Objective To evaluate the value of liver acquisition with volume acceleration(LAVA) in the diagnosis of hepatic outflow abnormalities.Methods LAVA was performed in 78 patients with suspected hepatic outflow abnormalities,thrombosis,stenosis,occlusion,or compression,including 71 hepatocellular carcinomas and 7 Budd-Chiari syndrome.Image quality and the presence of venous abnormalities and collaterals were evaluated.Results LAVA images were of diagnostic quality and without artifact in all patients.LAVA clearly showed the vascular anatomy and various disorders.The site,extent,cause of venous obstruction,and collateral pathways were well depicted.Conclusion LAVA is simple to perform and accurate in detecting hepatic outflow abnormalities.

Seven cases exhibited segmental bile duct dilation with filling defects. One case only showed dilatation of lobar bile ducts. Conclusion MRI features of IPNB are helpful for distinguishing IPNB from other hepatic lesions.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether intracerebral transplantation of heterogenous neural stem cells(NSCs) may cause immunal rejection or not.MethodsNSCs derived from the brain of embryonic 16-day Wistar rat were cultured in vitro. Cerebral ischemic SD rat models were made by middle cerebral artery occlusion and NSCs were transplanted into the ipsilateral or contralateral caudate nucleus 4 days later. Rats were sacrificed at different time points after transplantation, the reaction and proliferation of mononuclear phagocytic system(MPS) and splenic follicles as well as the survival and migration of NSCs were checked.ResultsNumerous NSCs survived and migrated toward the lesion in vivo. Comparing with control group that did not receive NSCs transplantation, there was no significant infiltration of mononuclear phagocytes or proliferation of splenic follicles in NSCs transplanted rats.ConclusionsIntracerebral transplantation of heterogenous neural stem cells did not cause remarkable immunal rejection.

ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to investigate more effective ways in postgraduate academic training and research management by analysis of the scientific papers published in graduate school period.MethodsThe categories,quantity and quality of the scientific papers published by postgraduate students in Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed statistically.ResultsThe quantity of papers published by postgraduate students has been stably improved year by year,and the quality of the papers has shown an obvious tendency of increasing.ConclusionsAn outstanding research capability of the whole institute,the strict demand of supervisors and the reasonable encouraging systems in scientific research management are all the guarantee of the improvement of academic research ability of postgraduate students in Beijing Neurosurgical Institute.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of LARS artificial ligament on reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament of keen joint.METHODS: Articles addressing reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament were retrieved from VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) with the key words of "LARS artificial ligament, cruciate ligament,reconstruction" in Chinese between January 2000 and February 2010.Inclusion criteria: advantages and disadvantages of reconstructing anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament; clinical application of reconstructing anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament.Exclusion criteria: Duplicated studies or old references were excluded.A total of 31 articles were included in the final analysis.RESULTS: Reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament characterized by convenient operation, short operative time, mild trauma, engaging in movement early, great strength, simple implantation, and reliable fixation; however, most patients were not able to bear the high medical cost, thus clinical application was limited.Scholars thought that LARS artificial ligament had great effects on reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament.CONCLUSION: Patients who had multi-ligament injury, overhauling of ligament, and early movement were treated with LARS artificial ligament.

Based on B.S. Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, development of medical students' core competence requirements is paid great attention to meet the needs of society within worldwide medical education community. The Institute for International Medical Education has developed the “Global Minimum Essential Requirements in Medical Education” of medical students' core competence oriented in the educational objectives of physicians.

Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic characteristics of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (AFH). Methods The ultrasonographic and pathological characteristics in nine patients with pathologically confirmed AFH were retrospectively analyzed. Results All the 9 patients were hyaline vascular type of AFH. Ultrasonic manifestations included complete capsule, regular shape and clear boundary, internal solide low echo, mild posterior echo enhancement and without cystic degeneration, which was relative to the less incidence of necrosis and hemorrhage on pathologic findings. Calcification in the lesions were found in two patients. Color Doppler flow signals were observed in the periphery of lesions in 9 patients, and rich flow signals were observed in the center of lesions in 2 of them. Conclusion The ultrasonic manifestations of AFH has its own characteristics. The ultrasonic manifestations combined with clinical features are helpful to the differential diagnosis. The final diagnosis depends on pathologic examination.

