Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of secretagogne (SCGN) in neuroendocrinal tumors.Methods Immunohistochemistry was applied for detecting expression of SCGN,chromogranin A (CgA),synaptophysin (Syn) and neuronspecific enolase (NSE) in 45 cases of neuroendocrinal tumors.The difference between the expression of SCGN and the remaining indicators were compared.And different expression profiles of SCGN between groups categorized by sex,age and degree of differentiation were also compared.Results The positive expression rate of SCGN,CgA,Syn and NSE in neuroendocrinal tumors was 95.56％ (43/45),100.00％ (45/45),46.67％ (21/45) and 88.89％ (40/45) respectively,and the differences among them were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.01).Expression of SCGN was not correlated with the patient's sex,age and degree of differentiation (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Most cases of neuroendocrinal tumors are positive for SCGN and SCGN is more sensitive than CgA.Syn is the most sensitive one for diagnosis of neuroendocrinal tumors.SCGN can be seen as a novel neuroendocrinal marker in the clinical diagnosis of neuroendocrinal tumors.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic value of Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy vs. chemo-therapy alone for non-small lung cancer(NSCLC),and to provide reference for drug payment and clinical treatment. METHODS:By prospective cohort design,516 patients with non-small cell lung cancer from 11 hospitals were selected as subjects according to the sale distribution of Shenqi fuzheng injection in district and hospital;267 cases of Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with che-motherapy and 249 cases of chemotherapy alone formed naturally according the clinical therapy plan. The cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis were conducted using FACT-L score,KPS score and ZPS score as effect index,QALYs as effectiveness index observation period of 21 d. RESULTS:5 dimensions FACT-L score:the patients of Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemo-therapy group could be effectively improved,and the cost-effectiveness ratio was lower than chemotherapy alone group;KPS score:the cost-effectiveness ratio of Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy group was lower than chemotherapy alone group (1 632.44 vs. 11 145.30),and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 448.69. ZPS score:Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy group was lower than chemotherapy alone(-17 398.77 vs. 384 513.00). Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy group was lower than chemotherapy alone group in average cost per 1 QALYs(1 313 326 yuan vs. 13 374 365 yuan). CONCLUSIONS:Compared with chemotherapy alone group,Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemo-therapy can effectively improve the quality of life,and it is worth of spending more money on Shenqi fuzheng injection from the perspective of the pharmacoeconomics.

Allyamine or sodium vinyl sulfate was added into the solutions of acrylamide and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide to make mixed monomer solutions. These solutions were respectively introduced in methacrylsiloxane-modifidied capillaries. In situ polymerization was initiated by thermally induced radicals. A polymer layer was chemically bonded to the inner wall, resulting in valently modified capillary columns. By altering the addition amounts of allyamine or sodium vinyl sulfate, differently charged polymeric layers were obtained. Five columns were prepared. The result indicated that columns modified with polymers containing amino groups were advantageous over those containing sulphonic acid groups or none. Further comparison revealed that the columns modified with a solution containing 0.15 mol/L acrylamide, 0.03 mol/L N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and more than 1 mol/L allylamine exhibited good resolution. It is convenient to adjust electroosmotic flows(EOFs) in the columns by this way. In the meantime unspecific protein adsorption was efficiently depressed. When subjected) to zone electrophoresis of proteins from chicken egg white, the column showed high resolution and good reproducibility.

