (P = 0.023), however, had no statistical differences with that in patients with other solid tumors (colorectal, lung, kidney, breast and other tumors), but had a downward trend. Conclusion Immune functions in patients with lymphoma are lower than those in patients with solid tumors and immune treatment is a necessary to adjuvant chemotherapy. The ratio of Th1/Th2 (INF- α/IL-4) is expected to become effective detection criterion.

Platelet function testing is essential for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.Only simple and convenient method of platelet function testing can become the conventional detection method for patients with ischemic stroke and can be used to the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke in clinical practice.

Objective:To observe the change of endogenous erythropoietin(EPO) in patients undergoing elective major surgeries and the impact of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on blood viscosity of animalsunder normal physiologic al conditions. In addition, the effect of rhEPO on postoperative anemia in cardiac surgery patients was evaluated. Methods:Ten patients scheduled for elective major procedures were studied. Included criteria were no preoperative anemia, moderate intraoperative blood loss and no postoperative transfusion. Serum EPO levers were measured prior to operation, immediately after the operation, as well as on postoperative days(PODs) 1, 2, 4, 6, 8. The change of Hct was measured too. (EPO group) Six adult rabbits received 300IU/kg of rhEPO weekly for two weeks. Specimens of Hb, Hct, RBC, serum ALT, serum potassium and blood viscosity were obtained before, during and after administration of rhEPO. Six patients with postoperative anemia (Hb＜100g/L) who underwent cardiac surgeries received 300IU/kg of rhEPO weekly for two weeks. The changes of Hb,Hct were compared(rhEpO group). Results: In EPO group serum EPO concentration increased immediately after the operation, reached a peak level during 24-48h postoperatively and remained significantly elevated above the operative value until POD 8. Hct significantly declined after the operation and was still significantly lower than the preoperative value on POD 8.On the 12th day after applying rhEPO, Hb, Hct and RBC of the rabbits were increased significantly, (P＜0.01 ) but serum ALT, potassium and blood viscosity did not changed significantly. In rhEPO group, Hb, Hct increased significantly on the 14 days after applying rhEPO. Conclusion: It is effective and safe to treat postoperative anemia with a high dose of rhEPO in patients undergoing cardiac procedures. The administration of rhEPO corrects postoperative anemia quickly, then precludes many complications related to decrease oxygen delivery capacity.

BACKGROUND:Primary culture of neurons is an important way to study the structure and functions of the nervous system.It is also important to explore pathomechanism and medicine reaction of some ophthalmology diseases.OBJECTIVE:To explore an optimal way to the separation and culture of retinal and visual cortical neurons in new-bom rats through comparative observation of different primary culture methods.METHODS:Retinal and visual cortical neurons isolated from new-born rats were firstly cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% new-born calf serum and 10% F12 nutrient mixtures,followed by maintaining culture in Neurobasal medium containing 2% B27 serum-free supplements.Nissls staining was performed for neuron identification.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cultured neurons grew well with plump cell bodies and long processes.Nissls staining showed that the purity of retinal neurons was greater than 90% and the proportion of visual cortical neurons was higher than 50%.The results suggested that there are some differences in culturing methods and growth characteristics of retinal and visual cortical neurons of new-born rats,accordingly,different culture methods are required to obtain high purity neurons.

Objective To investigate the value of MR DWI in comparing inflammatory with metastastic lymph node in animal models of lymph disease.Methods Eighteen rabbits with benign lymphadenopathy and 9 rabbits with malignant lymphadenopathy underwent routine MRI and DWI examination.Independent-samples t test was used to compare the sizes and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between the two groups.Results Thirty-four inflammatory lymph nodes and 18 metastastic lymph nodes were observed .The size of lymph nodes was (8.14±2.79) and (6.29±1.48) mm in the benign and malignant groups, respectively.There was no significant statistical difference between the sizes of the two groups (t=2.624, P 0.05).Mean ADC value of lymph nodes was (1.19±0.31)×10-3mm2/s and (1.31±0.27)×10-3mm2/s in the benign and malignant groups, respectively.There was no significant statistical difference between the ADC values of benign and malignant lymph nodes (t=1.449,P 0.05).Conclusion DWI sequence can be used to show lymphadenopathy, but the ADC value is insufficient to differentiate benign lymph nodes from malignant lymphadenopathy.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of orthokeratology (Ortho-k) in treatment of myopia. Method Using Better Vision Contact lenses to treat 98 patients with myopia(192 eyes). The visual, the diopter of myopia and the corneal curvature were observed.Results Three monthes after treatment the myopia degree was reduced by-5 75D,astigmatism with rale was decreased by-2 75D,respectively,96 47% of low myopia (≤-3 00D),64 49% moderate-high myopia (-3 00D～-7 25D) were recovered to emmetropia. A positive correlation was found between the spherical equivalent and the corneal curvature (?=0 993,P

AIM To study the effect and mechanism of sildenafil on rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro . METHOD Rabbit corpus cavernosum(RCC) segments were incubated with various concentrations of sildenafil. The formation of cGMP was stimulated with 1 ?mol?L -1 sodium nitroprusside(SNP), and the cyclic GMP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassy technology. In the organ bath, strips of RCC were precontracted with 10 ?mol?L -1 phenylephrine. Sildenafil were added with increasing doses gradually, graded relaxations were induced using various concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and methacholine (MCH). RESULT In the presence of SNP, the cGMP concentration was increased in rabbit penile tissue, the increase of cGMP was greater when sildenafil was added. Sildenafil 10、100 nmol L -1 、1 ?mol?L -1 dose-dependently relaxed RCC strips. CONCLUSION Sildenafil increases cGMP concentration in RCC is attributed to the augmentation of NO/cGMP pathway, and the accumulation of cGMP improves the relaxation of RCC.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of mice cortex neuron cultured in vitro under different temperature, and the expression of skeleton protein (?-tubulin) in the neuron, and to study the relationship between ?-tubulin and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Methods The cerebral cortex neuron of embryonic mice was cultured in vitro. The cultured neuron was put in different temperature 7 days later. To observe the morphological changes of the neuron using optical microscope and the changes of the expression of ?-tubulin and HSP70 under different temperature using laser scanning confocal images. Results Optical microscopy indicated that drifting cells increased, and neural network became sparse in 38℃; some cells necrosed in 39℃; most cells necrosed, cell broke to pieces, axons drifted or disappeared in 42℃. Results of laser scanning confocal images indicated that after hyperthermia the fluorescence intensity of ?-tubulin was lower than that of controls, and the fluorescence intensity declined as the temperature elevated. The fluorescence intensity of HSP70 showed a bell-shape distribution curve, i.e. the highest value emerged at 39℃, whereas the lower values appeared at 37℃ and 42℃. Conclusion Heat stress leaded to the morphological changes of neuron. The disordered of skeleton protein may be responsible for the changes and HSP70 may take part in the process.