Influenza A(H1N1)virus is a re-mixed strains of human influenza virus genes,avian influenza virus gene and swine influenza virus gene.Influenza A(H1N1)pandemic influenza has spread around the world,which has drawn worldwide attention.In order to early discovery,early diagnosis,early treatment and effective prevention of Influenza A(H1N1),we describe the characteristics of linfluenza A(H1N1)virus,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and effective treatment and preventive measures.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare zolmitriptan-diclofenac microemulsion,and conduct quality evaluation and in vitro trans-dermal study. METHODS:Using solubility and microemulsion area in pseudo-ternary phase diagram as indexes,the types of oil phase and mixed emulsifier ratio of zolmitriptan-diclofenac microemulsion were screened;the microemulsion quality was inspected using particle size,Zeta potential,appearance and stability. HPLC was used to measure the contents of zolmitriptan and diclofenac. Transdermal diffusion test instrument was used,2 g microemulsion was smeared in cuticle of extracouporeal rats'skin,and cumula-tive transdermal rate in 24 h was determined. RESULTS:The microemulsion formulation was as follow as 10% oil phase(octanoic acid triglyceride),25% mixture emulgator [polysorbate 80-brij 97 (1:1)],8.3% propylene glycol and 25 mg zolmitriptan,1.25 mg diclofenac,and water adding to 100 mL. The average particle size of prepared microemulsion was(28.2±2.5)nm,Zeta poten-tial was(-3.25±0.33)mV,the appearance was rounding;the microemulsion showed no stratification or flocculation at room tem-perature after placed for 1 month. Contents of zolmitriptan and diclofenac were 0.248 mg/mL,12.46 mg/mL(n=3);24 h cumula-tive transdermal rates were 80%,75%. CONCLUSIONS:Zolmitriptan-diclofenac microemulsion is prepared,and its in vitro trans-dermal ability is good.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value and pathological change of the non-injured side brain tissue of traumatic brain injury(TBI)of rat.Methods Sixty healthy adult Wist-ar rats were randomly divided into two groups:the control or TBI groups.The TBI group was divided into five sub-groups according to the different time intervals:1,3,6,12,24 h(n = 10).The animal brain of each group was scanned with MR-DWI,and the ADC value of damaged areas and contralateral non-damaged areas were measured.After that the brains were taken out at different time points after TBI.The cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier(BBB)changes in structure were examined with an optical micros-copy and transmission electron microscopy,and the IgG content in the same tissues were determined by means of immunohistochem-istry.The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software.Results There was no signal abnormality on MR-DWI and tissue structure in control group,and the IgG stain was negative.In the contralateral non-damaged areas of TBI group,pathological obser-vation revealed no variation at 1 h after TBI,and the IgG stain was also negative.Cellular edema was shown at 3 h and the IgG stain was slight positive.The cellular edema aggravated with time and angioedema appeared at 6 h.IgG stain was shown significantly posi-tive.At 12~24 h,cellular edema kept increasing more severe,however angioedema had a trend to mitigated along with time,IgG stain became slight and the proliferation of glial cells could observed.Compared with control group,the ADC values of the contralat-eral non-damaged areas in each group showed no significant difference (P >0.05).However,in the damaged areas of each group, angioedema appeared at 1 h and gradually aggravated,cellular edema occurred at 3 h,Both of them were aggravated with time. ADC values increased at 1 h,and then decreased until 6 h,then followed a climbing up to 24 h,showed as a “V”-shaped.Con-clusion When contused on one side brain,the contralateral non-inj ured side tissue also has pathological changes that occurs later than those on the inj ured side.Cellular edema of the tissues ap-peares first and is followed by angioedema,which lessens over time..There is no significant difference of ADC values between con-tralateral side of TBI groups and control group(P >0.05),which reveals a “pseudo-normal”phenomenon.

The limited-Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment most preferred combined modality treatment,there are some scholars believe that nonbulky stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ of good prognosis HL patients,ABVD chemotherapy alone is acceptable,radiation therapy alone for stage Ⅰ or limited stage Ⅱ nodular lymphocytepredominant HL patients.Individual treatment by easing speed adjustment treatment in the future may make patients more benefit.

