Aim To study the anticonvulsive and antiepileptic mechanism of ?-asarone.Methods ?-asarone was intraperitoneally injected (ip) in mice and acute epileptic mouse models were made after 30 min.Change of ATPase,index of antioxidation,and variation of amino acid (AA) contents in brain of epileptic mice were used to investigate ?-asarone′s anticonvulsive and antiepileptic mechanism.Results For ?-asarone treated epileptic mice,when compared with model group,glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (Glu/GABA) was greatly decreased (P

BACKGROUND:Our previous study has already manifested that Chinese medicine Xiaokening can effectively prevent and treat the early diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of rhein and archen on the apoptosis of mesangial cells of rats cultured with high glucose. METHODS:Mesangial cells were stimulated by different concentrations of rhein and archen (20, 40 and 80 μmol/L). Morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Karyon apoptosis was examined by fluorescence staining of DAPI. cellapoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The outcome of hematoxylin-eosin staining and DAPI staining indicated that the effect of rhein was much stronger than that of archen on the apoptosis of mesangial cells in the rats cultured with high glucose. Comparison of the apoptosis rate also indicated that the rhein had a stronger effect on the earlier and the later stage apoptotic rate of mesangial cells than archen. Both rhein and archen with different concentrations can induce apoptosis of mesangial cells, but the effect of rhein is much stronger.

At present,corresponding cell-free parasite DNA molecules (CFPD) has been detected in serum,plasma,urine,saliva and other bodily fluids of a variety of the patients with parasitic diseases.Due to its high specificity and sensitivity,the CFPD shows a strong advantage of noninvasive diagnosis and continuous monitoring,etc.in parasitic diseases.This article namely reviews the current research of CFPD in the patients with parasitic disease at home and abroad in recent years,so as to provide new ideas for the development direction of parasitic disease diagnosis in the future.The current related problems are discussed in the mean time.

Objective This study investigates the relationship of serum irfflammatory cytokine levels with intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) after surgery.Methods A total of 32 cases with severe TBI and placement of ICP monitor were prospectively enrolled.Serum was collected before surgery and every 12 h after surgery.Cytokines levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed and compared with outcome of patients.Hourly values of ICP were recorded.The degree of ICP above treatment threshold (20 mm Hg) were calculated every 12 h as pressure times time dose(PTD-ICP20),which was compared with serum cytokine levels before (Pre) and after (Post) the 12-hour time period using linear regression method.Results Serum IL-1β (P＜0.05),IL-8 (P＜0.01) and TNF-a (P＜0.01) levels elevated dramatically after severe TBI and were significantly associated with outcome of patients.Mean PTD-ICP20 was (42.9 ± 60.2)mm Hg/h and was correlated with increased Pre-IL-8 (r=0.554,P＜0.001),Pre-TNF-α (r=0.597,P＜0.001),Post-IL-8 (r=0.629,P＜0.001) and Post-TNF-α (r=0.538,P＜0.001) levels.Conclusion Serum IL-8 and TNF-α demonstrated the most promising candidate bio.rnarkers of impending ICP elevation in this study.These findings indicate a feasible way of monitoring patients with severe TBI.

Objective Sodium-bile acid cotransporter plays an important role in the development of Echinococcus.The present study aimed to clone sodium bile acid cotransporter gene in Echinococcus multilocularis (EmSBACT5) and to analyze the bioinformatics of its coding protein.Methods EmSBACT5 gene was amplified by reverse transcription RCR (RT-PCR) technology and its nucleotide sequence was sequenced.Bioinformatics softwares were used to predict and analyze the physical and chemical properties, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, transmembrane domain, post-translational modification sites, structural domain, secondary structure, tertiary structure, subcellular localization and biological functions of the coding protein.Results The complete open reading frame was amplified with 654 bp in length, encoding 217 amino acids.The homology of the nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence of EmSBACT5 gene were 98% and 96% with the published SBACT5 in Echinococcus granulosus (EgSBACT5) respectively.Protein analysis results showed that the molecular formula of EmSBACT5 protein was C1141H1797N273O284S11.Its relative molecular mass was 24240 and isoelectric point was 8.99.There were 9 post-translational modification sites and 4 typical domains.Alpha helical, β-sheet, β-turn and random coil accounted for 29.95%, 31.80%, 7.83% and 30.41%, respectively.This protein was a hydrophobic membrane protein and was mainly located in the cytoplasmic membrane, and it might play a role in the processes of material transport and signal transmission.Conclusion The EmSBACT5 gene was cloned successfully and the informatics characteristics of its coding protein were obtained, which provides basic information for prevention and control of echinococcosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of As_2O_3 on normal mouse bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Methods BMSCs and colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) were cultured in vitro to observe the quantitative changes of colony-forming unit-fibroblast(CFU-F) and CFU-GM after BMSCs were treated with different concentrations of As_2O_3 respectively;the quantitative changes of CFU-GM supported by BMSCs and granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) and IL-11 secreted by BMSCs were also observed after the progenitor cells supported by BMSCs were treated with As_2O_3 for 3,5 and 7 d,respectively.Results The productions of CFU-F and CFU-GM supported by BMSCs were decreased obviously when treated with 7 ?mol?L~(-1) As_2O_3,also the levels of G-CSF and IL-11 secreted by BMSC(P

