Objective To explore the antibacterial activity of garlic solution against Campylobacter jejuni,and to provide theoriti-cal basis for further utilization of garlic.Methods Mashed garlic and extracted garlic solution.Antimicrobial susceptibility was de-termined by usig K-B disk diffusion test and broth dilution method.Results The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of garlic solution against campylobacter jejuni was 40%.It showed positive correlation between bacteriostatic effect and concentration of gar-lic solution.Conclusion Garlic solution has strong bacteriostasis function to campylobacter jejuni.

BACKGROUND:Under different induction conditions,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into the mesodermal tissues such as osteoblasts,chondroblasts,muscle cells,adipocytes and so on.OBJECTIVE:To verify the effect on repairing the rabbit articular cartilage injury using bone marrow mesenchymal stern cells (MSCs)induced by tissue engineering method.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled animal experiment was performed in the Clinical Center Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College between May 2005 and December 2007.MATERIALS:Twenty health New Zealand rabbits,irrespective of genders,aged 2-3 months,were used.METHODS:①Rabbit bone marrow MSCs were cultured in vitro,experiment group was cultured for one week withdexamethasone,basic fibroblast growth factor and vitamin C,then for additional 3 weeks with transforming growth factor-β instead of basic fibroblast growth factor;calls without inductors served as controls;②Twenty rabbits were used to establish knee articular cartilage defect models,which were then divided into three groups at random. Experiment group (n=5) was transplanted with the induced bone marrow MSCs;control group with the non-induced cells;blank control group with saline. At 2,4,6,8 weeks postoperation,two rabbits in the experiment group were killed,while one animal in control group and blank control group was killed for the index determination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Cell morphology. ②Alkaline phosphatase activities.③General observation. ④X-ray observation.⑤Histological observation.RESULTS:①The morphology of the induced bone marrow MSCs was changed,from long fusiform to polygon,which was similar to cartilage calls-like morphology.②After the bone marrow MSCs were induced for 4 weeks,the alkaline phosphatase activities were obviously enhanced(P＜0.05).③Eight weeks after transplantation,the specimens in the experiment group exhibited smooth surface and unclear outlines with surrounding cartilage;X-ray results showed joint space broadened,subchondral bone sack was improved;histological slices observation revealed similarity with normal chondrocytes.CONCLUSION:Autologous MSCs transplantation can repair articular cartilage injury.

Objective To evaluate the impact of the intrauterine device (IUD) insertion on the mental state of women.Methods From Jan.2009 to Jun.2010,a multi-center clinical observational study was performed.Totally 641 women were selected in the six provinces' 18 family planning service stations and hospitals for IUD insertion surgery study.Analysis of the change of women's mental state which was evaluated by symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale before and after IUD insertion surgery.Results Before and after IUD insertion surgery,10 factors' scores in SCL-90 of the observed objects were between 1.1 to 1.2,total scores were 107 ± 27 and 105 ± 25,respectively.Before and after surgery,total average score both were 1.2,the average score of positive items both were 2.1.The difference of the above results were not statistically significance (all P ＞0.05).Preoperative and postoperative,the rate of positive items was 9.2％-19.6％ and 7.7％-17.6％,respectively.In addition to anxiety and fear,the rate of other factors' positive items postoperative was significantly lower than those in the preoperative (all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of the observed objects postoperative of each factor score,deteriorated was in the range of 4.9％ to 23.0％,improved was in the range of 26.3％-50.1％.The incidence of total scores,deterioration was 28.8％ (166/575),improved was 45.6％ (262/575).The incidence of the average score of positive items,deterioration was 3.7％ (21/575),improved was 52.3％ (301/575).Logistic analysis showed that,in addition to unit level,there were no other significant influencing factors for women' mental state of postoperative (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion IUD insertion surgery has no adverse effect on women's mental state.

Objective:To compare the treatment outcomes of neoadjoint therapy combined with liver transplantation versus radical hepatectomy for patients with surgically resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on the data of 64 patients with resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma operated from January 2009 to December 2014 at the Organ Transplantation Department of the First Central Hospital of Tianjin. There were 43 males and 21 females, with an average age of 61.2 years. There were 45 patients who underwent radical hepatectomy in the liver resection group, and 19 patients who underwent combined neoadjuvant therapy (radiotherapy combined with 5-fluorouracil intravenous drip, transcatheter lumen radiotherapy, capecitabine oral administration) and liver transplantation in the liver transplantation group. The recurrence rates and survival rate were compared between groups.Results:The 1, 3 and 5 years cumulative survival rates of the liver transplantation group were 89.5%, 73.7% and 63.2%, respectively, which were significantly better than those of the liver resection group (80.0%, 53.3% and 35.6%) ( P<0.05). The postoperative tumor recurrence rate in the liver transplantation group was 31.6% (6/19), which was significantly lower than that in the liver resection group of 60.0% (27/45) ( P<0.05). Subgroup analysis using postoperative pathological results showed the cumulative survival rates of patients without lymph node metastasis (N 0) and those with negative resection margins (R 0) were not significantly different between groups ( P>0.05). However, for patients with regional lymph node invasion (N 1) and with R 0 resection margin, the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years after liver transplantation were 83.3%, 66.7% and 50.0%, respectively, which were significantly superior to the 64.3%, 28.6% and 14.3% of the liver resection group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Hepatectomy is recommended for patients with N 0 R 0 resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. For patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma with marginally resectable N 1R 0, neoadjuvant therapy combined with liver transplantation resulted in significantly better long-term overall survival than resection.

