Upper extremities of thirty-two dead adults, after perfusing the arteries with red latex respectively, were dissected, observed, and measured to increase the accuracy and safety of the puncture of the brachial artery or radial artery.The brachial arteries and veins, radial arteries and veins, nerves surrounding these vessels, and aponeurosis of musculi biceps brachii were thoroughly observed .The method of locating the arteries on the body surface and the direction of puncturing the arteries were established.Suitable punctured parts should be selected according to the different conditions of patients.

As the particular "post-1990's generation's" entry to college,the psychological adaptation of medical freshmen is drawing more and more attention from each corner of colleges and the general public.This paper analyzes current issues in the psychological adaptation of medical freshmen and comes up with corresponding countermeasures,so as to improve the psychological quality and adaptability for medical freshmen.

Objective:To investigate the current status of,analyze its influencing factors and explore educational countermeasures,thus to provide evidence for establishing prevention model of medical students' soft addiction in medical colleges.Method:Using the self-designed questionnaire,a questionnaire survey related tosoft addiction was conduct among 780 medical students.The results were analyzed statistically.Results:At present,the proportion of soft addiction in medical students is relatively large.These students will affect their study and work because of the addiction to certain behaviors and have a negative impact on personal growth and self-development.Conclusion:University should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of medical students' soft addiction behavior.It should change the social concept of medical students,enhance interpersonal ability;improve their self-cultivation,stimulate the self-education;focus on time management,improve efficiency,overcome procrastination.

The immunohistochemical staining showed the connexin 43 (Cx43) was strongly expressed (average gray value, AGV=230±5), distributed at junction area and intercalated disks of cardiocytes in normal rats,and much less expressed (AGV 193±4) (P<0.01) and distribution-disorganized in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This may be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic myocardial lesions.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical disease which has a high mortality. In order to make the diagnosis and treatment much more promptly, rationally and effectively, this article briefly introduces some methods for assessment of the severity and risk of SAP by clinical manifestation, risk factors,scoring systems, radiology and laboratory examinations.

Eating disorders is a weight and eating related syndrome with cognitive,emotional and behavioral barriers.Prevention of eating disorders is significant.There are three theoretical models on the prevention of eating disorders:non-specific vulnerability-stressor model,social cognitive model,and critical social perspectives model.It's necessary to combine these three models together for effective prevention.

Objective:In order to find a possible relationship between the polymorphism of HLA A,DRB1 allele and susceptibility to cirrhosis due to hepatitis B.Methods:HLA A,DRB1 allele polymorphism in 61 patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis B were analyzed by DNA chip,146 healthy subjects as control group were also tested.Results:The most frequent alleles were HLA A02,11,24 for HLA A locus and HLA DRB112,09,04 for HLA DRB1 locus in control group respectively,the significantly increased frequencies of HLA A02(43 4% vs 29 1%,OR:1 87,P=0 005,95% CI:1 21 2 89)与HLA DRB107(13 9% vs 5 1%,OR:3 00,P=0 002,95% CI:1 48 6 07)、HLA DRB108(16 4% vs 6 8%,OR:2 67,P=0 003,95% CI:1 40 5 08)、HLA DRB111(12 3% vs 5 8%,OR:2 27,P=0 025,95% CI:1 11 4 64) were found in cirrhosis patients due to hepatitis B compared to the control group,the homozygotes of HLA A02 showed a tendency to increase in cirrhosis patients,but failed to reach statistical significance.Conclusion:HLA A02 and HLA DRB107、08、11 may be susceptibility genes for cirrhosis due to hepatitis B. [

Objective To investigate the effects of high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkC and the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75~ NTR) protein in laser-induced retinal injury. Methods The Wistar rats were anesthetized and exposed to frequency doubling Neodymium:Yttrium,aluminum garnet(ND:YAG,?=532nm) laser for 100 plus per eye, which were sacrificed on 12 hours,1,3,7,14 and 28 days after laser exposure and eyeball was taken out. We investigated retinal histology by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the expression of TrkA, TrkC and p75~ NTR protein was studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Results Immunohistochemistry results showed a differential distribution for these three neurotrophin receptors in the laser injuried retina. TrkA was enhanced in nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer(GCL) and inner nuclear layer(INL) ,which is the most nuclei of the ganglion cells, proximal M?ller cell end feet and a little cells in the innermost part of the INL, its peak of up-regulation was after day 1-3, after day 28 there was sustained. Whereas TrkC and p75~ NTR expression was enhanced in the outer nuclear layer(ONL), which is distal M?ller cell processes, TrkC up-regulated after 12 hours, its peak was on day 1-3, after day 28 there was sustained, p75~ NTR up-regulated after 24 hours, its peak was on day 3, on day 14-28 there was sustained in the GCL, which is proximal M?ller cell processes. Conclusion The expression of TrkA, TrkC and p75~ NTR participated in the course of laser injuried retinal pathology.

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma adrenomedullin(ADM) and C-type natriuretic peptide(CNP) levels with elderly hypertension(HPE).Methods The plasma levels of ADM and CNP were measured by radioimmunoassay in 136 cases of the HPE(group A) compared with that of in 40 cases healthy elders(group B).Results The plasma levelsof ADM and CNP increased significantly in group A compared with group B(P

Objective To investigate the serum C-reactive protein(CRP) concentrations in elder patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) and the change of serum CRP concentrations in patients with CHD treated with aspirin.Methods Ninety elder patients with CHD were administered aspirin at the dose of 100mg/d(CHD1 group),150mg/d(CHD2 group),200mg/d(CHD3 group).Normal subjects were selected as control(control group),there were thirty subjects in each group.The detected parameters included serum CRP concentrations for 0 and 12 weeks.Results CRP concentration in patients with coronary heart disease was significantly higher than that of the normal subjects(P