With the development of science and technology,especially the development of medical technology,human beings have an increasing power in controlling their life and their reproduction.As a means of self intervention,reproductive technology on the one hand can solve some infertility problems and achieve the objective of aristogenesis,but on the other hand has also brought relevant problems related to rights,obligations, ethics,family and social issues.How do we weigh these complicated problems in the intersection of ethics and science.'? This paper aims to find a balancing point through relevant discussions and consultations to achieve the common development of science and ethics.

Objective To identify the effect of oral cod liver oil on serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D] level in breast-fed infants during winter.Methods Healthy newborn infants were recruited at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics between December 2009 and February 2010 for the self-controlled study.Serum samples were obtained with 2 ml umbilical cord blood for each neonate.The neonates received vitamin D supplementation in the form of oral cod liver oil from 15 days to 4 months after birth.For each exclusively breastfed infant,2 ml fasting venous blood was collected at the end of postnatal 4 months to separate serum.Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations of the infants were determined with umbilical cord blood serum and venous blood serum.Results Altogether 43 exclusively breastfed infants were enrolled,including 26 boys and 17 girls.The mean serum 25 (OH)D concentration in umbilical cord blood was (20.9 ± 5.1) nmol/L (12.5-32.1 nmol/L).All the neonates were vitamin D deficient.The mean serum 25 (OH) D concentration in infants at 4 months was (106.3 ± 42.4) nmol/L (30.2-208.5 nmol/L).Among the infants,the serum 25 (OH) D level was ＜ 50 nmol/L in 4 infants (the rate of vitamin D deficiency being 9.3％),50-75 nmol/L in 7,75-150 nmol/L in 25,and ≥150 nmol/L in 7.A positive correlation was detected between serum 25(OH)D level and cod liver oil dose (r =0.530,P =0.001).The average percentage of the missed doses (missed doses/prescribed doses) was 36.1％,negatively correlated with serum 25 (OH)D level (r =-0.634,P =0.001).Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is common among infants born during winter in northern China.Daily oral intake of cod liver oil in infants can significantly increase serum 25 (OH) D level; However,the prevention of vitamin D deficiency cannot be ensured if doses are missed.

Objective To study the clinical manifestation of preeclampsia complicated with placental abrup-tion and its treatment measures.Methods 160 patients with placenta abruption were selected,and the patients with preeclampsia complicated with placental abruption were selected as the study group(70 cases),and the patients with non preeclampsia complicated with placental abruption were selected as the control group(90 cases).The clinical manifestations,infant outcome and treatment measures of the two groups were compared.Results When the disease attack of the study group often accompanied with vaginal bleeding,but few had symptoms of abdominal pain,the main symptoms of the control group was vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain.The occurrence rate of abdominal pain of the two groups had statistically significant difference(4.3%vs 92.2%,χ2 =11.032,P<0.05);The placental abruption of the study group wasⅡdegree andⅢdegree(81.4%)while the control group wasⅠdegree(62.2%),with signif-icant difference between the two groups(χ2 =10.973,P<0.05);The incidence of fetal distress of the two groups had no statistical significant difference(95.7% vs 93.3%,P>0.05);The incidence of neonatal asphyxia of the two groups had no significant difference(56.6%vs 55.6%,P>0.05);The perinatal mortality of the two groups had sta-tistically significant difference(31.7%vs 11.1%,P<0.05);1 case of patient′s cervix was fully opened in the study group when at 28 weeks gestational,and been given the vaginal delivery,all others were given operation to terminate the pregnancy,3 cases in the control group used the vaginal delivery,there was no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The clinical manifestation of preeclampsia was not typical,with a greater harm to the fetus and perinatal infant,operation to termination of pregnancy is the main method for treatment of preeclamp-sia complicated with placenta abruption.

Objective: To construct a high effective eukaryotic expre ss ing vector containing mcpr1 gene. Methods: mcpr1 gene w as amplified by PCR from the plasmid T-easy/ mcpr1, then PCR product was in serted into eukaryotic expressing vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His B. The positive recomb inant was identified by PCR analysis, HindIII and BamHI restriction analysis and Sequence analysis. Results: A 400 bp DNA fragment was amplified from the recombinant. Sequence analysis and restriction digest demonstrated tha t the mcpr1 gene was successfully inserted into pcDNA3.1/V5-His B plasmid. Conclusion: The eukaryotic expressed vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His B/ mcpr1 has been successfully reconstructed.

