For hundreds of years, scientists have been inspired by the regeneration phenomena in nature. Thanks to the development in the research tools for molecular biology, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in regeneration has been greatly deepened. Besides the increasing knowledge obtained from the studies on the molecular mechanisms of amphibian regeneration, accumulating evidence has proved that mammals may also have regenerative property, and the repair mechanisms should be conserved cross the species. Therefore, better clinical therapies are expected with the elucidation of regeneration mechanisms. Through introduction of the recent progress in amphibian appendage and mammalian regeneration, we expect the readers to have the fundamental understanding in this promising field.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Xuesaitong Soft Capsule(XSC)on soft plaque in patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis.Methods 240 patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis were randomly recruited into two groups:120 patients in a conrtol group treated by conventional therapy(aspirin and simvastatin),while the other 120 patients in a treatment group were treated by conventional therapy plus XSC.Both groups received the treatment for 6 months,followed by 1 year's succedent study.Results The nature,number and size of soft plaque were apparently improved after treatment in both groups.Such improvements as subsidence of soft plaques,soft plaque turning into a hard plaque,the number of soft plaque and soft plaque volume in the treatment group were superior to the control group(t=3.525.0.01).Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and re-hospitalization in the treatment group were also lower than the control group(t=3.678.0.01).Conclusion XSC is efrective in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis soft plaque and significantly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular and cercbrovascular disease.

Retinal neovascularization is a complicated pathophysiological process as a result of imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Correct understanding of the signaling pathways,exploring the critical factors involved in retinal angiogenesis, looking for new strategies by reconstructing the new vessels are helpful for knowing the mechanism of the occurrence and development of reitnal neovascularization, which would be good for preventing and treating retinal neovascularization diseases.

Objective To explore the role of serum levels of Klotho protein and fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-23 in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods A total of 160 patients with CKD were recruited into CKD group in this study,160 healthy controls were selected in the control group from March 2014 to March 2016.Basic clinical data,blood biochemical index,serum level of Klotho protein and FGF-23 were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The hemoglobin,serum albumin,blood calcium,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho protein levels in the CKD group were lower than those in the control group,and the serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus and FGF-23 were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the progress of CKD stages,hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho protein levels gradually decreased,serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus,FGF-23 level increased(P<0.05).The levels of FGF-23 were negatively related to hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho(r=-0.584,0.692,-0.724)and were positively correlated to serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus(r=0.814,0.703,0.527).The levels of Klotho protein were positively related to hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate(r=0.612,0.685),and were negatively correlated to serum creatinine,blood serum phosphorus,blood urea,FGF-23(r=-0.720,-0.690,-0.519,0.724).Conclusion High concentrations of FGF-23 and Klotho protein with low concentration were not only related to calcium phosphate metabolic disorders of patients with CKD,and were also associated with the prognosis of patients with CKD,which might be early biomarkers and predictor in patients with CKD.

Pathological myopia can induce choroidal neovascularization (PM-CNV).The potential risk factors include ageing,long axial length of the eyeball,thinning of subfoveal choroidal thickness,fundus atrophy spot and lacquer crack.These factors may induce atrophy of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and hypoxia,resulting in vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) secretion by outer retina.The lesion type,location and activity of PM-CNV can be determined by fundus fluorescein angiography.The features of PM-CNV on optical coherence tomography include strong reflective area close to RPE with very small amount of subretinal fluid (active stage),surface strong reflection with signal attenuation area (scar stage) and flat lesion and chorioretinal atrophy (atrophy stage).Photodynamic therapy and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs are major treatments for PM-CNV,the latter is more commonly used now.However,more large randomized controlled studies are required to explore the treatment regimen (such as frequency,indications for repeated or termination of treatment) and the efficacy factors further.

Objective To investigate the effect of zerumbone on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 and its possible mechanism.Methods Zerumbone of various concentrations (3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 μg/ml) were used to treat PANC1, and cells without treatment were used as control.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation.Cell apoptosis analysis was determined by using Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry.Western blotting was performed to evaluate the phosphorylation Statl ( p-STAT1 ), and Bax and Bcl2 protein expression.Results Zerumbone caused a time- and dose-dependent reduction of cell viability in PANC1 cells.After 48h treatment of Zerumbone of 15 μg/ml, cells inhibitory rate was increased to (72.8 ± 2.72 )%, and classic apoptosis morphology was observed, with apoptosis rate was 14.2%.At the same time, p-STAT1, and Bax protein expression was significantly increased (0.654 ±0.048 vs 0.074 ±0.011, 0.577 ±0.044 vs 0.218 ±0.027,P＜0.05);Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased (0.162 ± 0.029 vs 0.459 ± 0.034, P＜0.05).Conclusions Zerumbone may inhibit the proliferation of PANC1 cells and inducing cell apoptosis,which may be related to the up-regulation of STAT1's activity and Bcl-2/Bax ratio.

