BACKGROUND: Abnormal neuronal discharge arose from the activation of cell membrane ion channels and transmembrane ion transport. The electric activity of the cells is associated with cell metabolism fundamentally through adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium(KATP) channels.Currently the involvement of KATP channels in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and the regulation of KATP channels by coriaria lacton (EL) remain unknown.OBJETCIVE: To investigate the changes of cell membrane KATP channels in rat hippocampal neurons in response to CL as an epilepsy-inducing agent, and explore the role of KATP channels in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Affiliated to Sichuan University, and Teaching and Research Section of Physiology,West China College of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic Medicine of Sichuan University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at Luzhou Medical College between May and December 2000. Hippocampus pyramidal neurons were obtained from neonatal Wistar rats and randomized into normal control group, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) group, DNP group, CL group, and electric conductance and dynamics group.METHODS: The hippocampus of newborn Wistar rats was separated under aseptic condition and cultured for 24 hours prior to treatment with 10 μmol/L cytarabine for selective cell culture for 7-10 days. The cells in good growth exhibiting typical morphology of pyramidal neurons were then selected for patch-clamp experiment. The cells in the normal control group were treated with normal saline, which was replaced by 5 mmol/L TEA in TEA group, by 30 μmol/L DNP then 0.5 mol/L ATP in DNP group, and by 1.0 mL/L CL then 1 μmol/L glibenclamide in CL group. In electric conductance and dynamics group, the clamp voltage was firstly adjusted to investigate the channel opening before CL was added to the cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Activity and curve of neuronal KATP channels; ② Effects of various clamp voltages on the channels activity and the effects of interventions with DNP, ATP and TEA; ③ Activation of neuronal membrane KATP channels induced by CL and the influence of glibenclamide.RESULTS: The reversal potential of the channels approximated 0 mV in homologous high-potassium solution. The opening of KATP channels increased along with the absolute value of the clamp voltage in a voltage-dependent manner, which was blocked by TEA. The electric current-voltage (Ⅰ-Ⅴ)curve could be fitted to a straight line with the electric conductance of (78.23±12.04) pS. Administration of 30 μmol/L DNP enhances the opening of the channels, which could be suppressed by 0.5 mol/L ATP.Addition of 1.0 mL/L CL to the cells caused obviously increased channel opening, which was suppressed by 1 μmol/L glibenclamide. The channel opening time was (1.754±0.060) ms for epileptic neuron τ01and (1.733±0.046) ms for normal neurons, showing no significant difference between them (n=25, t=0.147, P ＞ 0.05), but compared with the channel opening time of (2.441±0.265) ms for τ02 normal neurons, and duration was significantly prolonged in the epileptic neurons to reach (10.446±0.579)ms (n=25, t=0.000, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The opening of KATP channels is responsible for reducing the action potential frequency for neuronal protection, which might be a negative feedback mechanism.

Objective To explore the effect of formaldehyde on learning and memory and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cerebral tissues. Methods 40 ICR mice were randomly divided into four gropes: A-control group (NS was added into water bottle), B, C, D-three formaldehyde dose groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4% formaldehyde solution were added into water bottles). After 30 days of treatment, the ability of learning and memory were evaluated by Morris watermaze test and step-down test and the activity of SOD in the cerebral tissues was determined. Results In the Morris watermaze test (the fifth day), escapelaten latence in group C[ (29.23?5.56)s] and D[ (37.36?7.39)s] were significantly longer than group A[ (21.65?5.81)s](P

