AIM: To study the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation in high glucose-induced collagen Ⅲ synthesis in NRK52E cells. METHODS: Normal rat tubular epithelial cell line NRK52E was cultured in D-glucose of different concentrations, pretreated with SB203580 and collected at different time points. The levels of phospho-p38MAPK and extracellular matrix collagen Ⅲ were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The activation of p38MAPK was shown to be dependent upon D-glucose concentration and the time-course. Pretreatment with SB203580 blocked p38MAPK activation induced by high concentration of D-glucose in NRK52E cells. CONCLUSIONS: The activation of p38MAPK induced by high concentration of glucose may play a role in diabetic interstital renal fibrosis. SB203580 has a potential value of clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) and to observe the effect of Ulinastain in inhibition of inflammatory mediator.Methods Forty patients surviving more than 48 hours after CPR were divided into Ulinastain and control groups randomly. Activity of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B), IL-6,TNF-? of the patients was detected .All patients were evaluated by SIRS diagnosis standard and their general organ function was examined. All data were compared between two groups.Results Activities of NF-?B, IL-6,TNF-? of patients after CPR was significantly higher than that of normal people (P

Objective To explore the relationships between the expression of PECAM-1 and the degree of ALI in Paraquat induced lung injury model of rabbits. Method Thirty six adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: 8 mg/kg (Group A), 16 mg/kg (Group B) and 32 mg/kg ( Group C) according to the dose of Paraquat which were infusion into stomach. After poisoned, the animals were monitored for seven days, and then sacrificed. The upper lobe of lung were removed for HE,Masson staining and immunohistochemisty. The ALl score, fibrosis of lung and expression of PECAM-1 were semiquantitative analyzed. Results Each group has 12 animals suffered from poisoning. The survival time of animals in Group C was (6. 47 ± 0. 99 ) days, shorter than (6. 09 + 1.04) days ( P = 0. 031 ) in Group B and (4. 77 + 2. 04) days ( P = 0. 0 07) in Group A. The ALI score were ( 8. 33 ± 1.03) points in Group A, superior to (9. 83 ± 1.17) points ( P = 0. 047 ) in Group B and ( 11.50 + 1.38) points ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) in group C, Group B vs Group C, P=-0.03o The fibrosis degree of lung was (31.09 +2.05)% in Group A,not severe as (34. 37 ±1.62)% (P=0. 002) in Group B and (36. 54 ±0. 44)% (P ＜0. 01 ) in Group C, Group B vs Group C, P = 0. 026. The Pearson correlation analysis showed the expression of PECAM-1 was negative correlated to ALI score (Coe = -0. 732, P =0. 001 ) and fibrosis degree of lung (Coe = -0. 779, P ＜ 0. 001 ) . Conclusions The expressions of PECAM-1 were significantly decreased in New Zealand after Paraquat poisoned, which were dose dependent, correlated to ALI scored and fibrosis degree of lung, so it may play an important role in the development of lung injured induced by Paraquat.

AIM:To observe the characterization in neural cells derived from the hippocampus of embryonic rats and to examine the effect of myelin-associated glycoprotein(MAG) on the proliferation,differentiation and neurite growth of neural stem cells(NSCs).METHODS:The hippocampus cells of embryonic rats were isolated and cultured in vitro.The expressions of nestin and doublecortin,the marks of NSCs,were observed by immunocytochemical method.The rate of proliferating cells was examined by BrdU immunocytochemistry.The average neuronal neurite length and the percentage of differentiated neurons were detected by immunocytochemistry staining.RESULTS:The hippocampus cells of 16 days old embryonic rats had the characteristics of NSCs.The percentage of differentiated neurons(?-tubulin Ⅲ-positive cells) was 18.17%?2.79% and the average neuronal neurite length was(136.27?33.66)?m,seven days after the differentiation initiated in vitro in control group.After NSCs were treated with MAG-Fc(200 ?g/L),the percentage of differentiated neurons and the average neurite length were decreased,respectively,to 10.05%?3.42%(P0.05).CONCLUSION:MAG-Fc inhibits the differentiation and neurite growth of the NSCs,but has no effect on the proliferation.