Objective To explore the effect of clinical nursing pathway (CNP) in perioperative nursing for breast cancer,especially the instructive important role in the rehabilitative excises postoperation and after discharge.Methods In accordance with the standard for the entry and exit of the CNP,102 patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into the experimental group (50 patients) and the control group (52 patients),the experimental group received the care of clinical nursing pathway and the control group received the traditional care.The effect of clinical nursing pathway on the following aspects such as the level of mastering knowledge about hospitalization,self-care ability after discharge,the degree of satisfaction about nursing were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the level of mastering knowledge about hospitalization and self-care ability after discharge in the experimental group were significantly better,the degree of satisfaction about nursing reached 98.92%,which was higher than that of the experimental group.Conclusions Application of the full care model with CNP demonstrated good effect on the perioperative nursing for breast cancer,it encourages patients to do the limb functional training,promotes the recovery of disease,and then shortens hospital stay and saves hospital costs.

Objective To parse the concept of self-management in the context of coronary heart disease based on the content analysis,to clarify the connotation of the concept of self-management.Methods Thirty-four references were recruited through the databases of CNKI,VIP journals knowledge service platform,Wanfang Data Services Platform and Pubmed.We broke the concept of self-management in the context of coronary heart disease into such three aspects as implementing body,major behavior,and facilitators.Results The most common indicators were symptom management(which was mentioned by 78.57％ of domestic literature and 66.67％ of foreign literature),and protect and promote healthcame second,the person with the chronic diseasewas 42.85％,other indicators' frequency existed differences.The major body of coronary artery disease self-management was the patient itself,with the help of assist staff and using lifestyle management,symptom management,rehabilitation and exercise,environmental control,emotional awareness behavior management and medication to maintain patients' satisfactory functional status.Conclusions To parse the concept of self-management in the context of coronary heart disease can be applied as the basis for clinical nursing research and build an effective reference and guidance for future coronary heart disease self-management model building.

Objective To assess the characteristics of different doses of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury,further to understand mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were first randomly divided into two groups:control group (n =6) and AKI group (n =12).Then,AKI group was subsequently divided into other two groups according to different dose of cisplatin (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg).AKI group received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin.All mice were sacrificed after 72 h of injection.Renal biochemical function,renal pathological changes,renal injury markers,kidney mitochondrial function and structural changes were observed.Results (1) After 72 hours of injection,the AKI group performed significant kidney injury changes compared to control group,thereinto 20 mg/kg group was more serious than 10 mg/kg group.With the cisplatin dose increasing,renal function markers such as serum creatinine,urine protein gradually increased.(2)Kidney biopsy showed tubular structural damage,the formation of protein casts,kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) gradually increased(P ＜ 0.05).(3)Electron microscopy found tubular mitochondrial structural damage,mtDNA copy number decreased,the level of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α),ATP synthase β decreased(P ＜ 0.05),and Western blotting manifested cytochrome C was released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm.These data all exhibited significant difference between different groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cisplatin induces acute kidney injury in dose-dependent manner.Mitochondrial dysfunction participates in kidney injury,and is also related to the kidney pathological damage.

Objective To analyze the effects of fetal reduction in early pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes of spontaneously or selectively reduced multiple pregnancies produced by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods Retrospective study of 6917 clinical pregnancies from IVF-ET cycles, including 754 multiple pregnancies divided into two groups according to the remaining fetus number: reduced singleton group (n=599) and reduced twin group (n=155); and maternal and neonatal outcomes of two groups were compared to primary singleton group (n=3589) and primary twin group (n=2574). Results The rate of pregnancy complication [9.85%(59/599) versus 6.21%(223/3589)], preterm birth [19.37%(116/599) versus 10.73%(385/3589)], low birth weight [9.71%(56/577) versus 4.57%(152/3324)], perinatal death [0.69%(4/577) versus 0.12%(4/3324)] and malformation [2.95%(17/577) versus 1.02%(34/3324)] in reduced singleton group were significantly higher than those in primary singleton group (all P<0.01). There were no significant differences between reduced twin group and primary twin group (all P>0.05). In reduced singleton group, birth defect rate was 2.95%, which was higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05), in this group spontaneous pregnancy reduction accounted for 89.3%(535/599). Conclusions (1) The rate of pregnancy complication, preterm birth, low birth weight, perinatal death and malformation in reduced singleton group are still higher than primary singletons, suggesting embryo reduction only is a compensated method in multiple pregnancies. Limiting the number of embryos transferred is the essential solution. (2) The rate of birth defect in spontaneous pregnancy reduction group is higher, so prenatal examination should be reinforced in this group.