Objective To investigate the progression rate and prognosis of spinal decompression surgery after the onset of symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).Methods A total of 329consecutive patients with deftnite or probable ALS were enrolled in the study.The patients were recorded with clinical features,history of spinal surgery,etc. Some of the patients were monitored every 3 months from visit to death or tracheostomy.Results Of 329 typical sporadic ALS,we found cervical spondylosis in 156(47.4%)patients,among whom 19(5.8%)underwent decompressive spinal surgery.No differences were noted regarding age at symptom onset,Sex and ALSFRS-R at time of diagnosis between ALS patients who underwent spinal surgery and other ALS patients.But the time from symptom onset to diagnosis was significantly longer in patients with spinal surgery((23.0±6.5)months vs(13.7±7.9)months,t=4.800,P=0.000).In the folow-up study,there were no differences in the rate of disease progression and survival between 2 groups.Conclusions All patients have inevitably progressed after spinal surgery.Although the surgery does not obviously fasten disease progression rate and shorten survival,it prolongs the time from disease onset to diagnosis,therefore should be handled with caution in patients with concurrent ALS and cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective To identify the factors related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) prognosis in a retrospective study.Methods One hundred and six patients were evaluated with ALS enrolled in our hospital from January 1994 to December 2004.The patients were monitored with a standard evaluation form,which recorded clinical features,function rating scale (FRS) and forced vital capacity (FVC) every 3 or 6 months from visit to death or having tracheostomy.Results Mean age at onset was (52.1±10.5) years.According to revised El Escorial diagnostic criteria (EEDC),52 patients had definite ALS,37 probable ALS,17 possible ALS.The median survival time from symptom onset was 35 months (95% CI 30-40 months).In the univariate analysis,survival was significantly related to lesion site,lag time from onset to diagnosis and predicted FVC at diagnosis (Log rank 6.84,43.30,4.78,all P < 0.05).In the Cox multivariate model,lag time from onset to diagnosis was significantly related to survival (Wald 20.221,hazard ratio 0.351,P<0.05).Age,sex,EEDC classification,FRS at diagnosis were not related to survival.Conclusion Lag time from onset to diagnosis is a strong predictor of survival,which suggests that progression rate is highly related to survival and further study is needed.

Objective To identify the gene mutation of Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) pedigrees and investigate the association of gene mutation to the clinical manifestations and electrophysiology,and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 105 pedigrees with CMT in our hospital were enrolled from January,2007 to December 2013.The clinical features,CMT neuropathy score (CMTNS) and electrophysiological data were collected.Gene mutations were analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Sanger gene sequencing.Results We found 31 (29.5％) PMP22 duplication pedigrees,8 (7.6％) GJB1 mutation pedigrees,4 (3.8％) MFN2 mutation pedigrees,4 (3.8％) HSPB1 mutation pedigrees,3 (2.9％) MPZ mutation pedigrees and 1 (1.0％) PMP22 mutation pedigree.In Chinese Han population,the proportion of PMP22 duplication was relatively lower than that in western countries and manifested with classical clinical characteristics of CMT.Subjects with axonal CMT often presented with isolated lower extremity injury and with central nervous system involvement.Hereditary motor neuropathy might be underestimated in clinical setting and should be differentiated from motor neuron disease.Conclusions The gene frequency distribution in patients with CMT in Chinese Han population is different from that in patients from western countries.We should establish our own epidemiological data of CMT in Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND:To optimize the oral implant design in the abutment angle has an important effect on bone resorption, and meanwhile, the high bite force from patients is also crucial to rebuild bone absorption.
OBJECTIVE:To optimize the model design of the maxilary anterior teeth using Ansys Workbench 13.0 software and to investigate the stress size on the cortical and cancelous bone from different angled abutments and different loads of the central incisor.
METHODS:A three-dimensional finite element model of the V-shaped cylindrical threaded implants in the maxilary bone. Abutment angle was set as 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, and the load stress was set as 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210 N. Occlusion of the central incisor was simulated on the implants, and then, buccolingual mechanical loads were loaded on the center of prostheses to observe the effects of different abutment angles and loads on the Von Mises peak stress of the maxila and mandible.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the influence of a single factor, when the abutment angles acted as variables, the Von Mises peak stress of the cortical and cancelous bone was respectively increased by 60.60% and 69.30% under labial or palatal loads; when the loading stress acted as variables, the Von Mises peak stress of the cortical and cancelous bone was increased by 68.74% and 69.30% under buccolingual loads. When the loading stress was less than 150 N and the abutment angle was less than 25°, the slop of tangent for the mandible Von Mises stress response curve was-1 to 0. It seems from the mechanical analysis that the stress of cancelous bone is more susceptible to abutment angle and load stress; the optimal abutment of screwed implant should be designed to an angle less than 25° and an bite force less than 150 N.

