For hundreds of years, scientists have been inspired by the regeneration phenomena in nature. Thanks to the development in the research tools for molecular biology, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in regeneration has been greatly deepened. Besides the increasing knowledge obtained from the studies on the molecular mechanisms of amphibian regeneration, accumulating evidence has proved that mammals may also have regenerative property, and the repair mechanisms should be conserved cross the species. Therefore, better clinical therapies are expected with the elucidation of regeneration mechanisms. Through introduction of the recent progress in amphibian appendage and mammalian regeneration, we expect the readers to have the fundamental understanding in this promising field.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Xuesaitong Soft Capsule(XSC)on soft plaque in patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis.Methods 240 patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis were randomly recruited into two groups:120 patients in a conrtol group treated by conventional therapy(aspirin and simvastatin),while the other 120 patients in a treatment group were treated by conventional therapy plus XSC.Both groups received the treatment for 6 months,followed by 1 year's succedent study.Results The nature,number and size of soft plaque were apparently improved after treatment in both groups.Such improvements as subsidence of soft plaques,soft plaque turning into a hard plaque,the number of soft plaque and soft plaque volume in the treatment group were superior to the control group(t=3.525.0.01).Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and re-hospitalization in the treatment group were also lower than the control group(t=3.678.0.01).Conclusion XSC is efrective in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis soft plaque and significantly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular and cercbrovascular disease.

Pathological myopia can induce choroidal neovascularization (PM-CNV).The potential risk factors include ageing,long axial length of the eyeball,thinning of subfoveal choroidal thickness,fundus atrophy spot and lacquer crack.These factors may induce atrophy of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and hypoxia,resulting in vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) secretion by outer retina.The lesion type,location and activity of PM-CNV can be determined by fundus fluorescein angiography.The features of PM-CNV on optical coherence tomography include strong reflective area close to RPE with very small amount of subretinal fluid (active stage),surface strong reflection with signal attenuation area (scar stage) and flat lesion and chorioretinal atrophy (atrophy stage).Photodynamic therapy and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs are major treatments for PM-CNV,the latter is more commonly used now.However,more large randomized controlled studies are required to explore the treatment regimen (such as frequency,indications for repeated or termination of treatment) and the efficacy factors further.

Objective To explore the role of serum levels of Klotho protein and fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-23 in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods A total of 160 patients with CKD were recruited into CKD group in this study,160 healthy controls were selected in the control group from March 2014 to March 2016.Basic clinical data,blood biochemical index,serum level of Klotho protein and FGF-23 were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The hemoglobin,serum albumin,blood calcium,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho protein levels in the CKD group were lower than those in the control group,and the serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus and FGF-23 were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the progress of CKD stages,hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho protein levels gradually decreased,serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus,FGF-23 level increased(P<0.05).The levels of FGF-23 were negatively related to hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho(r=-0.584,0.692,-0.724)and were positively correlated to serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus(r=0.814,0.703,0.527).The levels of Klotho protein were positively related to hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate(r=0.612,0.685),and were negatively correlated to serum creatinine,blood serum phosphorus,blood urea,FGF-23(r=-0.720,-0.690,-0.519,0.724).Conclusion High concentrations of FGF-23 and Klotho protein with low concentration were not only related to calcium phosphate metabolic disorders of patients with CKD,and were also associated with the prognosis of patients with CKD,which might be early biomarkers and predictor in patients with CKD.

Retinal neovascularization is a complicated pathophysiological process as a result of imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Correct understanding of the signaling pathways,exploring the critical factors involved in retinal angiogenesis, looking for new strategies by reconstructing the new vessels are helpful for knowing the mechanism of the occurrence and development of reitnal neovascularization, which would be good for preventing and treating retinal neovascularization diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of clinical nursing pathway (CNP) in perioperative nursing for breast cancer,especially the instructive important role in the rehabilitative excises postoperation and after discharge.Methods In accordance with the standard for the entry and exit of the CNP,102 patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into the experimental group (50 patients) and the control group (52 patients),the experimental group received the care of clinical nursing pathway and the control group received the traditional care.The effect of clinical nursing pathway on the following aspects such as the level of mastering knowledge about hospitalization,self-care ability after discharge,the degree of satisfaction about nursing were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the level of mastering knowledge about hospitalization and self-care ability after discharge in the experimental group were significantly better,the degree of satisfaction about nursing reached 98.92%,which was higher than that of the experimental group.Conclusions Application of the full care model with CNP demonstrated good effect on the perioperative nursing for breast cancer,it encourages patients to do the limb functional training,promotes the recovery of disease,and then shortens hospital stay and saves hospital costs.