Objective To compare the difference of clinical efficacy between surgical magnifying glass and surgical microscope assisted hepatic artery reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods Clinical data of 272 donors and recipients undergoing LDLT were retrospectively analyzed. According to different patterns of hepatic artery reconstruction, all recipients were divided into the magnifying glass group (n=189) and microscope group (n=83). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hepatic artery reconstruction site, diameter of anastomosis, incidence of postoperative complications and survival rate of recipients were statistically compared between two groups. Results Compared with the microscope group, the operation time, hepatic artery reconstruction time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly less in the magnifying glass group (all P < 0.001). The most common site of hepatic artery reconstruction was the right hepatic artery in two groups, and the diameter of anastomosis was (2.1±0.9) mm in the magnifying glass group and (2.1±0.8) mm in the microscope group, with no statistical significance between two groups (P > 0.05). The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates of recipients in the magnifying glass group were 88%, 86% and 85%, which did not significantly differ from 89%, 87% and 86% in the microscope group (all P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications did not significantly differ between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of hepatic artery reconstruction in LDLT under surgical magnifying glass are equivalent to those under surgical microscope, with less operation workload and intraoperative blood loss. For experienced transplantation surgeons, it is recommended to perform hepatic artery reconstruction assisted by surgical magnifying glass.