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) combined with interferon α-2b in treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Methods During Jan 2008 to Dec 2014,ninety patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided into adefovir dipivoxil group (33 cases),interferon group (28 cases),and adefovir dipivoxil combined with interferon α-2b group (29 cases).Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate,negative rate of HBV-DNA,and HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion rates were evaluated among three groups.Results After 48 weeks of treatment,HBeAg negative rate,HBV-DNA negative rate,and ALT normalization rate of combination group were significantly higher than that of interferons αt-2b group and adefovir dipivoxil group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adefovir dipivoxil combined with interferon α-2b treatment can inhibit the hepatitis B virus,increase the negative rate of HBV-DNA and HBeAg,and reduce liver cell damage.

Objective To explore the effects of surface functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) on the cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC).Methods Five different types of MWCNTs (hydroxylated,carboxylated,aminated,nickel-plated and pristine MWCNTs (P-MWCNTs)) with the same diameter and length were evaluated the dispersion and characterizations in physiological salt solution by transmission electron microscopy.PBMC were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from human peripheral blood,and 5 types of MWCNTs were ultrasonically dispersed in serum-containing medium respectively.After incubation with PBMC for 12,24,48 or 72 h,cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 kits.Results All the MWCNTs had well dispersion,especially the F-MWCNTs.Cytotoxicity results showed that all types of MWCNTs could induced PBMC death,and presented dose-dependence manner and a certain degree of time-dependence manner.Compared with the P-MWCNTs,F-MWCNTs changed cytotoxicity statistically,with the hydroxylated,carboxylated,aminated MWCNTs weakened,aminated MWCNTs significant (P＜0.05),nevertheless the nickel-plated MWCNTs increased.Compared with the P-MWCNTs (25 μg/ml),cell viability of PBMC after 24 and 48 h incubation with the same dose of nickelplated MWCNTs both decreased,and the differences was statistically significant (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusions The functional group modification affects not only the MWCNTs dispersion in medium,but also the cytotoxicity of the MWCNTs on PBMC.

Objective:To study the percutaneous permeability of quercetin in Ginkgo Biloba extract in vitro. Methods: Ginkgo Biloba extract was dissolved in 50% ethanol. The percutaneous permeability experiment through mouse skin was conducted using a modified Franz diffusion cell. The penetration amount of quercetin was determined by HPLC. Results:The percutaneous permeability of quercetin in the solution was approximately characterized by zero-order kinetics. Conclusion:Quercetin in Ginkgo Biloba extract can be absorbed through skin.

0.05). However, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude in ims injected group wa s si gnificantly higher as compared with the other two groups[ims injected group (12.50?2.06) mV, iv group (1.50?0.20) mV, control group (10.13?4.04) mV, F=6.347, P=0.033]. The MSC s were able to be observed only in ims injected tissues 3 weeks after implantati on (A large number of small undifferentiated cells were found outside the myofib ers and some were found between the cells.) The atrophy of gastrocnemius in ims injected group was much less severe than that of the other 2 groups. The diameter of muscle fibers was significantly longer on d60 (F=4.537,P=0.021).Conclusion:Intra- muscular injection of MSC was well distributed in denervated muscle, which provides a newway of nerve regeneration in the rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Objective:To identify the correlation between the progression rate of motor unit number estimate(MUNE) at diagnosis and survival.Methods:We included 129 patents with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) enrolled in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2005.We recorded clinical features,ALS functional rating scale(ALSFRS),forced vital capacity(FVC) and electrophysiological data at diagnosis.The patients were monitored every 3 months from visit to death or tracheotomy.Results:Mean age at onset was(52.19?11.00) years.The median survival time from symptom onset was 45.71 months(95% CI = 35 to 51).In univariate analysis of Kaplan-Meier method,outcome was significantly related to progression rate of MUNE(P

Objective:To explore a new method to identify Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants by ITS2 regions. Methods:Eight samples of Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants were collected with five species, and 6 species with 23 ITS2 sequence of Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants were downloaded from Genbank. The intraspecific and interspecific K2P distances of Spar-ganium stoloniferum and its adulterants were calculated by MEGA5. 0, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 5. 0. Re-sults:The maximum intraspecific K2P distance of Sparganium stoloniferum was 0. 038,while the minimum interspecific K2P distance was 0. 697. The phylogenetic tree showed that Plantago asiatica was different obviously from its adulterants. The different samples of Sparganium stoloniferum were gathered together and could be distinguished from its adulterants by the NJ tree. Conclusion: ITS2 se-quence is able to identify Sparganium stoloniferum and its adulterants correctly, which provides a new method for the identification of Sparganium stoloniferum.