Initiated by the Library of Congress, BIBFRAME provides a foundation for the future of bibliographic description, both on the web, and in the broader networked world.The BIBFRAME metamodel is designed to be lightweight, flexible and able to accommodate the declarative needs of both existing ( RDA, DACS, VRA, etc..) and yet-to-be-developed community vocabularies .In addition to being a replacement for MARC, BIBFRAME serves as a general model for expressing and connecting bibliographic data .After the background of BIBFRAME was described , its structure , attribute and contents were analyzed , its 3 basic elements , namely attribute , unique-ness and relevance , were pointed out , and its model and vocabulary were discussed .

Eleven-week-old SD rats were randomized into control and calorie restriction group. The pancreatic β cell function and oxidative stress indexes in the two groups were compared after 24-week intervention. The results showed that calorie restriction, which started from young age, improved the early insulin secretion after glucose loading and alleviated the oxidative stress in adult rats, which wag related to the reduction of body weight.

Objective To observe the changes of visual acuity?multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and optical coherence tomogram(OCT) before and after successful idiopathic macular hole (IMH) surgery, and evaluate the efficiency of the IMH surgery. Methods A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients with IMH who underwent vitrectomy during February 2001 and May 2002 in our hospital were collected. visual acuity, mfERG, and OCT were examined preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The results were analyzed statistically compared with 33 eyes in control group. Results (1) OCT showed that 27 eyes (96.43%) had anatomic closure of the macular hole 1 month after the surgery without recurrence in 12 months. Just 1 eye (3.57%) failed in the closure within 1 year. (2) The visual acuity was much higher in the eyes 1 year after surgery, especially within 6 months postoperatively, than that before the vitrectomy(P

ObjectiveTo study tear film functions of diabetes mellitus with pterygium before and after surgery.MethodsNinety patients with single side pterygium were divided into 3 groups with 30 cases each:simple pterygium (treatment group A ),pterygium combination with type 1 diabetes mellitus (treatment group B) and pterygium combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus(treatment group C).Ninety patients without pterygium were divided into 3 groups with 30 cases each:normal (control group A),type 1 diabetes mellitus (control group B) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (control group C ).Tear film functions were compared in each group before surgery,while tear film functions in treatment group B and C were compared between before and after surgery.ResultsBefore surgery,there was no significant difference among each group in lacrimal secretion test.Every group's tear film break-up time(BUT) was abnormal except control group A.Cornea fluorescein staining (CFS) score in treatment group B compared with control group B,and treatment group C compared with control group C were significant differences [ (9.08 ± 0.48 ) scores vs.(3.43 ± 0.51 )scores and (10.31 ±0.94) scores vs. (7.91 ±0.51 ) scores,P＜0.05].There was significant difference in mucus fern test(MFT) between treatment group B and control group B (P＜0.05).Tear clearance rate (TCR) were all abnormal except control group A.Before surgery compared with after surgery between treatment group B and treatment group C,there was no significant difference in lacrimal secretion test (P＞0.05 ),but there were significant differences in BUT,CFS score and MFT,the TCR were normal.Conclusion Diabetes mellitus with pterygium will aggravate damage in tear film functions,and these damaged functions could be recovered through pterygium surgery with conjunctival limbal autograft.

Objective To investigate the etiology,characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in China,and to investigate the main causes of different population.Methods Literature on the causes of UGIB were retrieved and screened according to strict inclusion and exclusion standards.Results A total of 15733 UGIB patients were enrolled in the study.The most common causes of UGIB were duodenal ulcer (31.2％),gastric ulcer (15.2％),acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGML) (12.0％),cancer (11.7％),and esophageal varices (11.3％).The incidences of duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer,AGML,esophageal varices,cancer were 32.3％,15.1％,12.1％,7.2％,and 12.5％ before 2006,and 29.7％,15.4％,11.1％,15.3％,and 10.9％ after 2006.The ratio of male to female was 3.25: 1.The most common causes of UGIB in older patients were gastric ulcer,cancer,AGML,duodenal ulcer,esophageal varices,while those in children were duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer and AGML.Conclusion Peptic ulcers,AGML,cancer and esophageal varices were the most common causes of UGIB in China.The causes of UGIB have changed significantly in the past 5 years (P ＜0.01).

AIM: To investigate the effects of poly (I:C) as virus mimics on iodine excess-induced chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in NOD mouse. METHODS: Female, 32 NOD mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) control;(2) high iodine;(3) poly (I:C);(4) high iodine+poly (I:C). Nine weeks after administration, mice were sacrificed. The following parameters were determined: body weight, thyroid weight and anatomic form. Thyroid hormone (T_4) in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay, the thyroid morphology was observed through HE staining, apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, the mRNA expression levels of TRAIL, TRAIL-sR1, ICAM-1 and CXCL10 were determined by the method of real time RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared to control group and poly (I:C) group, the thyroid absolute weight and relative weight in high iodine group were increased (P<0.01), the level of total T_4 in serum was decreased (P<0.05), inflammation and apoptosis were obviously observed, the mRNA expressions of TRAIL, TRAIL-sR1, CXCL10 and ICAM-1 were upregulated (P<0.05). Compared to high iodine group, thyroid absolute weight and relative weight in high iodine+poly (I:C) group were further increased, the level of total T_4 in serum was further decreased (P<0.05), the ratio of inflammatory degree Ⅳ increased to 50.0%, the numbers of apoptosis cells were further enhanced, the mRNA expressions of TRAIL, TRAIL-sR1, ICAM-1 and CXCL10 were further upregulated (P<0.05). Otherwise, the tendency of all parameters in poly (I:C) group was similar to that in control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Poly (I:C) aggravates chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis induced by excess of iodine associated with increase in infiltration of lymphocytes and induction of apoptosis.