Objective To analyze the expression and regulation of components of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the correlation between intrarenal angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) expression and clinicopathological injury index in primary IgA nephropathy patients. Methods Expressions of intrarenal RAS components were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining (IHCS). Correlation among intrarenal RAS components and of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ expression with blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 24-h urinary protein and Katafuchi score in 36 primary IgA nephropathy patients were examined. Results There were positive correlations between positive IHCS area of intrarenal renin and Ang Ⅱ (r=0.43, P＜0.01), angiotensiongen and Ang Ⅱ (r=0.34, P＜0.05). There was negative correlation between positive IHCS area of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ and eGFR (r=-0.61, P＜0.01). There was positive correlation between positive IHCS area of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ and pathological chronicity index (ρ=0.39, P＜0.05), index of interstitial cell infiltration (ρ =0.52, P ＜0.05). Conclusion Expression of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ is positively correlated with expression of intrarenal renin and angiotensinogen, and plays an important role in kidney fibrosis in primary IgA nephropathy.

Objective To analyze the effects of fetal reduction in early pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes of spontaneously or selectively reduced multiple pregnancies produced by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods Retrospective study of 6917 clinical pregnancies from IVF-ET cycles, including 754 multiple pregnancies divided into two groups according to the remaining fetus number: reduced singleton group (n=599) and reduced twin group (n=155); and maternal and neonatal outcomes of two groups were compared to primary singleton group (n=3589) and primary twin group (n=2574). Results The rate of pregnancy complication [9.85%(59/599) versus 6.21%(223/3589)], preterm birth [19.37%(116/599) versus 10.73%(385/3589)], low birth weight [9.71%(56/577) versus 4.57%(152/3324)], perinatal death [0.69%(4/577) versus 0.12%(4/3324)] and malformation [2.95%(17/577) versus 1.02%(34/3324)] in reduced singleton group were significantly higher than those in primary singleton group (all P<0.01). There were no significant differences between reduced twin group and primary twin group (all P>0.05). In reduced singleton group, birth defect rate was 2.95%, which was higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05), in this group spontaneous pregnancy reduction accounted for 89.3%(535/599). Conclusions (1) The rate of pregnancy complication, preterm birth, low birth weight, perinatal death and malformation in reduced singleton group are still higher than primary singletons, suggesting embryo reduction only is a compensated method in multiple pregnancies. Limiting the number of embryos transferred is the essential solution. (2) The rate of birth defect in spontaneous pregnancy reduction group is higher, so prenatal examination should be reinforced in this group.

Objective To discuss the application effect of seamless training model of "demonstration unit" on nursing teaching. Methods 210 nursing students from high professional schools from 2006 to 2009 were set as the experimental group, 210 nursing students of the same education background were selected as the control group. The experimental group adopted seamless training model of "demonstration unit", the control group used traditional segmental teaching mode. Teaching effect was compared between the two groups. Results The theoretic test results, operation and technological testing results and satisfaction degree with the teaching in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusions The seamless training model of "demonstration unit" is approved by the patients, teachers and nursing students and improves the quality of clinical teaching. It should be used widely in clinical nursing education.

Xenopus Paraxial Protocadherin (PAPC), which was initially identified in a screen for genes present in the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos, is required for gastrulation, somitogenesis and otic vesicle formation. In order to investigate its function in various developmental events, an antibody was prepared which could specifically recognize Xenopus PAPC. Glutathione S transferase (GST) expression system was used to express the fusion protein GST-PAPC. Rabbits were immunized with GST-PAPC Western blotting analysis of FL-PAPC transfected HEK 293T cells lysates, which could be specifically blocked by pre-adsorption of prokaryotic expressed GST-PAPC fusion protein. Furthermore, by using immunofluorescence analysis the polyclonal antibody recognized membrane-bound PAPC in FL-PAPC transfected 293T cells and Xenopus animal cap cells. By Western blotting analysis,the endogenous 150 ku PAPC protein was detected in Xenopus embryos using the anti-PAPC antibody. Take together it could be concluded that a polyclonal antibody specifically against Xenopus PAPC was developed.