Objective: To screen the receiving solution used to study the transdermal absorption of strychnine in Jiufen spray. Methods: With recovery,Q-T equation and transdermal speed constant as the parameters, the improved Franz-cell and the skin of SD rats were used to screen the receiving solution from saline, saline-alcohol (7∶3,v∶v), pH phosphate buffer solution-alcohol (88∶2,v∶v), pH 7.4 phosphate buffer containing 25% alcohol. Results: The comparison of the inter-day and intra-day recoveries,Q-T equation and transdermal speed constant showed that saline-alcohol(7∶3) was the best for the study. Conclusion: It is indicated that saline-alcohol(7∶3) was the best receiving solution for the transdermal absorption study of Jiufen spray.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of single-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia in children. Methods The clinical efficacy of single-port laparoscopic and epidural anesthesia needle treatment for incarcerated inguinal hernia in children of 32 cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-two children were operated successfully. The operation time was (16.24 ± 4.67) min for unilateral hernia (in 25 cases) and (21.69 ± 5.85) min for bilateral hernia (in 7 cases). The blood loss was (2.50 ± 0.56) ml. The recovery time of intestinal peristalsis was (16.42 ± 4.86) h after surgery, and the postoperative hospital stay was (3.25 ± 0.82) d. Intraoperative exploration found 7 cases had concealed contralateral hernia;incarcerated hernia contents included bowel in 27 cases, ovaries in 3 cases, and greater omentum in 2 cases. All the incarcerations were successfully restored by hand and no-damage clamp assistance. The incarcerated organ had good blood flow in all the 32 cases. The follow-up time was (15.62 ± 5.34) months, and there was no recurrence and atrophy of testis or ovaries. Conclusions The single-port laparoscopic surgery for incarcerated inguinal hernia in children has advantages of preservation of anatomy of the inguinal canal easily to perform high ligation of hernial sac, and reduction under direct visual control. Meanwhile, occult inguinal hernia in the opposite side can be cured. It was a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure, being worthy of further clinical application.

Objective To explore the risk factors and investigate the intracranial vascular characteristics in elderly patients with WSI. Methods According to imaging features of DWI,56 cases of WSI were divided into CWSI,IWSI and MWSI group. Distribution of intracranial vascular le?sions in different groups was compared. The degree of middle cerebral artery(MCA)and internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis in different types of WSI was investigated. Results Among 56 cases,85.7%of them had a history of hypertension,53.6%had diabetes,62.5%had hyperlipoidemia, 51.8%had coronary heart disease(CHD),51.8%had smoking,and 73.2%of them had two or more risk factors. Totally 11 cases(19.6%)of them were cortical watershed infarction(CWSI),13(23.2%)of them were interior watershed infarction(IWSI),and 32(57.1%)of them were mixed cerebral watershed infarction(MWSI). Among all the patients,the incidence of MCA stenosis(37.5%)and ICA stenosis(53.6%)were signifi?cantly higher than the other intracranial vessels(χ2=37.188,P<0.001). The incidence of MCA stenosis in IWSI group was significant higher than CWSI and MWSI group(χ2=12.00,P<0.01). The incidence of ICA stenosis in MWSI group was significantly higher than CWSI group and IWSI group(χ2=11.10,P<0.01). Among all the patients,17 of them had severe stenosis or occlusion in MCA(30.4%),and 22 of them had severe ste?nosis or occlusion in ICA(39.3%). The incidence of severe stenosis or occlusion in MCA(58.8%)was significant higher in IWSI group(χ2=7.588,P<0.05)and those in ICA was significantly higher in MWSI group(χ2=7.091,P<0.05). Conclusion MWSI is more common in elderly patients with WSI. Most of the patients have more than one risk factors such as hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipoidemia,CHD and smoking. MCA and ICA lesions are more common than other intracranial vessels in elderly patients. IWSI is closely related with severe stenosis and occlusion of MCA,while MWSI is closely related with severe stenosis and occlusion of ICA.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of umbilical single- port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of children ovarian cysts. Methods The clinical efficacy of umbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of children ovarian cysts of 36 cases was analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-six children successfully completed surgery. The operative time was (27.8 ± 8.6) min, the diameter of ovarian cysts was (7.2 ± 2.4) cm, and the blood loss was (6. 5 ± 1.6) ml. All the children were confirmed to have benign ovarian cysts by pathological examination. Thirty-four children retained ovarian tissue after removal of the cyst, and 2 children underwent oophorectomy because of ovarian necrosis. The anus exhaust was recovered (18.4 ± 4.6) h after surgery, and the postoperative hospital stay was (4.2 ± 1.3) d. The children began to diet after anesthesia conscious. All the children recovered well, and no surgical complications occurred. The followed-up time was (24.6 ± 6.3) months, and no recurrence occurred. Conclusions Umbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of children ovarian cysts is easy, minimally invasive, no scar formation, quickly recovered and reliable. It is worth of further clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of health education pathway on type 2 diabetic patients by using the Meta-analysis.Methods The domestic main databases were searched,the quality of included studies which screened by certain standards was evaluated.The Review Manager 5.0software was taken for analysis.Results Totally 12 studies were included,containing 2115 cases of type 2 diabetic patients.The Meta-analysis showed there were significant differences between the health education pathway group and the control group in hospitalization days and hospitalization expenses,rate of patients' satisfaction and rate of mastering knowledge of diabetes mellitus,fasting blood glucose and 2h postprandial blood glucose.Conclusions Health education pathway for type 2 diabetic patients can shorten hospitalization days,decrease hospitalization expenses,increase rate of patients' satisfaction and rate of mastering knowledge as well as lower fasting blood glucose and 2h postprandial blood glucose.