Background and purpose: Germline variation in Tg (thyroglobulin) and TSHR (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) confers an increased risk of benign thyroid disorders. Benign thyroid disorders are strong risk factors for non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC). To explore the hypothesis that polymorphic variation in these genes affects the risk of NMTC. Methods: Tg A7589G and TSHR C253A polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (FCR-RFLP) method, to analyze the relationship between the Tg and TSHR gene polymorphisms and NMTC in NMTC and control groups. Results: Among 360 cases, there was no statistic difference in the frequencies of genotype and allele of TSHR C253A between NMTC and control groups. There were Tg A7589G polymorphisms in the 360 cases. The frequencies ofAG+GG genotype in NMTC group were significantly higher than those in control groups (P<0.05). The frequencies of G allele in NMTC group were significantly higher than those in control groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: There were Tg A7589G gene polymorphisms in NMTC and control groups. G allele may be the predisposing gene of NMTC.

Objective Through detecting the expression of chemokine CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 in thyroiditis of NOD mice induced by excessive iodine and thyroglobulin (Tg) immunization,to explore the mechanism of lymphocytic infiltration.Methods Seven to eight weeks old female NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice were used,the mice were divided into four groups by random number table,7 mice for each group.Control group:intoke distilled water;,Tg group:intoke'distilled water,use pig Tg emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant subcutaneous injection to immunization,0.10 mg Tg for each mouse at 8 weeks old,strengthened immunity at 11 and 15 weeks old (0.05 mg Tg for each mouse,and emulsified by Freund's incomplete adjuvant); iodine excess (HI) group:intoke 0.05％ NaI water; iodine excess combined with Tg (HI + Tg) group:intoke 0.05％ NaI water,Tg immunization method was same to Tg group; all mice were raised in specific pathogen free (SPF) environment.All mice were executed at 16 weeks old,and removed the thyroid tissue.Morphologic change in thyroid was observed by HE staining.Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to observe CD3,CD22,CCL21 and CCR7 expression in thyroid.Real-time PCR was used to detect CCL21 mRNA expression in thyroid.Results The morphologic change of thyroid was observed under the light microscope,in HI group,thyroid follicle distended,colloid accumulation,lymphocytes accumulate together and disorganization was seen; Tg group thyroid had scatted lymphocytes; HI + Tg group enhanced inflammation response and disorganization.IF staining showed that lymphocytes infiltrated in thyroid were almost CD3+ T cells,only few scatted CD22+ B cells; CCL21 and CCR7 were negative in control group,CCR7 positive cells were scatted in Tg group but no CCL21 expression,in HI and HI + Tg groups,we could see CCL21 strong positive expression in inflammation area and also had CCR7 positive cells there.CCL21 mRNA relative expression in thyroid:Tg group (3.20 ± 0.18),HI group (1.72 ± 0.31),and HI ± Tg group (9.94 ± 0.32) increased compared to control group (1.00 ± 0.17,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 have improved lymphocytic infiltration in autoimmune thyroiditis

Objective To identify the effect of long hazardous drinking on cardiovascular function and cardiovascu?lar abnormalities among alcohol dependent patients. Methods A follow-up survey was conducted, 72 potential patients who were diagnosed as having alcohol dependence were recruited into case group and 75 staff who underwent routine health examination were subjected into control group. Furthermore, 52 patients were subdivided into long hazardous drinking group (GroupⅠ) according to the classification of alcohol consumption published by WHO. The rest patients in the case group were considered as not long hazardous drinkers (GroupⅡ). The blood lipid data, echocardiography and ca?rotid artery brachial artery ultrasonography measurement data were compared between the three groups. The high risk fac?tors for cardiovascular abnormalities among alcohol dependence patients were analyzed. And one year after discharge, telephone follow-up method was used to obtain the incidence of cardiovascular accident among patients. Results The dis?tribution of blood lipid data among GroupⅠ, Ⅱ and control group were not significantly different (P>0.05). The LVEF score in GroupⅠwas significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). The LAAEF score in GroupⅠwas signifi? cantly higher than that in control group and that in the GroupⅡ(P<0.05). While the FDM and IMT score in the GroupⅠwas significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). In the case group, the duration of drinking alcohol was neg?atively associated with LAPEF (r=-0.246, P=0.014) and LAAEF (r=0.239, P=0.016). The average daily alcohol consump?tion was positively associated with LVEF (r=0.256, P=0.010), while negatively correlated with FMD (r=-0.256,P=0.010). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long hazardous drinking was an independent risk factor for cardiovas?cular abnormalities (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.060~1.678). Conclusion Long hazardous drinking can reduce left ventricular diastolic and vascular endothelial function. It is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular abnormalities in alcohol de?pendent patient.

AIM:To investigate the effects of poly (I:C) as virus mimics on iodine excess-induced chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in NOD mouse. METHODS:Female,32 NOD mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:(1) control; (2) high iodine; (3) poly (I:C); (4) high iodine+poly (I:C). Nine weeks after administration,mice were sacrificed. The following parameters were determined:body weight,thyroid weight and anatomic form. Thyroid hormone (T4) in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay,the thyroid morphology was observed through HE staining,apoptosis was detected by TUNEL,the mRNA expression levels of TRAIL,TRAIL-sR1,ICAM-1 and CXCL10 were determined by the method of real time RT-PCR. RESULTS:Compared to control group and poly (I:C) group,the thyroid absolute weight and relative weight in high iodine group were increased (P0.05). CONCLUSION:Poly (I:C) aggravates chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis induced by excess of iodine associated with increase in infiltration of lymphocytes and induction of apoptosis.