Efferocytosis refers to the process of phagocytes engulfing and clearing the cells after programmed cell death. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that the mechanisms of efferocytosis are closely related to drug-induced liver injury, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral hepatitis, cholestatic liver diseases, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and other liver disorders. This review summarized the research progress on the role of efferocytosis in liver diseases, with the hope of providing new targets for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
Humans ; Liver Diseases/metabolism* ; Animals ; Phagocytosis/physiology* ; Phagocytes ; Efferocytosis

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Tooth Replantation/methods* ; Consensus ; Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*

Objective: To describe the prevalence and the association of sleep quality trajectory, social jetlag and comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression among college students, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression in college students. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 135 college students from two universities in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province and Hefei, Anhui Province from April to May 2019, and were followed up once every one year for a total of three times, with a valid sample size of 1 034 individuals after matching with the baseline survey. A selfassessment questionnaire was used to investigate the social jetlag of college students, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively, while the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. College students with GAD-7 score ≥5 and PHQ-9 score ≥5 were defined as having comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms. Latent class growth model (LCGM) was employed to analyze the sleep quality trajectory of college students, and binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between social jetlag, sleep quality trajectory and comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: The detection rate of comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression among college students was 16.9%, and the detection rate of social jetlag ≥2 h was 13.8%. The sleep quality showed an overall improvement trend, and the two trajectories were good sleep quality (81.6%) and poor sleep quality (18.4%). Binary Logistic regression model showed that poor sleep quality and social jetlag ≥2 h were positively correlated with comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression (OR=5.94, 1.84, P<0.05). Conclusions Poor sleep quality and social jetlag ≥2 h in college students increase the risk of comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression. Early screening and intervention of sleep quality and reduction of social jetlag are crucial for enhancing the mental health of college students.

Objective To invesitgate the epidemiological characteristics of common allergens in 10 664 patients with allergic diseases in Zhengzhou area.Methods A total of 10 664 patients visited our hospital and underwent serum allergen screening during January 2013 and August 2021 were selected,and their serum sIgE results were retrospectively analyzed.Results The total positive rate of sIgE to allergens in 10 664 patients was 69.82%.The positive rate of sIgE to inhalant allergens was significantly higher than that to in-gestive allergens(χ2=99.15,P＜0.01).The top three inhalant allergens were grass and tree combination,dust mite combination,and cockroach.The top three ingestive allergens were egg protein,milk,and seafood combination.The positive rate of sIgE to ingestive al-lergens in males was significantly higher than that in females(χ2=8.18,P＜0.01).The highest positive rate of sIgE to ingestive aller-gens was found in the early childhood period(χ2=125.92,P＜0.05).The highest positive rate of sIgE to inhalant allergens was found in the school-age and preschool periods(χ2=283.76,P＜0.01).The proportions of sIgE to cockroach and house dust mite showed a de-creasing trend year by year,while the proportions of sIgE to milk,peanut,lamb,and seafood combination showed an increasing trend year by year.Conclusion The top three inhalant and ingestive allergens in Zhengzhou area are grass and tree combination,dust mite,cockroach and egg protein,milk,seafood combination,respectively.In recent years,the allergies to milk,peanut,lamb,and seafood should be paid attention.

Objective To investigate the effect of Huangzhi oral liquid on ferroptosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes in acute hyperlipidemia mice based on abnormal lipid metabolism.Methods Forty SPF grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the normal control group,the model group,Huangzhi oral liquid low-dose and high-dose groups,and fenofibrate group,with 8 mice in each group.All administration groups were given Huangzhi oral liquid and fenofibrate by gavage at corresponding doses,while the normal control group and the model group were given the same dose of distilled water for a period of 5 days.on the third day of administration,in addition to the normal control group,other groups were injected intramuscularly with Triton WR-1339 to establish a hyperlipidemia model.After the administration,the serum lipid levels and liver function in mice were detected.The pathological changes of liver were observed by HE staining and lipid accumulation was observed by oil red O staining.The iron content in liver tissues was detected by tissue iron assay kit.The changes in protein expression of ABCA1,ABCG5,LXRα,ASGR1,cleaved-PARP,cleaved-caspase 3,Bcl2,Bax,TFR1,SLC7A11,GCLM,GPX4 and FTH1 in liver were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the model group,Huangzhi oral liquid could reduce the lipid vacuoles in liver tissues,alleviate the degree of lipid degeneration,reduce the content of TC,TG,LDL-C,AST and ALT in serum,increase the content of HDL-C,increase the protein expression levels of ABCA1,ABCG5,LXRα,Bcl-2,SLC7A11,GCLM,GPX4 and FTH1 in mice liver tissues,reduce the protein expression levels of ASGR1,cleaved-PARP,cleaved-caspase 3,Bax and TFR1.Conclusion Huangzhi oral liquid can alleviate the abnormal lipid metabolism in acute hyperlipidemia mice,thus alleviates hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis.