Objective To observe and explore the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined rehabilitation training in treating with spasm cerebral palsy patients.Methods 128 spasm cerebral palsy patients in our hospital from February 2012 to May 2014 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group (68 cases) and the control group (60 cases).The patients of the control group were given massage,ganglioside intravenous treatment,the patients of the observation group were given acupuncture combined rehabilitation training on the basis of the control group.The total treatment was 3 months,after the treatment,the Ashworth score and the total effective effective rate of the two groups were compared.Results After treatment,the observation group of patients with Ashworth spasm rating scale significantly better than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05),the observation group of patients and the control group after treatment in patients with Ashworth spasm of rating scale were significantly better than that of before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),the treatment of patients with observation group total effective rate is significantly higher than control group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions On the basis of the comprehensive treatment of acupuncture combined rehabilitation training therapy in patients with spastic type cerebral palsy treatment effect significantly,can significantly improve the patient' s level of limb muscle tension,worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective To analyze the natural changes of maternal thyroid function among women with subclinical thyroid dysfunction and euthyroid women during pregnancy.Methods A total of 4 042 singleton pregnant women received routine antenatal care in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between April and November 2012 were enrolled.Thyroid-stimulatinghormones (TSH),freetriiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) of 7 136 samples from 4 042 singleton pregnant women were tested at 8-12+6,13-19+6,20-27+6,and 28-40 weeks of gestation and were used to establish the normal gestationalspecific reference values of thyroid function.Among 3 895 women having thyroid function tested at 8-19+6 weeks of gestation with negative thyroid antibodies,there were 93 cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism,91 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH),three cases of hyperthyroidism and 3 708 cases euthyroid.There were 1 118 women [1 607 euthyroid cases,17 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and 34 cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism] had thyroid function retested at 20-27+6 and 28-40 weeks of gestation,and without medicinal intervention.Analysis of variance and LSD test were used to analyze the changes of maternal thyroid function.Results (1) The reference ranges of TSH at 8-12+6,13-19+6,20 27+6 and 28-40 weeks of gestation [median (Pz5-P97.5)] were 1.32 (0.03-4.17),1.83 (0.19-4.94),2.27 (0.70-5.42) and 2.34 (0.63-5.52) mU/L respectively.(2) Without medicinal intervention,thyroid function became normal in 80％ (45/56) SCH women at 20-27+6 weeks,but 20％ (9/45) of them developed SCH again at 28-40 weeks.The thyroid function became normal in 75％ (70/93) women with subclinical hyperthyroidism at 20-27+6 weeks,but in 15％ (14/93) of them,thyroid function remained abnormal at 28-40 weeks.9.40％ (30/319) and 6.25％ (21/336) euthyroid women with TSH ≥ 3 mU/L at 8-19+6 weeks of gestation developed SCH at 20-27+6 weeks and 28-40 weeks,while 0.42％ (5/1 202) and 0.86％ (10/1 163) euthyroid women with TSH ＜3 mU/L had SCH.1.66％ (20/1 202) and 1.98％ (23/1 163) euthyroid women with TSH＜3 mU/L at 8-19+6 weeks of gestation developed subclinical hyperthyroidism at 20-27+6 weeks and 28-40 weeks of gestation.(3) In comparison between 8-19+6 weeks and 20-27+6 weeks of gestation,TSH levels increased by (0.47±0.03) mU/L in euthyroid women,and more significantly in subclinical hyperthyroidism women [(0.82±0.06) mU/L],but decreased by (1.67±0.25) mU/L in SCH women (LSD test,all P＜0.05).The FT3 levels decreased by (0.47±0.02) pmol/L in euthyroid women,and more significantly in subclinical hyperthyroidism and SCH groups [(1.02± 0.18) and (0.72±0.08) pmol/L,LSD test,all P＜0.05].FT4 decreased by (2.31 ±0.04) pmol/L in euthyroid women,and more significanly in subclinical hyperthyroidism women [(4.63± 0.62) pmol/L] (LSD test,P＜0.05),but the decrement in SCH group [(1.78±0.28) pmol/L] was similar to euthyroid women (LSD test,P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in changes of TSH,FT3 and FT4 at 20-27+6 weeks and 28-40 weeks among euthyroid women,SCH and subclinical hyperthyroidism groups (F=1.01,1.14 and 2.04,all P＞0.05).Conclusions Women with subclinical thyroid dysfunction with negative thyroid antibodies experience significantly different natural changes when compared with euthyroid women,especially before 28 weeks of gestation.

Objective To explore the effects of oral rehydration salts [Ⅰ] (ORS Ⅰ) for autonomic nerve mediated syncope(NMS) in children with different hemodynamic patterns.Methods A total of 105 patients with unexplained syncope and prodromal symptoms of syncope who were confirmed as NMS by head-up tilt table test(HUTY) and treated in the Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology,Children's Medical Center,the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,from March 2012 to February 2015.Their ages were from 4 to 18 years old,the average age was (11.96 ± 2.86) years old.Totally 73 cases were diagnosed as vasovagal syncope (VVS) (46 cases were vasodepressor type,27 cases were VVS mixed type or cardioinhibitory type),while 32 cases were diagnosed as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome(POTS).Simple random method was used to divide them into conventional therapy (health education and tilt training) plus ORS Ⅰ group (55 cases),and conventional therapy group (50 cases).Patients were followed up for 6-25 (14.82 ± 6.13) months.The recurrence of syncope and review of HUTT outcome assessment in 6 months,treatment was studied to evaluate short-term efficacy of 2 different therapies for NMS in children with different hemodynamic patterns.Taking recurrence of syncope as outcome events,Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to compare long-term efficacy of different therapies in treating NMS children.Results There was no statistical difference in the short-term efficacy among the different hemodynamic patterns when treated with conventional therapy plus ORS I,or conventional therapy(all P ＞ 0.05).The cumulative efficiency of the conventional therapy plus ORS Ⅰ was superior to that of the conventional therapy for NMS children through the long-term follow-up study (74.5％ vs.52.0％,x2 =14.424,P ＜ 0.01).Patients with vasodepressor patterns had a better response than those with mixed or cardioinhibitory patterns to conventional therapy plus ORS I (90.0％ vs.61.1％,x2 =4.435,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with VVS mixed type or cardioinhibitory type,children with VVS vasodepressor patterns are more appropriate to take ORS I as initial treatment.