BACKGROUND: In clinical, propofol can contract cerebral vessels, decrease cerebral blood flow, decrease brain metabolic oxygen consumption,which can decrease pressure in brain. Studies prove that propofol can protect endothelial cell that may be injuried by active oxygen injury and also decrease nerves injury of experimental rats with cerebral ischemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of propofol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat and its mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled study.SETTING:Anesthesiological Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was conducted at Pharmacological Laboratory of Medical College of Xi' an Jiaotong University in 2004. Totally 40 healthy male SD rats, aged 3-4 months, weighting 200-300 g, were divided randomly into four groups: Model group, control group, nimodipine group and propofol group, with 10 in each group.METHODS: The rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal methods with ketamine and propofol separately. When righting reflex was abolished, external carotid artery was separated and ligated. A nylon thread was put at the stump site of external carotid artery without ligation. Model group: 10 mL normal saline was injected into intraperitone in 10 minutes before ischemia.Control group: 10 mL normal saline was injected into intraperitone at the end of operation. Nimodipine group: 10 g/L nimodipine (1 mg/kg) was injected into intraperitone in10 minutes before ischemia. Propofol group: 10 g/L propofol (110 mg/Kg) was injected into intraperitone in 10 minutes before ischemia. When ischemia was lasted for 3 hours, nylon thread was with drawed for reperfusion. When reperfusion was lasted for 3 hours, blood samples were obtained from orbit. Skulls were opened and brains were removed.Effect of propofol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Infarction area, cerebral water content,serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels, brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ca2+levels were measured. Ultrastructure of brain tissue was examined under electron microscope.RESULTS: ①Infarct area in propofol group was significantly smaller than that in model group [(10.45±3.65, 19.68±4.03)%, (t=3.493,P ＜ 0.01)]. ② CK level was lower in propofol group than that in model group [(471±200,1 930±917) IU/L, (t=3.493, P ＜ 0.01)]; and LDH level in propofol group [(8 240±2 580) U/L] was significantly different from that in model group [(15 470±2 680) U/L, (t=3.441, P ＜ 0.01)]; And water content in brain tissue was lower in propofol group than that in model group [(78.2±2.4,82.9±2.9)%, (t=3.321, P ＜ 0.01)]. ③ The death rate of rats was 13.6%in propofol group, and 47.6% in model group, the former was decreased obviously as compared with the latter, and the difference was significant (t=6.21,P ＜ 0.05). ④ SOD activity was (1 690±780) U/g in propofol group and (830±110) U/g in model group, the difference was significant (t=3.420, P ＜ 0.01); but MDA content was obviously lower in propofol group than that in model group [(0.058±0.014, 0.115±0.047) μmol/g, (t=3.336, P ＜ 0.01)].CONCLUSION: Propofol has protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reper fusion injury in rats, and the mechanism is related with inhibition of Ca2+overloading and lipid peroxidation.

In the presence of silver ion, Mn2+ could be electro-oxidized to potassium hypermanganate in phosphoric acid solution, which could effectively react with pyrocatechol in acid solution and luminol in sodium hydroxide solution to produce chemiluminescence. On the basis of this, a novel indirect approach for the detection of Mn2+ was established. The effect of silver ions on the electrochemical oxidation of Mn2+was studied. when 1. 5 ×10-5 mol/L Ag+ and 0. 01 mol/L phosphoric acid solution were used in the process of electrochemical oxidation, the CL intensity could be up to the maximum value after the above solution was electrolyzed for 2 min. The relation of CL intensity and Mn2+concentration in the solutions at different pH and the selectivity were also investigated. when the pyrocatechol was used as luminescent reagent in the acidic medium, the CL intensity was linearly to the Mn2+concentration in the range of 1. 82×10-7-7. 27×10-5 mol/L with excellent selectivity. Common ions had little interferences in the determination of Mn2+. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Mn2+ in surface water and drinking water with satisfactory results.

Aim To investigate if anti-depressive effect of venlafaxine was associated with improving oxi-dative stress and expression of hippocampus NET and 5-HTT in rat model induced by CUS. MethodsEighty SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups:model group(MG),normal group(NG), ven-lafaxine-treated normal group ( VNG ) , and venlafax-ine-treated model group ( VMG) . VNG and VMG were given venlafaxine (23. 4 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) once daily;NG and MG were given the same volume solvent. Soli-tary condition with chronic unpredicted stress ( CUS ) was taken to establish rat depression model. The force swimming test was used to evaluate the behavior chan-ges of experimental rats. The malondialdehyde ( MDA) level and activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in serum were determined by biochemical methods. The mRNA and protein expressions of NET and 5-HTT in
hippocampus were determined by Real-Time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( real-time RT-PCR) and Western blot ( WB) , respectively. Results Compared with NG rats, obviously increasing immo-bile time of rats in force swimming test and serum MDA level, as well as significantly decreasing SOD activity in serum was observed with clearly decreasing 5-HTT expression and elevating NET expression in hippocam-pus of MG rats. The treatment of venlafaxine distinctly suppressed changes above from CUS-induced rats. However, significant changes failed to be found in VNG rats. Conclusion The anti-depressive effect of venlafaxine may at least partly involve in improving ox-idative stress/anti-oxidative stress balance and revers-ing abnormal expression of NET and 5-HTT.