Objective To investigate the pathological changes of brain tissues from contused and contralateral non-contused sides and their significance.Methods A total of 100 healthy adult Wistar rats were assigned to brain contusion group and sham operation group according to the random number table.Ten rats in each group were sacrificed at 1,3,6,12,and 24 hours respectively.Brain samples were collected to perform pathophysiological analysis of brain tissues and test blood brain barrier (BBB)permeability by semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining of IgG.Results There was no damage to the bilateral brain tissues in sham operation group and IgG stain was negative.In brain contusion group,angioedema characterized by the breakdown of BBB was seen in the contused side at 1 hour followed by cellular edema at 3 hours,with aggravation of both over time.Moreover,tissue necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,and microglia proliferation emerged at 12 hours.Besides,IgG-positive staining was seen at 1 hour,was strongest at 6 hours,and remained a high level at 24 hours.With respect to the non-injured side in brain contusion group,no pathological abnormalities and negatively stained IgG were observed at 1 hour; cellular edema and weakly positive-stained IgG were found at 3 hours; aggravated cellular edema,emergence of angioedema,and IgG strongly positive staining were noted at 6 hours;cellular edema continued aggravation,but angioedema tended to be attenuated,IgG staining weakened,and microglia proliferation were observed at 12-24 hours.Conclusion Pathological changes of brain tissues from the contused and contralateral non-contused sides are differed,which provides a basis in determining treatment choices.

Objective To study the relationship between X-ray features and pathologic infiltration of early gastric cancer.Methods 19 cases of early gastric cancer were analyzed, which were proved by pneumobarium double-contrast examination, operation and pathology. Results There were 9 cases of mucosa cancer and 10 cases of submucosa cancer in 19 patients of early gastric cancer certified by operation. The main X-ray features of mucosa cancer were: a lessened flexibility of local wall, indistinct outline, small trivialities became small nodes and small ditches became indistinct, they looked like pomegranate seeds. The main X-ray features of submucosa cancer were: the local wall was stiff, the density was high, there were small filling defects and small irregular niches, the rugae in the zone involved by the tumour became stiff, large even disappear, small trivialities and small ditches were destroyed. The X-ray findings of early gastric cancer had functional changes, abnormal contraction, more liquid in stomach.Conclusion Pneumobarium double-contrast examination is a voluable method for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.

Objective: To analyze the effects of serum hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV-cccDNA) level on the liver and kidney functions, detection of HBV antigens in kidney tissue, pathological grading and staging of liver tissue in the children with hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN), and to evaluate the clinical value of HBV-cccDNA level detection in the diagnosis of the children with HBV-GN. Methods: A total of 39 HBV-GN children (observation group) were selected and all of them underwent the liver and kidney biopsy. A total of 40 HBV-carried children with normal liver function were selected as control group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the children were detected. Molecular beacons PCR method was used to detect the serum HBV-cccDNA level of the children. The morphology of liver and kidney tissues of the children was detected with HE staining. The detection rates of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg in kidney tissue of the children were detected by immunofluorescence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the value of HBV-cccDNA level detection in the diagnosis of HBV-GN. The Ax fluorescence value of HBV-cccDNA > 21 was determined as positive, and the Ax fluorescence value of HBV-cc cDNA < 21 was determined as negative; the children with HBV-GN were divided into HBV-cccDNA positive group (n=24) and HBV-cccDNA negative group (n=15). The serum levels of HBV DNA and HBV-cccDNA were measured at the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after antiviral therapy. Results; The abnormal rates of ALT and AST levels, positive rates of HBeAg and urine protein of the children in HBV-cccDNA positive group were higher than those in HBV-cccDNA negative group (χ2 =4. 454, P=0. 035; = 5. 912, P= 0.022; χ2 = 8.770, P= 0. 007). There were no significant differences in the degrees of liver inflammation and fibrosis in the children between HBV-cccDNA positive and negative groups (P>0. 05). Membranous nephropathy (MN) was the main pathological type of kidney biopsy in the HBV-GN. HBeAg and HBcAg were the main components of HBV antigens. The detection rates of HBeAg and HBcAg of the children in HBV-cccDNA positive group were significantly higher than those in HBV-cccDNA negative group (χ2 =5. 652, P = 0. 027; =12. 523, P=0. 001). The ROC curve analysis results showed that the HBV-cccDNA level detection could effectively distinguish the HBV-GN children in observation group from those in control group, AUC=0. 804 (95% Cl 0. 709-0. 883). The levels of HBV-cccDNA of 10 cases of HBV-GN children underwent standardized treatment with complete follow-up treatment data were decreased significantly at the 2nd week after treatment. At the 12th week after treatment, in 7 cases the HBeAg turned negative, without proteinuria and hematuria symptoms, and the AST and ALT levels were normal. The HBV-cccDNA levels of 3 cases with ineffective treatment were higher than that those of the remaining 7 cases. Conclusion; The high expression of HBV-cccDNA is closely related to the liver function, proteinuria and HBV antigen detection in kindney tissue of the HBV-GN children. The detection of HBV-cccDNA level has potential clinical value for the auxiliaty diagnosis and evaluation on the curative effect of the HBV-GN.