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disorder characterized by a bilateral acute or subacute painless central visual loss in young adults,predominately in males.So far no one theory can completely explain all clinical manifestations of LHON.Objective This study was to investigate whether there is a linkage between X-chromosomal and mitochondrial mutation in the inheritance of a Chinese LHON pedigree with only male patients.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University and followed by Declaration of Helsinki.A Chinese LHON pedigree was included in Anyang city from January 2008 to August 2016.Periphery blood of 5-10 ml was collected from 4 sufferers,13 maternal members and 10 non-maternal members for DNA extraction and PCR sequencing.The gene scanning and genotyping analysis were performed by ABI-PRISM 3100 genetic analyzer and Genotyper 3.7 software,and linkage analysis was carried out with Linkage software for the calculation of logarithm of odds (LOD).Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence,fluorescence-based Genescan for X-chromosomal sequence were analyzed in the propositus and haplotype was evaluated.Results A total of 5 generations and 71 families were included in the pedigree,with 6 male sufferers,30 maternal members and 41 non-maternal members.The visual acuity was ≤0.10,and the central visual field defection,the optic nerve flushing was found in the acute phase,different levels of the optic nerve fibers atrophy were found in the chronic phase;visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitude was low and peak latency were found in the male patients,and no any ocular abnormality was seen in the maternal members,meeting a maternally inherited characteristics,with the penetranee of 20％.The three primnary mutations were not been found in this family bv PCR sequencing,mtDNA sequencing appeared 31 variation of loci in the proband,including a known G3635A mutation,as well as an unknown ND5 A12340G missense mutation and ND4 T11809C synonymous mutation as well as 28 polymorphism of locus,and the proband was mitochondrial haplotype F1.The maternal families were mutation carriers of G3635A and AI2340G loci,while the same mutation was not found in the normal family members and 107 controls.The maximum two point parametric LOD score was 1.46(θ=0.0) for marker DXS1060,1oeated at Xp22.3,and the two-point and multipoint non-parametric linkage analysis were significant (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions The ND5 A12340G and ND1 G3635A mutations coexist in this LHON family,and the ND5 A12340G mutation is a newly reported mutation.There is no evidence for an X-linked modifiers loci in this Chinese LHON family.

Objective To develop an instrument to measure the quality of life (QOL) suitable for Chinese adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and evaluate it. Methods A list of 72 items potentially related to QOL of patients with OSAHS was constructed via discussion with OSAHS related people, as well as referring to some foreign QOL instruments. Twenty patients were asked to identify the most significant items. Then, frequency, importance and impact score, which is the product of frequency and importance, of the items were calculated. Those items with an impact score equal to or greater than 1.5 were retained in the instrument. Fifty-two OSAHS patients were divided into two groups based on their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (AHI

Objective The enhanced patterns of atherosclerotic plaque on dynamic contrastenhanced MRI have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to explore the patterns of plaque enhancement and their underlying mechanism by using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).Methods Atherosclerotic plaques were induced in the aorta of 12 New Zealand White rabbits by a combination of endothelial denudation and high-cholesterol diet. Ten to sixteen weeks after surgery, DCEMRI was performed with a fast spin echo T1 weighted sequence. Thirty-five phases of images were obtained at 71-second intervals. Gd-DTPA was injected coincident with the third scan via marginal ear vein. Specimens were harvested within 12 hours after imaging for HE staining and CD31 immunohistochemical staining which was used to highlight nco-vessels. Plaque enhancement patterns were studied and compared with histological findings. Signal intensity of each plaque section was normalized to pre-contrast signal intensity of psoas muscle, after which signal intensity versus time curve was drawn. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to reveal association between histological neo-vessel count and descriptive parameters derived from signal intensity versus time curve. Results Plaques were significantly enhanced by Gd-DTPA. Enhancement patterns could be described as fast-in and slow-out. Differences in patterns of enhancement were observed between tissues, with fibrous tissue enhanced more than lipid aggregation and leukocyte foci. Peak enhancement( 1. 05 ±0. 30) , initial slope(0. 82 ± 0. 28 ) and area under the curve at early phase(4.97 ± 1.67) derived from signal intensity-time curve had significant correlations with neo-vessel count( 117.7 ± 93. 3) ( r= 0. 553,0. 468, 0. 554 respectively, P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusions The enhanced patterns of atherosclerotic plaque by Gd-DTPA were fast- in and slow-out. Neovascularization, increased endothelial permeability and extracellular matrix may be the reasons for plaque enhancement by Gd-DTPA. DCE-MRI has the potential to quantify the extent of neo-vasculature formation within plaques.

