With the progress of human civilization,the harmonious development of society is gradually realized by different researchers.Medicine,as a science directly serving humans,emphasizes more on humanism than other sciences.Medical research is not only characterized by scientificity and innovativeness,but also by ethicality.More and more biomedical journals are paying attention to issues of ethics.This review discussed the ethical issues in academic medical writing based on the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals published by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the discussions by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Some questions like the hardship of treatment and lacking of standard on diagnosis are existing in steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome(SRNS).This article make an ethical analysis on these questions and assumes that we should persist in treating the patients carefully with humanism,carry on informed consent principle,implement the optimal treatment and perfect the standard of diagnosis and treatment,carry on clinical ethics education and promote the judgment level of clinical ethics.

Objective To study the correlation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2(TIMP-2)and prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The expression of VEGF and TIMP-2 were measured in 38 specimen of LSCC and 19 specimens of normal laryngeal tissue adjacent to the tumors with EnVision immunohistochemical technique,follow-up for 3~5 years after operation local relapse occurred in four cases,cervical nodular metastasized occurred in fwo cases and pneumonic metastasis occurred one case.Results The expression level of two marks in primary tumors was significantly higher than that in pericancerous tissues(P

Objective To research the endometrial receptivity by established the endometriosis rat model in intimal window period.Methods The autologous endometrial tissues of 22 sexually mature SD rats were transplanted into the homonymy abdomi-nal wall and offside uterine mesometrium.After four weeks,we randomly dissected two rats and observed the growth of etopic en-dometrium.The EMs rats were mated with male rats in the same cage and vaginal plug was observed in the next day.The histomor-phology of eutopic and ectopic endometrial was observed in the fifth day of pregnancy.Results Ectopic endometrium was grown in the abdominal wall and mesometrium,which formed a small bulge cystic mass in 20 rats.All foci was showed adhesion to the sur-rounding tissues in a different extent.In the light microscope,the morphology of ectopic endometrial was as the same as nomal en-dometrium.The establishment of the endometriosis rat mode is successful.Vaginal plug was positive the next day.Nonoperative side uterine was full of fluid in the fifth day of pregnancy.Eutopic and ectopic endometrium were in the secretory phase..Conclusion It is a successful method to establish a rat model of endometriosis by autotransplantion of endometrium.The endometrium of EMs model rats is in embryo implantation window period,and it provides a convenient model for studying endometrial receptivity.

Case teaching has evident characteristics compared with traditional theory teaching. This article expound the purpose,significance,teaching process and the noticeable problems of case teaching in medicaI ethics teaching.

Objective To investigate and analyze the preventive effect of boron on the cartilage damage in rats with intake excessive fluoride. Methods Fifty-ix Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (C, intake distilled water), the excessive fluoride dose group (EF, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F-) and the boron prevention group (P, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F- as well as the supplemental boron dietary). 3 to 5 months later, fluorine contents in serum, RNA contents in costal cartilage were assayed. The morphological changes in tibia growth plate cartilage (GPC) in rats were observed. Results Although exposed to the same dose of fluoride, the fluorine contents in serum in rats of P group decreased notably compared with those of EF group, the damage of tibia GPC under optical and electron microscope lessened significantly, and RNA contents in costal cartilage increased obviously in the 3rd month. Conclusion Boron added could decrease the fluorine level in the body and relieve the toxic symptom of excess fluoride, and thus boron has a preventive effect on skeletal fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL) on different origin site in order to improve its diagnosis.Methods The clinical data from 202 patients with PGIL diagnosed by histology from January 1999 to June 2007 were identified from the clinical databases of 8 hospitals in Wuhan area and retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into gastric,small intestinal and large intestinal lymphoma groups according to the site of origin and there clinical characteristics were compared.Results The PGIL localization was gastric in 113 (56.0%) cases, small intestine in 37(18.3%) cases and large intestine in 52 (25.7%) cases.One hundred and thirty (64.4%) were males and 72 (35.6%) were females.The male patients were predominant.The median duration of symptoms in gastric lymphoma group was longer than small intestinal lymphoma group (3.0 months vs.1.0 month,P=0.013).The most common symptoms were abdominal pain and anemia. The clinical stage was Ⅰ E and Ⅱ E in 71.3% of cases.The large intestinal lymphoma group presented more advanced-stage disease compared with gastric lymphoma group (P = 0.014).The frequent histological type was mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT),diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma.Gastric,small intestinal and large intestinal lymphomas presented more frequently as low-grade MALT lymphoma (56.9%),T-cell lymphoma (34.4%) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (51.1%),respectively (all P value ＜0.05).The common macroscopic type of PGIL were nodular protruding and ulcerative type.Compared with gastric lymphoma,nodular protruding type was more common and ulcerative type was less common in large intestinal lymphoma (P = 0.000).The diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy were 58.7% (61/104),25.0% (4/16),48.2% (13/27) in gastric,small intestinal and large intestinal lymphoma groups,respectively.Conclusions The clinical characteristics are different in patients with different localization of PGIL including patient characters, initial symptoms,histological classification,clinical stage,macroscopic feature,endoscopic findings. Analysis of these clinical characteristics is helpful to improve its diagnosis.

