The construction and management must be unified,the teaching content must be specified and the teaching methods should be improved.Integrable ware teaching library for sexual health education was constructed taking teaching and research section as unit.In the process of teaching,initial resuhs were achieved and teaching efficiency was improved.In the future,teaching material library and platform construction should be improved in order to meet the requirements of modem teaching.

Objective To investigate healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in different departments in a children’s hos-pital,and provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of HAI in children.Methods By bed-side visiting and medical record reviewing,survey on HAI prevalence rate was conducted among hospitalized patients in a given day in 2012, 2013,and 2014 respectively,and surveyed data of three years were analyzed.Results HAI prevalence rates in 2012,2013, and 2014 were 6.52%,5.59%,and 5.85% respectively,there was no significant difference (χ2 =1.02,P =0.60);the average HAI prevalence rate in three years was 5.98%,there was significant difference in average HAI prevalence rate among different departments(χ2 =291.83,P <0.001 ),the top 4 departments of HAI prevalence rate was hematology (27.49%),cardiothoracic surgery (21.13%),neonatal intensive care unit (16.43%),and pediatric intensive care unit (12.76%);the main infection sites were lower respiratory tract (58.44%),upper respiratory tract (22.63%),and gas-trointestinal tract (6.58%);the main pathogens causing HAI was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=32,28.32%),followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (n=9,7.96%),Escherichia coli (n=9,7.96%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=7,6.19%). Conclusion Strengthening prevention and control intervention of HAI in high risk departments has important significance to reduce the incidence of HAI in children’s hospital.

Objective: To analyze the negative emotions of college students men who have sex with men (MSM) and associated factors, so as to provide reference for alleviating MSM anxiety and depression. Methods: A total of 198 young MSM who had homosexual sex in recent 6 months during June 2019 to June 2020 were selected. Negative emotions were assessed by using Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related factors of negative emotion of young MSM in school. Results: The proportion of young MSM with anxiety or depression was 42.93% ( n = 85). In the negative emotion group, score of specialty and social support rating scale (SSRS) <20 points, no publicity intervention, high number of anal sex (>2), occasional or non condom use in recent anal intercourse were 50.59%, 41.18%, 54.12%, 69.14 %, 77.64%, respectively, which were significantly higher than in the non negative emotion group (32.74%, 18.58%, 30.09 %, 47.79%, 57.52%) ( χ 2=6.15, 12.21, 5.20, 9.26, 10.11, P <0.05). Junior college, SSRS score <20, no publicity intervention, high number of anal intercourse (>2), occasional or non condom use in recent anal intercourse were positively correlated with negative emotions of young MSM in school ( OR values were 1.65, 1.14, 1.90, 2.15, 1.21, P <0.05). Conclusion Anxiety and depression are prevalent among young MSM in schools, which are closely related to educational background, SSRS score, the number of anal sex and condom use during anal intercourse.

Objective:To provide clinical evidence-based prognosis for patients with postpartum HEELP syndrome complicated with acute renal failure. Methods:The clinical question was proposed. Some database was searched to assess the evidence. Results:A total of 4 studies were included,however,the quality of the studies was low. The results of the studies was suitable for our patients. The death of patients with postpartum HEELP syndrome complicated with acute renal failure was attributed to multiple organ failure. The risk factors for poor prognosis was primipara, delivery after twin pregnancy, absence of typical symptoms, rapid clinical progression, high blood pressure, epigastric pain. Early assessment and diagnosis for maternal and infant, positive in intervention and be caution for the DIC and multiple organ failure, using plasmapheresis can improve the prognosis. Conclusion:Patients with postpartum HEELP syndrome complicated with acute renal failure have an acute process and poor prognosis, especially for patients without typical symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the association of time in range with metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD) and advanced liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:This study was a retrospective study. A total of 494 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited in the Department of Endocrinololgy of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from November 2019 to April 2022. Time in range(TIR) was calculated with continuous glucose monitoring data. Abdominal ultrasound scan was used to diagnose fatty liver. Liver stiffness measurement(LSM) by transient elastography was used to evaluate liver fibrosis. Pearson and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between TIR and LSM. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association of TIR with risk of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis.Results:Pearson correlation analysis showed that LSM was negatively correlated with TIR( r=-0.86, P<0.001) and was positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR; r=0.48, P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that TIR significantly negatively predicted LSM( β=-0.75, P<0.001), and HOMA-IR significantly positively predicted LSM( β=0.21, P=0.025). After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that compared with TIR Q4 patients, TIR Q1 patients had an increased risk of MAFLD( OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.07-3.62, P=0.027), advanced liver fibrosis( OR=3.82, 95% CI 1.17-12.50, P=0.027), and HOMA-IR was an independent risk factor for MAFLD( OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43, P=0.005) and advanced liver fibrosis( OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.54, P=0.025). Conclusions:TIR and insulin resistance are independent risk factors for MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. TIR has a significant predictive value for MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis.