Objective To screen the optimal dose of Tangtong Formula in vitro. Methods RSC96 Schwann Cells were cultivate by DMEM mediums which contains different concentrations of glucose (5–125 mmol/L). The prevention effects of Tangtong Formula at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/mL) on the proliferation of RSC96 Schwann Cells induced by high glucose were detected. After the RSC96 Schwann Cells were cultivated in 100 mmol/L and 125 mmol/L high glucose mediums for 72 h, the apoptosis of RSC96 Schwann Cells was detected by flow cytometry Annexin V/PI, and the apoptosis rate was calculate; the proliferation situation of RSC96 Schwann cells in different times was detected by CCK-8 method. Results RSC96 Schwann cells were in apoptosis after being intervened by 100 mmol/L and 125 mmol/L high glucose mediums. The apoptosis rates were respectively(7.46±0.96)％ and(16.53±1.01)％, with statistical significance compared with control group (P<0.01). Different concentrations of Tangtong Formula could alleviate the inhibitory effect of high glucose on the proliferation of RSC96 Schwann cells, and the threshold concentration of Tangtong Formula in 24 h was 0.25 mg/mL. The concentrations of Tangtong Formula in 0.5 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL, and 1.5 mg/mL could inhibit the apoptosis of RSC96 Schwann cells induced by high glucos, compared with 125 mmol/L high glucose group, the apoptosis rate of RSC96 Schwann cells decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Among three different doses, when the dose of Tangtong Formula is in 1.5 mg/mL, the effects on inhibiting apoptosis are the best.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in the pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods Database including PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Academic Degree Dissertation Database and Conference Database were searched with malignant obstructive jaundice,pancreaticoduodenectomy,preoperative biliary drainage,comparative study.Literatures about the randomized controlled trials of PBD (PBD group) and efficacy of early surgery (ES group) in the pancreaticoduodenectomy were retrieved from January 2001 to December 2013,and then a Meta analysis was carried out based on the data.The count data were analyzed using the odds ratio (OR),relative risk (RR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI),and the measurement data were analyzed using mean difference (MD) and 95％ CI.The heterogeneity of the data was analyzed using the I2 test.Data were integrated by fixed or random effect model.Results Twelve literatures including 1 982 patients were selected.There were 1 029 patients in the PBD group and 953 in the ES group.The results of Meta analysis showed that the operation time,volume of blood loss and rate of postoperative wound infection in the PBD group were significantly different from those in the ES group (MD =10.50,107.92,95％ CI:6.34-14.66,16.43-199.42;RR =1.62,95％CI:1.19-2.21,P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the postoperative mortality,incidence of pancreatic fistula,incidence of bile leakage,incidence of delayed gastric emptying and duration of hospital stay between the 2 groups (RR=0.69,95％CI:0.52-0.92;OR =0.68,1.35,95％CI:0.38-1.21,0.93-1.95;MD =0.69,95％CI:-0.67-2.05;RR =0.00,95％ CI:-0.02-0.01,P ＞0.05).Conclusion PBD in the pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant obstructive jaundice cannot reduce postoperative mortality and incidence of complications in patients,and should not be used as the conventional management in the perioperative period.

Objective To establish the cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation model in rats, and to observe the effect of mild hypothermia on autophagy in hippocampal CA1 neurons after ROSC.Methods A total of 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal temperature treatment group(NT group) and mild hypothermia treatment group(HT group).To establish the cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CA-CPR) model in rats by epicardial electrical stimulation induced ventricular fibrillation, and to sacrifice 3 animals in each group to obtain the brain cortex in 2nd and 4th hours after ROSC in order to observe the expression of p-AMPK by electron microscope and LC3 granules through Western blot.The neurological deficit score(NDS) was assessed in 24、48、72 hours respectively after ROSC.To sacrifice the animals so as to take the cerebrum in 72 hours after ROSC, then calculate the apoptotic index of the hippocampal CA1 neurons, which were dyed through TUNEL method.Results The expression of p-AMPK、Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰratio in Normothermia group were all lower than the Mild hypothermia group(P<0.05), the neurons plasma of hippocampal CA1 area in the Hypothermia group demonstrated obvious LC3 granules formation, the NDS score of the Normothermia group and the Mild hypothermia group in ROSC24h、ROSC48h、ROSC72h were 320vs205、285vs140、266vs120, respectively.The apoptotic index of the hippocampal CA1 area in the Normothemia group in ROSC72h was higher than the Mild hypothermia group,(P<0.05).Conclusions Mild hypothermia after cardiopulmonary resuscitation promotes autophagy of the hippocampal CA1 area neurons in rats and reduce neuronal apoptosis.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( iPSC-MSCs) on cobalt chloride ( CoCl2 )-induced injuries of PC12 cells and its possible mechanism.METHODS:PC12 cells were exposed to CoCl2 to set up a chemical-induced cellular injury model and were cocultured with iPSC-MSCs.The cell viability was tested by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining.The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analyzed by flow cytometry using JC-1 staining.Immunofluorescence was employed to observe mitochondrial transfer from iPSC-MSCs to PC12 cells.RESULTS: Apoptosis of PC12 cells was in-creased and MMP of PC12 cells was decreased after exposed to CoCl2 at concentration of 400μmol/L for 24 h.Coculture of PC12 cells with iPSC-MSCs reduced the apoptosis and recovered the MMP of the PC12 cells.Tunneling nanotubes were formed between iPSC-MSCs and PC12 cells, through which the iPSC-MSCs transferred the mitochondria to the PC12 cells. CONCLUSION:iPSC-MSCs protect PC12 cells from CoCl2-induced injuries, which may be associated with the mitochon-drial transfer from iPSC-MSCs to PC12 cells.