Aim To investigate whether chronically un-predictable stress (CUS)-induced depression-like be-haviors of rats is associated with the variant expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)and tyrosine hydrox-ylase (TH).Methods 30 male SD rats were ran-domly divided into depression model group(MG)and control group (CG),the former was established using CUS plus solitary condition for 28 d,whereas the latter was fed normally as five rats per cage without CUS. The open field test(OFT)and the sucrose preference test were used to evaluate depressive behaviors.Both mRNA and protein expressions of TPH and TH in hip-pocampus and forebrain cortex were determined by re-al-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot (WB),respectively.Results MG rats showed obvi-ous depressive behaviors with much lower locomotive activity and sucrose preference than CG.Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expressions of TPH and TH also significantly decreased in MG rats,compared with CG rats.Conclusion The depression behaviors of rats in-duced by CUS may be associated with down-regulation of TPH and TH expression.

Objective To establish a simple diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) rat model with the high fat-fed in GK rats. Methods A total of 30 GK rats (7-8 weeks) were fed with high-fat diet to establish the DPN model. Thirty normal Wistar rats were fed with ordinary diet (control group). The blood-sugar value, body mass, water-intake and food-intake were monitored every week in two groups. The serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin, the right sciatic nerve conduction velocity were detected at 8, 12 and 16 weeks respectively. The left sciatic nerve was used for HE and TUNEL staining. Results The manifestations of polydipsia, polyphagia and growth retardation were gradually appeared in GK rats. After 12 and 16 weeks, the blood-sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly increased in GK rats compared with those of normal Wistar rats (P < 0.01). The sensory nerve conduction velocity decreased obviously (P < 0.01). And motor nerve conduction velocity showed a certain decline trend (12 week P < 0.05,16 week P > 0.05). The sciatic nerve pathological features and Schwann cell apoptosis suggested that the model of DPN was successfully established (apoptosis index, P <0.01). Conclusion GK rats fed by high-fat diet are the satisfactory models of the DPN in experimental research. And 12-week is a suitable and economical time for molding.

An ultra performance convergence chromatographic ( UPC2 ) method was established for the attribution analysis of the main peaks as well as the quantitative determination of echinacoside andβ-ecdyserone in Bushen Jiannao Grains. The samples were extracted with ethanol and separated on Waters ACQUITY UPC2TM BEH column (100 mm × 3. 00 mm, 1. 7 μm), with a gradient supercritical CO2-0. 05%phosphoric acid-methanol solvent system at 40 ℃. The flow rate was 0. 8 mL/min, the detection wavelength was set at 248 nm and the injection volume was 1 μL. Results showed that all the main peaks in the fingerprint were clearly attributed. The peak named 12 wasβ-ecdyserone with the content of 380μg/g and the peak named 15 was echinacoside with the content of 9. 562 mg/g. The method was simple, eco-friendly, accurate and reliable compared with HPLC and UPLC.

Objective To investigate the effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the postnatal lung development in newborn rats.Methods A total of 60 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 5.0-8.0 g) in five age groups were studied in the first experiment.The rats were divided based on the different postnatal ages:postnatal day (PND)I,PND4,PND7 and PND14.A total of 45 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 5.0-8.0 g) were randomly divided into three groups according to the dosage of DEHP administered in the second experiment.The newborn rats were administered DEHP through intraperitoneal injection at 10 (low-dose subgroup),100 (medium-dose subgroup) or 750 (high-dose subgroup) mg/kg daily from PND1 to PND13.The rats were sacrificed on PND14.Pups were sacrificed with lethal dose injection of pentobarbital sodium.The lung was removed.The right middle lobes were used for analysis.The tissue was processed for histology and lung sections were stained with HE for light microscopic (LM) morphometric measurement.The analysis was performed by means of a digital image analysis system,including pulmonary interstitial area ratio (IAR) and total length density of all segments.One-way ANOVA,LSD and Dunnet T3 methods were used for statistical analysis.Results In the normal controls,IAR decreased significantly by (31.97±5.03) ％,(30.05±3.57)％,(25.33± 1.83)％ and(22.01 ±2.19)％,respectively,from PND1 to PND14 (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).IAR in medium-and high-dose subgroups increased significantly by (24.11 ±2.78)％ and (26.53± 3.42)％,respectively on PND 14.The total length density of all segments in unit area lung volume increased significantly by 0.047 8±0.003 7,0.050 0±0.002 9,0.071 2±0.003 0 and 0.084 4±0.004 3,respectively from PND1 to PND14 (P＜0.01).In the DEHP treated animals,when compared with the control group,IAR was significantly higher on PND14 (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while the total length density of all segments in unit area lung volume was significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Length density in medium-and high-dose subgroups were higher than that of low-dose subgroup by 0.082 9±0.001 8,0.077 2±0.002 0 and 0.071 3±0.003 7,respectively on PND14 (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Medium-and high-dose DEHP affect the postnatal lung development in rats in a dose-dependent mode.