This study aims to investigate the effect of transmembrane protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the prognosis of breast cancer and its potential mechanism.Public databases were used to analyze ACE2 expression and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer patients, combined with in vitro experiments to analyze the mechanism of action and immune relevance of ACE2 in breast cancer.Results showed that the expression of ACE2 in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in normal breast tissues, and that its expression was negatively correlated with age, M stage and N1mi stage of breast cancer patients (P < 0.05).Patients with Luminal type breast cancer with high ACE2 expression had poor prognosis, while in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, ACE2 showed different prognostic significance.In addition, ACE2 is closely associated with the metabolic and immune microenvironment of tumor tissue.In vitro experiments have shown that ACE2 is lowly expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells and may inhibit cell progress by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2（MMP2）.The results suggest that the low expression of ACE2 in breast cancer is closely associated with patient prognosis as well as metabolic and immune microenvironment, and that ACE2 may inhibit TNBC cell progress through the MMP2 pathway.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), including retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, Cone-Rod degenerations, inherited macular dystrophy, Leber's congenital amaurosis, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy are the most common and severe types of hereditary ocular diseases. So far more than 200 pathogenic genes have been identified. With the growing knowledge of the genetics and mechanisms of IRDs, a number of gene therapeutic strategies have been developed in the laboratory or even entered clinical trials. Here the progress of IRD research on the pathogenic genes and therapeutic strategies, particularly gene therapy, are reviewed.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; trends ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Mutation ; Retinal Diseases ; genetics ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To understand the level and distribution of iodine contents in drinking water in Fuzhou City so as to provide evidence for prevention of iodine deficiency disorders and health intervention.Methods:In 2017, a township-level water iodine survey was carried out in 12 counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou City, with a township as a unit, and carry out administrative village-level water iodine survey in township with the median water iodine ≥ 10 μg/L. The water samples of residents' drinking water were collected according to different water supply methods (centralized water supply, mixed water supply and decentralized water supply), and the water iodine content was determined. The water iodine content less than 10 μg/L means iodine deficiency in the external environment. The iodine contents in drinking water of residents in different areas, different water supply methods and different water source types were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 172 townships in 12 counties (cities, districts) were investigated for water iodine, and 1 630 water samples were collected and tested, the median water iodine was 2.8 μg/L and the range was 0.0 - 130.3 μg/L. At the township-level, the median range of water iodine was 0.4 - 11.2 μg/L. A total of 75 administrative villages were investigated in 4 townships with a median water iodine ≥ 10 μg/L, the median water iodine range was 0.5 - 19.8 μg/L. At the counties (cities, districts) level, the medians of water iodine were all less than 10 μg/L. Among them, the medians of water iodine in inland areas and coastal areas were 2.0 and 4.0 μg/L, respectively, and the difference between different areas was statistically significant ( Z = - 15.70, P <0.01). The medians of water iodine for centralized water supply, mixed water supply and decentralized water supply were 4.1, 2.7, and 3.4 μg/L, respectively, and the difference between different water supply methods was statistically significant ( H = 19.38, P < 0.01). The medians of water iodine in surface water and well water were 2.4 and 3.1 μg/L, respectively, the difference between different water source types was statistically significant ( Z = - 6.23, P<0.01). Conclusions:Iodine deficiency of external environment is common in Fuzhou City, and there is no distribution of high iodine in water source. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders, establish a long-term working mechanism suitable for the level of economic and social development, and consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.