AIM:To explore the effects of CD38 on lysosome reformation and cholesterol efflux in macro-phages.METHODS:Bone marrow-derived macrophages from low-density lipoprotein(LDL)receptor knockout(LDLr-/-)mice were cultured as cell model.Live cell imaging system was applied to evaluate the effect of nicotinic acid adenine di-nucleotide phosphate(NAADP)on lysosome number.ELISA was conducted to measure NAADP level in macrophages.After the cells were treated with nicotinic acid(NA),RT-qPCR was conducted to detect CD38 mRNA expression,and Western blot was conducted to observe CD38 protein expression and phosphorylated transcription factor EB(TFEB)level.Laser scanning confocal microscopy was applied to evaluate the influence of CD38/NAADP signaling on lysosome number and cholesterol egression.RESULTS:NAADP remarkably increased lysosome number(P<0.05),and this effect was significantly inhibited by NAADP antagonist NED-19,Ca2+ chelator BAPTA,and calcineurin inhibitor CsA(P<0.05).CD38 markedly enhanced NAADP synthesis in macrophages(P<0.05).NAADP synthetic substrate NA prominently ele-vated the expression of CD38 mRNA and protein(P<0.05).NA significantly decreased the phosphorylated TFEB level;this effect was also attenuated by NED-19,BAPTA and CsA(P<0.05).Disrupting CD38/NAADP signaling pathway markedly inhibited NA-induced enhancement of lysosome number,lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester efflux in macrophages(P<0.05).NA-induced enhancement of lysosome number,lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester efflux abolished in LDLr/CD38 DKO macrophages(P<0.05),whereas these effects induced by NA were recovered after CD38 gene rescue.CONCLUSION:CD38 triggers lysosome reformation via TFEB and consequently pro-motes the efflux of lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester.

【Objective】 To analyze the blood samples sent by hospitals in Shenzhen to solve ABO cross-match incompatibility during 2011 to 2020, so as to find corresponding solutions to improve the efficacy of blood transfusion. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 1 770 cases of cross-match incompatibility in our laboratory from January 2011 to December 2020 were collected and reviewed. The causes of cross-match incompatibility were analyzed, the types of unexpected antibodies were determined. The overall incidence of antibodies was evaluated by statistical method of classified variables. The safety of blood transfusion was safeguarded by ABO homotype plus cross-matching compatibility. 【Results】 1) The 1 770 samples, presenting cross-matching incompatibility, involved 956 patients. The average number of cross-matching per patient from 2011 to 2015 was 1.32(307/232), which increased from 1.27(103/81) in 2016 to 2.23(286/128) in 2018, and remained stable in 2019 and 2020. 2) Among 956 patients, auto-and/or allo-antibody in plasma were yielded in 90.38%(864/956), including auto-antibody plus alloantibody in 42.26%(404/956), solo auto-antibody in 20.71%(198/956) and solo allo-antibody in 27.41%(262/956). Up to 20 kinds of specific allo-antibodies were detected, belonging to 8 blood groups. Among them, 70.82%(551/778) were Rh blood group, such as anti-E(37.15%)>anti-c(20.95%)>anti-C(5.27%)=anti-e(5.27%)>anti-D(2.19%), followed by MNS [11.40%(112/778)], Kidd [5.66%(44/778)], Leiws [3.21%(25/778)], Duffy [1.80%(14/778)], Diego [1.03%(8/778)], P1 [0.39%(3/778)] and H [0.26%(2/778)]. 3) 86%(37/43) of multiple transfusion recipients, aged below 20 years old, were thalassemia, and 1-4 kinds of allo- and/or auto-antibody were yielded. 【Conclusion】 The cross-matching incompatibility were mainly caused by allo- and/or auto-antibodies, which may be induced by blood transfusion, pregnancy or autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Those suspicious blood samples in clinical should be sent to blood group reference laboratory for further determination, in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of blood transfusion.

In order to provide a basic theory for the materials of repairing central nervous system injury, we have studied the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) on poly (L-lysine) modified silk fibroin film. First, we used poly (L-lysine) to modify silk fibroin film and confirmed by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectra. Then NSCs were isolated and seeded on the silk fibroin film (Silk group), poly (L-lysine) (PLL group) and poly (L-lysine) modified Silk fibroin film (Silk-PIL group). The proliferation of NSCs was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after seeding. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the differentiation of NSCs at the 7th day. The levels of apoptosis were detected by Western blotting and TUNEL. The mRNA level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was identified by real-time PCR. UV-vis and 1H NMR spectra confirmed that poly (L-lysine) was successfully grafted onto the silk fibroin film. From the 3rd day after seeding to the 7th day, the CCK-8 test showed that proliferation rate of NSCs in the Silk-PIL was significantly higher than Silk group (P<0.05) but had no significant difference compared with PLL group (P>0.05). Immunofluorescence staining displayed that more NSCs in Silk-PIL group were differentiated into neuron compared with Silk group (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference compared with PLL group (P>0.05). The number of NSCs differentiated into astrocytes was not significantly different between the three groups. Western blotting and TUNEL test presented that the degree of apoptosis of NSCs in the Silk-PIL group was significantly lower than Silk group (P<0.05). RT-PCR exhibited that mRNA level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of NSCs was higher in Silk-PIL group compared with Silk group (P<0.05) but had no significant difference compared with PLL group (P>0.05). Thus, poly (L-lysine) modified silk fibroin film could promote the proliferation of NSCs and reduce NSCs apoptosis. Furthermore, it also can enhance the differentiation of NSCs into neurons. It is expected to become a new type of tissue engineering scaffold carrying NSCs to repair central nervous system injury.

At present, general practitioners in China lack both specialist knowledge and ability, which calls for close cooperation between general practitioners and specialists to better guarantee medical quality and patient safety. The authors reviewed the connotation, research status, development trend, problems and suggestions of general practitioners-specialists joint consultation service. Based on such, they pointed out that such a general practitioner-specialist joint clinic is quite new in the country, but numerous literature has confirmed that it can not only make up for services fragmentation, but also reduce referral rate.Furthermore, it can improve the quality of people′s lives, improve the general practitioner′s professional knowledge and skills, standardize general practitioner′s rational drug use. All these prove the reform an effective measure and deserves further promotion and greater supervision.

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy