With the development of biomimetic technology, more and more in vitro models are used to simulate human physiological and pathological processes.These in vitro models can solve some scientific problems, such as studying drug effects in real-timely and visually.As an in vitro model, organ-on-a-chip provides novel means and methods for basic and applied science.The vascularized organ-on-a-chip, as a special kind of organ-on-a-chip, can better simulate the structure and function of human blood vessels.In this review, we summarized the structure and function of different vascularized organ-on-a-chip, analyzed the application of vascularized organ-on-a-chip in simulating physiological and pathological processes, and discussed the advantages and problems to be solved of vascularized organ-on-a-chip as a new in vitro model.Finally, the application of vascularized organ-on-a-chip is proposed.

Objective:The article aims to explore the positive promoting effect of the construction of a medical university’s incubation platform on the Industry-University-Institute cooperation and biomedical scientific and technological achievements transformation.Methods:Through literature review, the article studied the existing mode of Industry-University-Institute cooperation in universities, analyzed the main bottlenecks, and summarized the practical exploration experience of ″Shanghai Pharmaceuticals-SJTUSM Innovative Achievements″ incubation platform.Results:The incubation platform effectively promoted the process and system construction of the scientific and technological achievements transformation in the university, and improved the project mining level and platform support function.Conclusions:The practical exploration of the incubation platform lays a foundation for the construction of the biomedical industrial park. Through the in-depth construction of the " Government-Industry-University-Institute-Investment-Inventor" development chain, the platform can help to promote strategic innovation and industrialization of achievements, making the " first-in-class" medicine in China.

Objective To compare the effects and explore mechanism of acupoints on various meridians or nerve segments in treating different symptoms in one disease.Methods Neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, model group, ST36 group, and LI14 group (n=10-12 in each group).IBS model was established by administering acetic acid enema combining colorectal distension (CRD) test to rats in all groups except the normal control group.These rats were all isolated from their mothers.2-month old rats in the ST36 group and LI14 group received electro-acupuncture five times, once every two days for 20 minutes.Stool consistency was evaluated according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and visceral sensitivity was observed based on abdominal withdraw reflection (AWR).Levels of TRPV1 and 5-HT2AR in rat colon tissues were measured with immunohistochemical method.Results Before electro-acupuncture stimulation, BSFS score of rats in all groups increased significantly (P<0.01) compared with the normal control group;after electro-acupuncture, BSFS score of the model group (P<0.01) and LI14 group (P<0.05) were increased;threshold value of intestinal pressure of model group and ST36 group decreased (P<0.01), and the contraction waves increased significantly (P<0.01).Positive TRPV1 expression increased (P<0.01);and TRPV1 expression in LI14 group increased (P<0.05).The level of 5-HT2AR in the model group and LI14 group were raised markedly (P<0.01).Compared with the model group, BSFS score of the EA groups decreased significantly (P<0.01);threshold value of intestinal pressure increased (P<0.01);contraction wave decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the expression of TRPV1 and 5-HT2AR reduced significantly (P<0.01).Compared with the ST36 group, BSFS score of the LI14 group increased significantly (P<0.05);expression of TRPV1 reduced (P<0.01), and the level of 5-HT2AR increased significantly (P<0.01).Conclusion Stimulating LI4 and ST36 with electro-acupuncture could reduce the visceral sensitivity and the gastrointestinal motility disorder in IBS model rat.LI4 has a better effect of treating gastrointestinal motility disorder, and ST36 has a better effect of relieving visceral pain.This study illustrates the existence of therapeutic specificity of acupoints, which means acupoints on different meridians or ganglions can be used to treat the same disease yet with different effects.

Objective Infrared thermal imaging can be applied to the diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of some diseases . The aim of this study is to explore acupuncture-induced changes in skin temperature in acupoint areas and whether skin temperature in -creases or decreases in the acupoint areas along meridians . Methods Thirty two female SD rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups:saline control,cold congealing and dysmenorrhea model , Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Guanyuan( CV4).Models were es-tablished in the latter three groups by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate at 0.5 mg for 10 successive days and , 1hour after the last administration , intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin at 2 U, followed by exposure of the rats to-25℃in a freezer 4 hours a day for 5 days.Meanwhile , the control rats received normal saline only and were not exposed to low temperature .Infrared thermal imaging was used to measure the skin temperature at the acupoint areas of SP6, Xuehai (SP10), and CV4 before and at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after needling . R esults At 0 to 5 min after nee-dling, the skin temperature of the left SP6 and right SP10 was signifi-cantly decreased in both the SP6 and CV4 groups ( [ -0. 56 ± 0.22]℃and [-0.48 ±0.11]℃, P<0.01), and so was that of the right SP10 ([ -0.64 ±0.21]℃ and [ -0.45 ±0.13]℃, P<0.05).At 5 to 10min, the skin temperature of the right SP6 and SP10 was markedly increased in the SP6 group ([-0.49 ±0.35]℃and [-0 .18 ±0.20]℃, P<0.01), and so was that of the right SP6 in the SP6 group at 20 to 30 min ([ -0.14 ±0.25]℃) as compared with the model and CV4 groups (P<0.01).At 30 to 40 min, the skin temperature of the right SP10 was remarkably elevat-ed in the SP6 group ([ -0.03 ±0.11]℃) in comparison with the model group (P<0.01).No significant differences were observed in the skin temperature of the left SP10 and CV4 at different time points among the four groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The skin temperature of SP6 and SP10 can be regulated by needling both the acupoints of SP 6 and CV4.The increase in the skin temperature of the right SP6 and SP10 in the SP6 group and no change in the CV 4 group indicated dynamic temperature changes in the acupoint area along the meridian after needling.

Objective To explore the effect of different acupuncture stimuli on uterine micro-circulation of dysmenorrheal rats with cold stagnation syndrome. Methods Totally 32 three-month old female SD rats in diestrus were randomly divided into saline control group, model group, A stimuli group, and B stimuli group, 8 rats in each group. Model group and treatment groups were given whole body freezing combined with estradiol benzoate injection method to establish models. A stimuli group was given deep puncture with manipulation, while B stimuli group was treated by shallow puncture without manipulation. Diameter of uterine capillary,micro-vessel, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1αlevels were observed in each group. Results Compared with the saline group, capillary diameter in model group was significantly reduced at 5, 10, 20, 30 min time point (P<0.01);micro-vascular diameter was significantly reduced at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 min time point (P<0.01);plasma 6-keto-PGF1α levels decreased (P<0.01);TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αincreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with model group, capillary diameter in A stimuli group enlarged at 5, 10, 20, 30 min time point (P<0.05), micro-vascular diameter dilated at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 min time point (P <0.01), plasma 6-keto-PGF1α level increased (P <0.05), TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αdecreased significantly (P<0.05);micro-vascular diameter in B stimuli group dilated at 20, 30 min time point (P<0.05), plasma TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with B stimuli group, capillary diameter in A stimuli group dilated at 5, 10, 20, 30 min time point (P<0.05) and micro-vascular diameter dilated at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 min time point significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Dysmenorrheal rats with cold stagnation syndrome show obvious disorder of the uterus micro-circulation and circulation related substances. Both A and B acupuncture stimuli improved uterus micro-circulation of dysmenorrheal rats with cold stagnation syndrome, and its mechanism may be related to the recovery the balance between TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α.

Objective To observe the analgesic effect of acupuncture at Guanyuan (CV4) and its effect on vasomotor substances in rats with dysmenorrhea due to coagulated cold syndrome. Method The coagulated-cold dysmenorrhea rat model was developed by Estrodiol benzoate and Oxytocin injectin plus physical freezing. The writhing response (writhing latency, writhing frequency, and writhing score) was observed, and the contents of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1a were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result Compared with the saline water group, the writhing latency was significantly shortened, the writhing frequency was significantly increased, and the writhing score was more significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01);compared with the model group, the writhing latency was significantly prolonged, the writhing frequency was decreased, and the writhing score was significantly lower in the acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with saline water group, the content of plasma 6-keto-PGF1a was significantly lower (P<0.05) and the content of plasma TXB2 showed an increasing tendency (P>0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the content of plasma 6-keto-PGF1a showed an increasing tendency (P>0.05) and the content of plasma TXB2 showed a decreasing tendency (P>0.05) in the acupuncture group. Conclusion The vasomotor substances are obviously disordered in the blood of cold-coagulated dysmenorrhea rat models. Acupuncture at Guanyuan can improve the writhing response and release pain, and meanwhile positively regulate the vasomotor substances such as TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1a. The vasomotor substances are plausibly one of the major substances in the action of acupuncture in preventing and treating dysmenorrhea.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) with replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1) gene mutation to improve the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case of CANVAS diagnosed in the Peking University Third Hospital in January 2021 was reported. Detailed genetic analyses of ataxia were performed with DNA extracted from the peripheral blood of the patient. Studies including pathogenic variants of RFC1 gene causing CANVAS were reviewed and the clinical and genetic characteristics of the disease were summarized.Results:The patient was a 51-year-old female with the prominent manifestation of progressive walking instability. And the clinical data met the diagnostic criteria of CANVAS. The genetic tests excluded other hereditary ataxia mutations and identified the biallelic expansion of the pathogenic variant structure (AAGGG)exp repeat amplification in RFC1 gene. A total of 14 studies on CANVAS with RFC1 gene mutation were reviewed. The overall mutation rate of RFC1 gene in CANVAS was 68%-100%, and it varied in sporadic and familial CANVAS. And the mutation had ethnic differences.Conclusions:Among adult patients with late-onset ataxia, the combination of brain magnetic resonance imaging, electrophysiology tests and vestibular function examination is beneficial to the identification of CANVAS. And the genetic test of RFC1 gene has significant value in the diagnosis of this disease. This patient with CANVAS expands the disease spectrum of ataxia in China, and confirms that RFC1 gene mutation is of great significance in the screening of ataxia disorders in the Chinese population.

Objective To observe and compare the effects of LI 4 and ST 36 electroacupuncture on co-lonic motility and positive expression of M3 receptor in colon of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) model rats, and to explore the mechanism behind those differences. Methods 40 neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, LI 4 group, and ST 36 group. IBS rat model was built by using neonatal maternal separation and acetic acid enema, and colorectal distension ( CRD) stimulation in rats except the blank control group. At 9 weeks rats in LI 4 group and ST 36 group were given electroacupuncture( EA ) intervention once every other day for 5 times. Blank group and model group didn' t receive acupuncture intervention. After the treatment, Bristol Stool Scale was applied to i-dentify the feces types of the IBS rats before and after electroacupuncture invention;Abdominal withdraw-al reflex ( AWR) was evaluated to asess the intestinal sensitivities and smooth muscle contraction intensi-ty;and latency, contraction wave and pressure value of initial wave were observed;The expression of M3 receptor was measured using immunohistochemistry. Results Bristol scores of LI 4 group and ST 36 group significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Compared with blank group, the stool score of model group was significantly increased ( P<0 . 01 );the latency was shortened ( P<0 . 01 ); the number of contrac-tion waves was significantly increased (P<0. 01);the immunohistochemical expression of M3 receptor in the colon was significantly increased (P<0. 01). The immunohistochemical expression of M3 receptor in the colon in LI 4 group was increased (P<0. 01). Compared with model group, after electroacupuncture stimulation, the stool score of LI 4 group and ST 36 group was significantly decreased (P<0. 01); the latency was significantly prolonged ( P <0 . 01 ); the number of contraction wave was significantly de-creased in LI 4 group (P<0. 01) and ST 36 group (P<0. 05);immunohistochemical expression of M3 receptor in the colon was significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Compared with the LI 4 group, the stool score in ST 36 group was decreased ( P<0 . 05 );the pressure value of initial wave significantly decreased (P <0. 01); the immunohistochemical expression of M3 receptor in the colon was decreased ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion Stimulating LI 4 or ST 36 with electroacupuncturing could both inhibit gastrointesti-nal tract contraction, reduce intestinal sensitivity and relieve IBS symptoms in rats. LI 4 appears to be more effective than ST 36 in relieving abdominal pain, while ST 36 is better than LI 4 to stop diarrhea. Stimulating different acupoints or acupoints on different nerve segments with electro-acupuncture have specific effects on IBS rats.

The clinical and imaging manifestations of the dural arteriovenous fistula(DAVF)located in the great cerebral vein area with progressive bilateral thalamic edema lack specificity and are easily confused with a variety of diseases.The authors reported a case presented with psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities,followed by bilateral thalamic lesions.Initially,the diagnosis was considered as a glioma of the thalamus,encephalitis and straight sinus thrombosis,but the clinical and imaging findings progressively worsened.Through multi-modal imaging examinations,a DAVF in the great cerebral vein territory was finally diagnosed.By reporting the case and reviewing the literature,this paper aimed to explore the clinical manifestations and imaging features of the disease to reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at guānyuán (CV4)on the skin temperature of bilateral sānyīnjīao (SP6)of dysmenorrhea rats with coagulation cold pattern,and to explore the po-tential mechanism related to TXB2 /6-keto-PGF1a .Methods Rats were randomly divided into saline con-trol group,dysmenorrhea rats with coagulation cold pattern group (model group)and needling at CV4 group (acupuncture group).The dysmenorrhea rat model with coagulation cold model was induced by whole body freezing combined with injection of estradiol benzoate and oxytocin.The infrared thermal ima-ging technology was used to detect the skin temperature at bilateral SP6 at the time point of 0,5,10, 20,30,40,50,60 minutes.Meanwhile,the serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2 )and 6-keto-prostaglan-din1a (6-keto-PGF1a )were measured by using ELISA.Results The skin temperature of left or right SP6 in saline control group showed balance at baseline and each time point (P >0.05).The model rats’ skin temperature of left or right SP6 was out of balance at the time points from 5 to 60 minutes (P <0.05 or P <0.01).After the treatment of acupuncture at CV4,the temperatures began to achieve balance be-tween left and right SP6 from the time point of 40 minute (P >0.05).Compared with the saline control group,the serum TXB2 /6-keto-PGF1a in model group significantly increased (P <0.05),and after nee-dling at CV4,the serum TXB2 /6-keto-PGF1a significantly decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion The sig-nificant effect of needling at CV4 against the imbalance of bilateral skin temperature of SP6 of dysmenor-rhea rats with coagulation cold pattern would appear 10 to 40 minutes after needling.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of imbalance of vasomotor substances TXB2 /6-keto-PGF1a .