Synaptosomes were isolated from pig brain by homogenization, differential centrifugation and sucrose gradient centrifugation. After synaptosome lysis in hypoosmotic buffer, the plasma membrane vesicles were collected. Following the solubilization of plasma membrane vesicles in Triton X-100, the solubilized protein was applied to calmodulin affinity chromatography colurnn, and the delipidated plasma membrane Ca2 + -ATPase was purified to nearly homogeneity. The novel feature of this purification is the use of large affinity column and heavy washing to facilitate the purified Ca2+ -ATPase with higher activity and protein yield. The specific activity of the purified Ca2+ -ATPase was recovered to a maximum of 3.32 μmol· mg-1· min-1 after incubation with asolectin. Silver staining of SDS-PAGE revealed a single protein band around Mr 140 000, showing the purity was over 90 %. Different Ca2 + concentrations dramatically affect the specific activity of Ca2 + -ATPase.

Objective To introduce improved techniques for one-stage operation of penile lengthening and thickening. Methods 8 cases were operated by this kind of procedure which comprised bilateral longitudinal incision of the corpora cavernosa and enlargement of the tunica albuginea using sapheneous grafts. Results All the cases gained satisfactory results without serious complications such as infection, fistula, and hemorrhage. All the cases who have married resumed regular and satisfactory sexual activities after one month without any functional limitation . The penile corpus circumferential measurements after operation immediately and at 12-month follow-up revealed increases of 1-2 cm. Conclusions The introduced technique for one-stage plastic procedure of penis lengthening and thickening indicates for treating micropenis and dysmorphophobia in terms of aesthetics or sexual function need . The new technique is a reliable method for penile augmentation with good configuration, satisfactory function and few complications.

Objective To identify the factors related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) prognosis in a retrospective study.Methods One hundred and six patients were evaluated with ALS enrolled in our hospital from January 1994 to December 2004.The patients were monitored with a standard evaluation form,which recorded clinical features,function rating scale (FRS) and forced vital capacity (FVC) every 3 or 6 months from visit to death or having tracheostomy.Results Mean age at onset was (52.1±10.5) years.According to revised El Escorial diagnostic criteria (EEDC),52 patients had definite ALS,37 probable ALS,17 possible ALS.The median survival time from symptom onset was 35 months (95% CI 30-40 months).In the univariate analysis,survival was significantly related to lesion site,lag time from onset to diagnosis and predicted FVC at diagnosis (Log rank 6.84,43.30,4.78,all P < 0.05).In the Cox multivariate model,lag time from onset to diagnosis was significantly related to survival (Wald 20.221,hazard ratio 0.351,P<0.05).Age,sex,EEDC classification,FRS at diagnosis were not related to survival.Conclusion Lag time from onset to diagnosis is a strong predictor of survival,which suggests that progression rate is highly related to survival and further study is needed.

Objective To investigate the progression rate and prognosis of spinal decompression surgery after the onset of symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).Methods A total of 329consecutive patients with deftnite or probable ALS were enrolled in the study.The patients were recorded with clinical features,history of spinal surgery,etc. Some of the patients were monitored every 3 months from visit to death or tracheostomy.Results Of 329 typical sporadic ALS,we found cervical spondylosis in 156(47.4%)patients,among whom 19(5.8%)underwent decompressive spinal surgery.No differences were noted regarding age at symptom onset,Sex and ALSFRS-R at time of diagnosis between ALS patients who underwent spinal surgery and other ALS patients.But the time from symptom onset to diagnosis was significantly longer in patients with spinal surgery((23.0±6.5)months vs(13.7±7.9)months,t=4.800,P=0.000).In the folow-up study,there were no differences in the rate of disease progression and survival between 2 groups.Conclusions All patients have inevitably progressed after spinal surgery.Although the surgery does not obviously fasten disease progression rate and shorten survival,it prolongs the time from disease onset to diagnosis,therefore should be handled with caution in patients with concurrent ALS and cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective To investigate the effect of butylphthalide on Nrf2 signaling pathway after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and neuroprotective effect.Methods A model of middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats was induced by suture method.The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:a sham operation,an ischemia-reperfusion,a low-dose (100 mg/kg) butylphthalide,and a high-dose (400 mg/kg) butylphthalide.Neurological deficit score was performed at 24 h after referfusion.Western blotting was used to detect the Nrf2 expression,the superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehydecontent in the ischemic brain tissue.TUNEL assay was used to detect the nerve cell apoptosis.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of cleaved caspase-3.Results Butylphthalide significantly upregulated the Nrf2 protein expression with a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05),increased superoxide dismutase activity (P ＜ 0.05),decreased malondialdehyde content (P ＜ 0.05),decreased numbers of cleaved caspase-3 positive cells and apoptotic cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Butylphthalide may play a significant neuroprotective effect after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Its role may be associated with the upreglation of Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhancing antioxidant activity