Objective To establish the murine congenital infection model by MCMV and observe the pathological changes and infection status of brain tissue.Methods After anesthesia,mice who were pregnant 11-13.5 days (E11-13.5 d) were intra-amniotic injected one uterus by one with virus (MCMV K181 suspension,1 μl,1×103 PFU).The control group of the same period was intra-anmiotic injected with culture medium DMEM (1 μl).Carefully reset the uteruses and close the abdomen.After 5 days of separated feeding,kill the pregnant mice,take the fetus out of the uterus,anesthetize and kill them.Make frozen sections of these fetal brains.Some sections were stained using conventional HE method,to observe the pathological changes under the light microscope.Detect MCMV early antigen in the brain tissue by immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence assay.Results The survival rates of the infected group were 71.9％.Compared with the control group,intra-amniotic inoculation of MCMV does not affect the rate of fetal survival,fetal absorption,fetal death and the average weight of the heads,but decrease their average weight of the bodies.The pathological changes are found in the brain tissue of the mouse in the infection group.Through enzyme immunohistochemistry assay,there are many MCMV infected cells in brain-ventricular zone,brain subependymal zone,cerebral cortex and hippocampus area in the infection group.Similar findings were observed by immunofluorescence method.Conclusion By intra-amniotic injection of MCMV suspension,murine model of MCMV congenital infection can be successfully established.This model could be used to study the mechanisms of encephalodysplasia caused by congenital CMV infection in vivo.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum levels of leptin and the physieal development and the infuences of diseases on the levels of leptin in prematurities.Methods To collect the clinical data as well as weights,lengths of 40 sick premature infants(sick group)and 30 premature infants without sick diseases(control group)and to test the serum levels of leptin using radioimmunoassay(RIA)at 1d,7d and 12d of life,and to analyze the differences of serum levels of leptin and weights,lengths and body mass index(BMI)between two groups.Results In both groups the BMI and the serum levels of leptin were decreased at d7 of life and reincreased at d12 of life(P＜0.01),and the serum leptin levels were corresponding to the changes of the physical development of premature infants at ld,7d and 12d of life(P＜0.01).The serum leptin levels were lower in sick group compared with control group at 7d and 12d of life(P＜0.05).Conclusion It suggested that there was positive correlation between serum leptin level and the physieal development in prematurities and diseases had negative influences to the leptin levels.

Objective To design a method for detecting multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf position accuracy in implementing a static intensity-modulated plan and to analyze the impacts of leaf errors on dose of targets and normal organs.Methods Static intensity-modulated planning for twenty lung cancer cases through dose verification was sorted in an ascending order according to the number of segment,and then the first and the last 10 plans were sorted as the simple plan group and the complex plan group,respectively.These plans were transmitted to a Varian 600CD accelerator and implemented by it.Photos were taken with PV aS500 electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and actual position of leafs was determined by gradient algorithm to calculate the pass rate for leaf verification.MLC files were modified according to examination results and the plans were re-calculated while keeping other parameters unchanged.Thus,difference of targets and normal organs dose distribution before and after the appearance of leaf errors were obtained.Results The dose distribution of most organs after leaf errors were increased or decreased,and the maximum dose of spinal cord in the sixth and thirteen cases exceeded the limit of 45 Gy.In the group of simple plan only the changes of maximum dose to the spinal cord were statistically significant(t =-3.08,P ＜ 0.05),while in the group of the complex plan all changes of D95％ of PGTV and PTV,maximum dose of the spinal cord,V20 of lung and V40 of heart were statistically significant(t =-1.89,-1.99,-2.36,-2.55,-1.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions To ensure the safety and effects,it was necessary to detect leaf position,particularly the complex intensity-modulated planning.Electronic portal imaging devices and treatment planning system could detect leaf positions during the implementation of a plan and obtain the actual dose of targets and normal organs.