Objective To detect the excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate of the acid synthase (TS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its adjacent tissue,and investigate the relationship of the expression of ERCC1 and TS with the clinical characteristics of NSCLC and prognosis for NSCLC individual therapy to provide experimental basis.Methods The protein expression levels of ERCC1 and TS in 50 cases of postoperative NSCLC cancer and adjacent tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method and the relationship among the expression of ERCC1,TS,and overall survival of patients with NSCLC Phase (OS),disease progression time (TTP),the median OS,and median TTP was analyzed.Results (1)There was an obvious difference between the expression of ERCC1,TS in cancer and paraneoplastic tissue of NSCLC,which had statistically significance (64.00％ vs 20.00％,x2 =19.87,P ＜ 0.01 ;48.00％ vs 24.00％,x2 =6.25,P ＜ 0.05) ; (2)The continued investigation in the patients who received postoperative cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy showed that the 0S of negative expression of ERCC1 was significantly longer than the positive one (19.10 vs 10.00 months;x2 =8.133,P =0.002),so was median TTP (15.30 vs 9.00 months; x2 =7.410,P =0.003).The median 0S of the negative expression of TS,was significantly longer than the positive one (17.80 vs 11.00 months,x2 =7.001,P =0.008),so was median TTP (11.40 vs 6.80 months; x2 =5.884,P =0.026).Conclusions ERCC1 and TS protein may become sensitive predictors of platinum chemosensitivity for NSCLC patients ; the detection of combined with ERCC1 and TS would contribute to the selection of individualized treatment programs for NSCLC.

To study the drug-drug interaction of morinidazole and warfarin and its application, a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of R-warfarin/S-warfarin in human plasma. In a random, two-period crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 5 mg racemic warfarin in the absence and presence of morinidazole. Blood samples were collected according to a pre-designed time schedule. R-warfarin, S-warfarin and methyclothiazide were extracted with ethylether : methylenechloride (3 : 2), then separated on a Astec Chirobiotic V (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) column using 5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) - acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.5 mL x min(-1). The mobile phase was splitted and 0.5 mL x min(-1) was introduced into MS. A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as detector and operated in the negative ion mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The resolution of warfarin enantiomers is 1.56. The linear calibration curves for R-warfarin and S-warfarin both were obtained in the concentration range of 5 - 1 000 ng x mL(-1). Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) for R-warfarin and S-warfarin over the entire concentration range across three validation runs was both less than 10%, and relative error (RE) ranged from -4.9% to 0.7%, separately. The method herein described is effective and convenient, and suitable for the study of metabolic interaction between morinidazole and warfarin. The results showed that coadministration of warfarin with morinidazole did not affect the pharmacokinetics of either R-warfarin or S-warfarin.

Objective The study of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 1p36 was performed to locate the deletion areas probably harboring tumor suppressor genes in invasive ductal breast carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS).Methods Eighty paired breast cancer/normal tissue DNA samples were examined for LOH on chromosome lp36 using eight polymorphic microsatellite (MS) loci.The PCR products were electrophoresed on 8％ denatured polyacrylamide gel and stained using silver staining.Finally,the data were analysed and compared with the clinicopathological parameters using statistical analysis.Results In 80 IDC NOS,LOH was identified in 45 cases (56.3 ％) at least in one MS locus.MS locus D1S1310 showed the highest rate of LOH [35.7％ (25/70)].Conclusion Chromosome 1p36 might be the highly deleted region.The results of this study indicate that the chromosomal regions 1p36.23-33 might contain tumor suppressor genes associated with human breast carcinomas.