Objective:To analyze the impact of NBP on the expression of HSP 70 and TLR4 in the rat with ischemia-reperfusion.Methods:The 144 rats were divided into 3 groups,Sham group,IR group and NBP group.The 3 groups were divided into 4 groups again according to the time of reperfusion (6h,12h,24h and 48h).The intraluminal ischemia-reperfusion model was made by improved Longa.When the model was made successfully ,the rat in NBP group was gave oral NBP immediately while the IR and Sham group was gave oral NS.The neurological deficit scores , number of apoptotic cells , expression of HSP70 and TLR4 were compared during the 3 groups.Results:The neurological function ,apoptosis,the expression of HSP70 and TLR4 in NBP group at any reperfusion time were statistical lower than in IR group.In all the infusion periods,apoptotic cells in IR and NBP group were significantly higher than that in the Sham group.In all the infusion periods ,the positive cells in IR and NBP group were significantly lower than that in the Sham group.Conclusion:NBP can protect the function of neuron by improving the inhibition of HSP 70 and TLR4.

Objective To investigate the olanzapine and quetiapine quetiapine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients of different clinical effects and influence on the swallowing function of patient.Methods According to the order of visits to the author departments were 73 cases of Alzheimer's patients were divided into group A(37 cases) and group B(36 cases).Patients in group A were treated with olanzapine in the treatment of, and group B with quetiapine in the treatment, the time of the two groups of patients are 12 weeks, to observe the differences of the two groups during the treatment of swallowing function indexes and clinical efficacy.Results After treatment, the MMSE scores of two groups of patients compared with pre-treatment, there was no statistical significance and BEHAVE-AD score before treatment significantly decreased ( P <0.05 ).Post-treatment, the patients in two groups of MMSE, BEHAVE-AD score difference does not have statistical significance.The difference of clinical efficacy between two groups post-treatment was not statistically significant.Watian drinking water test score of two groups Post-treatment, SaO2 decreased value compared with those pre-treatment significantly increased (P<0.05).After treatment of two groups of patients Watian drinking water test score difference does not have statistical significance, and post-treatment, patients in group B of SaO2 decreased value lower than that in group A ( P <0.05 ).Mild dysphagia, two cases of moderate swallowing dysfunction occurred in twenty-six patients in group A, group B with mild swallowing dysfunction occurred in twenty-one patients, A group of swallowing dysfunction more serious than group B serious ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Olanzapine and quetiapine quetiapine in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease clinical effect quite, patient's swallowing function cause some adverse effects, effects of olanzapine is more serious.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods A total of 50 patients with obstructive sleep apnea were divided into 2 groups: a dexmedetomidine group and a control group. Dexmedetomidine and 0.9% saline solution were given before and during the operation in the dexmedetomidine group and the control group respectively. MMSE scores were estimated at different time, and the concentration of serum S100β and NSE were detected before anesthesia at 3 h, 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after operation. Results One day after surgery, MMES score decreased significantly in both groups,of which MMES was notably higher in the DEX group than that in the control group (P<0.05). In both groups, S100βand NSE levels were significantly higher at T2, T3 and T4 than those at T1, and were the highest at T3 (P<0.05). S100β and NSE levels were significantly lower in the DEX group than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce the incidence of POCD in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Its mechanism may relate to neuroprotection.

Objective:To identify the correlation between the progression rate of motor unit number estimate(MUNE) at diagnosis and survival.Methods:We included 129 patents with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) enrolled in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2005.We recorded clinical features,ALS functional rating scale(ALSFRS),forced vital capacity(FVC) and electrophysiological data at diagnosis.The patients were monitored every 3 months from visit to death or tracheotomy.Results:Mean age at onset was(52.19?11.00) years.The median survival time from symptom onset was 45.71 months(95% CI = 35 to 51).In univariate analysis of Kaplan-Meier method,outcome was significantly related to progression rate of MUNE(P

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of quercetin and kaempferol inKaempferia galanga L..Methods ODS2 C18 (5μm, 4.6 mm×150 mm) was used as chromatographic column; methanol-0.4% phosphate (47:53) was the mobile phase; the flow rate was 1 mL/min; column temperature was 30℃; the detection wavelength was 367 nm; the injection volume was 10μL.Results Quercetin showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.016 5–1.65μg (r=0.999 7). The average recovery rate was 96.8%, RSD=2.02%; kaempferol showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.014 6–1.46μg (r=0.999 5). The average recovery rate was 97.3%, RSD=1.77%.Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, and with good reproducibility, which can be used for content determination of quercetin and kaempferol inKaempferia galanga L..