Objective To compare differences of clinical factors related to early pregnancy loss between invitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment and natural pegnancy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the 363 cases of early pregnancy loss between Dec. 2015 to May 2016 in Peking University Third Hospital, during which 173 cases were after IVF-ET treatment(IVF-ET group), and others were natural pregnancies(natural group). Results The average age in IVF-ET group was significantly higher than that in the natural group [(34.1±4.3)versus(31.8±4.1)years old, P<0.01]. The terminating time of pregnancy loss in IVF-ET group was short than that in the natural group [(59.8±9.2) versus(69.9 ± 11.1)days, P<0.01]. The incidence of embryo abnormal chromosome in IVF-ET group was significantly lower than that in the natural group [57.2%(99/173)versus 74.2%(141/190), P<0.01], during which abnormal chromosome numbers were the most common. Conclusions The pregnancy loss of early pregnancy is mainly caused by chromosome abnormality. The proportion of chromosome abnormality in early pregnancy loss after IVF-ET is not higher than that of natural pregnancy, indicating that there are relatively reliable gametes and embryo safety in IVF treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of Maiqi-Jiangtang pill on the glycolipid level in type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice.Methods The 8-week old male ob/ob mice were randomly divided into Maiqi-Jiangtang pill high- (8 g/kg), medium- (4 g/kg), low- (2 g/kg) dose groups. All the mice orally adiministered with the drugs once a day for 10 weeks. The same week age normal C57BL/6J control mice and ob/ob model group mice were orally administered with the equal volume solvent. The body weight per week were recorded. The fasting blood-glucose (FBG) was measured by glycemic instrument. The content of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C in serum, and TG and TC content in liver were determined by biochemical method. The liver index was calculated.Results Compared with ob/ob model group, there was no significant change in body weight of mice administered with Maiqi-Jiangtang pill for 10 weeks. Compared with the model group, the low-, medium- dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could significantly decrease the FBG (7.43 ± 1.71 mmol/L,7.84 ± 1.09 mmol/L vs.8.95 ± 0.96mmol/L), the high- dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could significantly reduce the TG (0.93 ± 0.16 mmol/L vs.1.18 ± 0.26 mmol/L) and LDL-C (2.10 ± 0.51 mmol/L vs.2.56 ± 0.44 mmol/L) content in serum of ob/ob mice (P<0.05), increase the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (2.40 ± 0.39vs.1.96 ± 0.24) in serum (P<0.01), decrease the liver weight (3.52 ± 0.26 gvs. 3.98 ± 0.35 g) and the liver index (0.063 ± 0.004vs. 0.071 ± 0.006) (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the low dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could also significantly decrease the TG level (0.63 ± 0.25 mmol/gvs. 1.05 ± 0.67 mmol/g) in liver and significantly increase the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (2.30 ± 0.44vs. 1.96 ± 0.24) in serum (P<0.05).Conclusions The Maiqi-Jiangtang pill can reduce lipid in serum and liver of ob/ob mice while it can decrease the blood glucose, which need to further study its mechanism.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of levosimendan on acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats.Methods:Twenty-five healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( n=5), levosimendan group ( n=10) and experimental group ( n=10). A cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation model was established using smothering method in the experimental group and levosimendan group. The levosimendan group was treated with levosimandan during and after resuscitation, while the experimental group was given equivalent volume of saline solution during and after resuscitation, and the control group was only given equivalent volume of saline without performance of CPR. The rats in the three groups were sacrificed at 6 h after resuscitation. The serum and kidney tissue samples were collected. Serum biochemical indicators [serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (Bun), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were measured. HE staining and Paller score were used to identify the degree of kidney damage. Apoptosis was estimated by TUNEL staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK). One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of normally distributed measurement data between groups. Comparisons between groups were performed using the least significant difference t-test. Results:Scr (85.02±1.31) μmol/L, Bun (7.36±0.13) mmol/L, Paller score (7.3±0.2), IL-1β (302.20±17.35) pg/mL, IL-6 (564.60±23.24) pg/mL and TNF-α (1346±83.73) pg/mL in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group [(15.94±0.96) μmol/L, (2.95±0.18) mmol/L, (0.7±0.2), (7.27±0.44) pg/mL, (51.30±2.87) pg/mL, and (10.39±0.52) pg/mL] (all P<0.01). Compared with the experimental group, Scr (63.88±2.01) μmol/L, Bun (5.45±0.47) mmol/L, paller score (4.8±0.2), IL-1β (78.61±3.66) pg/mL, IL-6 (297.90±13.64) pg/mL and TNF-α (276.2±20.18) pg/mL were significantly decreased in the levosimendan group (all P<0.01). TUNEL staining showed that levosimendan could improve the apoptosis of renal cells ( P<0.01). The expression of p-ERK protein in the levosimendan group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Lovosimendan could attenuate acute kidney injury following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation via suppression apoptosis. The mechanism of levosimendan protective effect might be associated with activation of ERK signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish an animal model of acute systemic cold injury in mice.Methods:There were 98 C57BL/6 mice, half male and half female, with body weight of 22-27 g and age of 10 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into 7 groups ( n=14) according to the changes of anal temperature in cold environment, namely, group A (38.5 ± 1) ℃, group B (35 ± 1) ℃, group C (30 ± 1) ℃, group D (25 ± 1) ℃, group E (20 ± 1) ℃, group F (15 ± 1) ℃, and group G (10 ± 1) ℃, among which, group A was the blank control group, and the rest groups were the experimental group. The mice in the blank control group were placed in the normal environment (20 ± 5) ℃, and the mice in the experimental group were placed in the low temperature artificial climate box at - 20℃. The anal temperature of the mice was measured intermittently (as the core temperature), and the time required for the core temperature of the mice to drop to groups B, C, D, E, F and G was recorded. The righting reflex was used to evaluate the consciousness state, the action ability and the general state of each organ of mice were observed, and the blood routine and HE staining of each organ were detected. Results:The lower the core temperature of the experimental group, the longer the time required. The consciousness state, action ability, general state of organs, blood routine, and HE staining of organs in groups B, C, and D were basically the same as those in group A, and there was no acute systemic cold injury. Therefore, the blood routine, general observation of organs, and HE staining of organs in groups B, C, and D were no longer displayed compared with those in group A. Compared with group A, mice in group E began to suffer from disturbance of consciousness and action ability. With the decrease of core body temperature, the damage was aggravated, and mice in group G died. Compared with group A, the indices of blood routine test (WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT) of mice in group E began to decrease, and the univariate variance calculation showed that only WBC changes had statistical significance ( P<0.05). Compared with groups A and E, the indices of blood routine test (WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT) of mice in group F were further reduced, and the changes of each index in univariate variance calculation were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The general observation results showed that compared with group A, the lung, liver and spleen surfaces of mice in group E began to darken, and compared with groups A and E, the lung, liver, spleen, kidney and heart of mice in group F were further deepened and darkened, with irregular edges. HE staining results of various organs showed that compared with group A, the mice in group E began to have partial alveolar structure destruction and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the central vein of the liver was slightly congested, and the red and white pulp of the spleen were indistinct. Compared with groups A and E, the pathological structure damage of the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart and brain tissues of the mice in group F was further aggravated. Conclusions:Detection of consciousness state, action ability, general state of organs, blood routine and HE staining indices of organs in mice under low temperature can simulate the progress of clinical acute cold injury, and the animal model of acute systemic cold injury was successfully prepared.

AIM: To find specific metabolic markers for women entering peri-menopausal period and patients with menopausal syndrome based on