Objective To explore the changes of renal blood flow and renal injury in neonates with birth asphyxia. Methods Seventy-one patients were tested for Ultrasonic Doppler renal blood flow and renal function. Results The blood perfusion resistance was increased and the blood flow perfusion was decreased, Even in light asphyxia. Conclusion The hemodynamic disturbance is the main reason for renal injury and dysfunction in infants with birth asphyxia, and detecting hemodynamic disturbance and urinary enzyme may be an early diagnostic method to evaluate the renal injury.

BACKGROUND: So far there is a lack of reliable biomedical evidence about the effects of three-dimensional y (3D) printed porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold loading poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres on the growth and proliferation of cel s, especial y osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE: To construct porous β-TCP scaffold loading PLGA/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres by 3D printing technology and to detect its cytotoxicity. METHODS: Twenty porous β-TCP scaffolds whose aperture was 400 μm were prepared by 3D printing technology. Ten of these scaffolds were randomly selected for loading PLGA/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres, and the others were without any drugs. Then the extracts from two groups were cultured with osteoblasts for 72 hours. Afterwards, cel morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, and the absorbance value was detected using cel counting kit-8 assay. Besides, the relative growth rate of osteoblasts was calculated to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the scaffold. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The drug-loaded scaffold exhibited with moderate size, regular structure and uniform pores. Within 72 hours of culture in the extracts from the drug-loaded scaffold, elongated or fusiform osteoblasts appeared, with less karyopycnosis. Moreover, the drug-loaded scaffold showed slight cytotoxicity, which was classified as grade 1. In conclusion, the 3D-pinted porous β-TCP scaffold loading PLGA/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres exhibits no obvious cytotoxicity.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept for wet age-related macular degeneration.Methods Retrospective clinical study.Sixty eyes of 60 cases diagnosed as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) definitely were intravitreally injected conbercept 0.5 mg from March 2014 to March 2016.Follow-up time was 6 months to 12 months,averaged (8.5 ± 2.4) months.Visual acuity (ETDRS charts letter),central macular thickness (CMT),leakage of choroidal neovasculaxization (CNV) and area of CNV and complications before and after the treatment were analyzed.Results Conbercept injection therapeutic times were 1-5,the average therapeutic times were 2.80 ± 0.89.At 1 month,2 months,3 months and 6 months after treatment and the last follow up,the mean letter of ETDRS charts increased (14.76 ± 5.89) letters,(19.88 ± 7.13) letters,(24.75 ± 6.74) letters,(23.94 ±6.15) letters,(22.89 ± 8.53) letters compared with pre-operation,respectively (all P ＜0.05).CMT decreased (70.19 ± 60.56) μm,(82.07 ± 57.97) μm,(95.40 ± 87.92) μm,(97.57 ± 46.68) μm,(107.46 ± 56.82) μm compared with pre-operation,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the area of CNV leakage was (12.32 ± 5.67) mm2,and at postoperative 3 months,6months the area were statistically significant different (all P ＜ 0.05).Four cases had subconjunctival flake bleeding,intraocular pressure increased slightly in 3 cases and they all recovered at 1 week after treatment.There was no serious ocular and system complication.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of conbercept for wet AMD can improve the visual acuity,decrease CMT and inhibit the CNV regression without serious complication.