Bile reflux gastritis is a common and frequently occurring disease of the digestive system,and the pathology is diverse.Professor Zhou Xinyou emphasized that the disease primarily affects the gallbladder,liver and stomach,advocating for a comprehensive differentiation of its etiology and pathogenesis across three distinct stages.In the early stage,the gallbladder is dysfunctional,which then affects the stomach;In the intermediate stage,there is congestion in the liver and gallbladder,leading to excessive wood element suppressing the earth element;in the late stage,gastric collaterals damage,with qi deficiency and blood stasis.Professor Zhou Xinyou follows the diagnosis and treatment ideas of"multiple compound methods,comprehensive application,and overall adjustment".For typical clinical symptoms,he has formulated the treatment principles and treatment methods of pain separation,general use,oral bitterness and upset,purging heat and stomach,treating gallbladder and stomach,regulating qi and resolving depression,so as to achieve both symptoms and root causes of treatment,gallbladder and stomach regulation.

Objective:To analyze the monitoring results of human brucellosis prevention and control project in Gansu Province, in order to provide reference for the next revision of prevention and control plans.Methods:The data from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022 and the annual data of human brucellosis cases reported by the active monitoring reports in various project counties (districts) were input into Excel 2016 software and a database was established. The epidemiological situation of brucellosis, the coverage of brucellosis prevention and control projects, the number of detected cases and health education were analyzed and compared by descriptive epidemiological method.Results:From 2016 to 2022, 70 to 82 out of 86 counties (districts) in Gansu Province were found to have human outbreaks of brucellosis, with brucellosis prevention and control projects covering 17 to 43 counties (districts). A total of 19 855 cases of human brucellosis were reported online in the province, with an average annual incidence of 11.07/100 000 and an annual incidence ranging from 6.03/100 000 to 20.89/100 000. There was a statistically significant difference in incidence among years (χ 2 = 5 264.84, P < 0.001). Through active monitoring, a total of 433 303 cases of brucellosis (tiger red plate agglutination test, RBT) were initially screened in project counties (districts) throughout the province, with 13 277 positive cases and a positive rate of 3.06% (13 277/433 303). Then the laboratory confirmed test (test-tube agglutination test, SAT) for brucellosis was carried out, with 9 967 positive cases and a positive rate of 2.30% (9 967/433 303). The infection rate of brucellosis in the population (SAT positive) was compared between different years, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 600.12, P < 0.001). In the project counties (districts), 7 481 confirmed cases of brucellosis were detected by active surveillance, and 15 794 cases were reported online, accounting for 47.37% (7 481/15 794) of the total number of cases reported online. The average awareness rate of brucellosis knowledge among medical personnel increased from 70.49% before training to 88.89% after training. The average awareness rate of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge among high-risk groups increased from 63.49% before health education to 89.05% after health education, and the behavior formation rate increased from 62.84% to 86.04%. Conclusions:From 2016 to 2022, the epidemic scope of human brucellosis in Gansu Province has been expanding year by year, and the coverage of prevention and control project is relatively small. The proportion of cases detected through active screening is relatively low. It is necessary to increase special funding investment, expand project coverage, strengthen high-risk group screening, education and behavioral intervention, and follow-up management of acute stage patient, so as to identify patients as early as possible and curb the upward trend of the epidemic.

Objective To study the effects of Danggui-Chuanxiong herb pair medicine on vasoactive substances,adhesion factors,inflammatory factors,and VEGF-PI3K-AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways,in order to elucidate the mechanism of Danggui-Chuanxiong herb pair on the treatment of ischemic stroke(IS).Methods The oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)was constructed,and the cell viability was detected by cell proliferation kit(CCK-8 method)to explore the optimal modeling time of seven components;The release of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)was detected by cytotoxicity kit;The expression of related cytokines was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);The mRNA expression of key proteins in the signaling pathway was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Reoxygenation after 6 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation of HUVEC is the best modeling time.High-dose chlorogenic acid group,ferulic acid group,senkyunolide H,low-dose and medium-dose butylidenephthalide group,medium-dose and high-dose senkyunolide A and ligustilide groups significantly decreased LDH leakage rate(P<0.05,P<0.01);The expression of IL-6 in the cells of the partial dose group of chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,butenylphthalide,senkyunolide H and senkyunolide A was significantly increased,the expression of IL-1 in the cells of the partial dose group of chlorogenic acid,ferulic acid and senkyunolide A was significantly decreased,the expression of VEGF,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the cells of the partial dose group of chlorogenic acid,ferulic acid and senkyunolide H was significantly decreased,the expression of NF-κB in the cells of the partial dose group of chlorogenic acid,ferulic acid,senkyunolide H and ligustilide was significantly decreased,the expression of PAI-1 in the cells of ferulic acid and senkyunolide H partial dose group decreased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01);The mRNA relative expression levels of ERK,VEGF,NF-κB,VEGFR2 and MMP9 were significantly down-regulated in the cells of chlorogenic acid,ferulic acid,caffeic acid,butylidenephthalide and senkyunolide A partial dose group,while the mRNA relative expression levels of AKT were significantly up-regulated in the cells of senkyunolide H and senkyunolide A partial dose groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion The medicinal components of Danggui-Chuanxiong herb pair may play a role in IS by inhibiting the mRNA expression of adhesion factor,inflammatory factor and key protein of VEGF-PI3K-AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in HUVEC.