[Objective] To investigate the inhibitory effect of CTLA-4Ig fusion protein on atherosclerosis in the mice with an apolipoprotein-E gene defect fed on cholesterol diet.[Methods] Twenty-five male 10-week-old ApoE-/- mice were selected and fed on cholesterol diet for 4 weeks,5 out of which were executed at random as control group and their pathological sections were kept to observe the early fatty streaks.The other 20,divided into CTLA-4Ig treatment group,PBS group,IgG1 group,and blank group at random,5 in each.Three groups were given intraperitoneal injection of CTLA-4Ig (10 μg per time),PBS (100 μL per time),Rat-IgG1 (10 μg per time) respectively,twice a week,for 8 weeks.The blank group has no treatment.Followed by 8-week treatment,the whole aorta from the root to crotch of iliac artery was separated after anesthesia with the intraperitoneal injection of 1 % pentobarbital.Subsequently,the area ratio of plaque and lumen,the thickness ratio of endangium and tunica media,the lipid-soaking extent intra-plaque and the content of collagen fibrils and smooth muscle cells intra-plaque were analyzed by image-processing soft.[Results] After fed on cholesterol diet for 4 weeks,there were obviously atherosclerosis in the aorta in the ApoE-/- mice.There were typical atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mice fed on cholesterol diet after another 8 weeks.The area ratios of plaque and lumen in CTLA-4Ig group,PBS group,IgG1 group,and blank group were 0.27 ± 0.08,0.40 ± 0.08,0.43 ± 0.08,and 0.46 ± 0.10,and obviously increased than those in control group (0.05 ± 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).The thickness ratios of endangium and tunica media in four groups were 2.6 ± 0.6,6.0 ± 0.9,5.7 ± 0.8,and 5.9 ± 0.6 and obviously increased than those in control group (0.5 ± 0.1,P ＜ 0.05).The lipid-soaking extent intra-plaque in experimental groups were 26.0 ± 3.0,40.8 ± 5.7,40.6 ± 3.0,and 43.2 ± 5.7,and were obviously increased than those in control group (7.2 ± 1.4,P ＜ 0.05 ).It was found that the area ratio of plaque and lumen,the thickness ratio of endangium and tunica media,and the lipid-soaking extent intra-plaque in CTLA-4Ig group were significantly lower than those in PBS group,IgG1 group,and blank group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in those between the PBS group,IgG1 group,and blank group (P ＞ 0.05).The content of collagen fibrils in CTLA-4Ig group were 16.0 ± 1.1 and higher than those in PBS group,IgG1 group,and blank group (8.6 ± 1.2,9.2 ± 1.5,and 9.0 ± 1.3,P ＜ 0.05).The content of smooth muscle cells in plaque in CTLA-4Ig group were 11.8 ± 1.0 and higher than those in PBS group,IgG1 group,and blank group (7.8 ± 0.8,7.5 ± 0.9,and 7.3 ± 0.7,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in content of collagen fibrils and smooth muscle cells between the PBS group,IgG1 group,and blank group (all P ＞ 0.05).[Conclusion] CTLA-4Ig fusion protein could evidently inhibit the atherosclerosis progression and enhance the stability of plaque through increasing the content of collagen fibrils produced by smooth muscle cells intra-plaque in ApoE-/- mice fed on cholesterol diet.

Objective To determine the levels of soluble thrombomodulin(sTM) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), and evaluate sTM clinical significance.Methods The sTM levels were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in PE patients, and compared with healthy control group. Eighteen PE patients were divided into massive PE group and non - massive PE group, non - respiratory failure group and respiratory failure group, and compared the sTM level in the groups. Results Level of sTM in PE patients was higher than that of control group (P

Aim To explore the best way of calculating antihypertensive effect of nifedipine GITS on trough to peak ratio (T/PR), and smoothness index (SI) of the drug from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Methods 32 cases of mild to moderate essential hypertension patients were enrolled and each was given 30 mg of nifedipine GITS once daily. ABPM was repeated for four weeks. ABPM data were analyzed statistically and T/PR calculated by both individual and whole group way. Results The casual blood pressure(CBP) and ABP were lowered by (24?12)/(12?8) mmHg and ( 14.5 ? 3.9 )/( 11.2 ? 3.0) mmHg .The T/PR by individual way was 0.65 ? 0.23 for SBP and 0.66 ? 0.25 for DBP, while by whole group way 0.62 for SBP and 0.68 for DBP. The smoothness index (SI), a new method for assessing the homogeneity of 24 hour blood pressure reduction by antihypertensive therapy, was 3.74 for SBP and 3.77 for DBP after treatment. Conclusion Nifedipine GITS lowers blood pressure effectively and smoothly for 24 hours long. Antihypertensive effects can be reflected by T/PR and SI.

Objective To explore the effects of estrogen on oxidative stress of the lung tissue induced by acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Methods Thirty-two male adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into model group and estrogen intervention group, 16 rabbits in each group. The model of lung injury induced by PQ poisoning was reproduced by feeding 16 mg/kg of 20% PQ through gastric tube. The rabbits in estrogen intervention group received intravenous infusion of 5 mg/kg estrogen after PQ challenge for 7 days, and the rabbits in model group received an equal volume of normal saline. Three rabbits in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3 days respectively after exposure. The lung tissue was harvested, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by thiobarbituric acid (TBA), the mRNA expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) content in mitochondrion was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes in lung were observed under light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the lung injury was evaluated with lung injury score. Results The contents of ROS and MDA in lung within 3 days after PQ poisoning were gradually increased, and MnSOD mRNA expression and ATP content were gradually decreased. Estrogen intervention could significantly reduce the production of ROS and MDA after PQ poisoning [3-day ROS (fluorescence intensity): 161.05±30.04 vs. 188.30±31.80, 3-day MDA (mmol/L): 98.71±0.92 vs. 122.12±1.24], up-regulate MnSOD mRNA expression (integral A value: 3.05±0.90 vs. 1.22±0.24), and increase ATP content in mitochondrion (ng/L: 3.75±0.92 vs. 2.28±0.29) with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.01). In lung tissue after PQ poisoning, congestion, edema, focal pulmonary consolidation, pulmonary interstitial and alveolar space were infiltrated by a large number of neutrophil, alveolar interval were thickened obviously and the above phenomenon were most serious at 3 days after poisoning as shown under optical microscope. Estrogen intervention could significantly improve lung injury as compared with that of model group, and the lung injury score at 3 days was significantly lower than that of model group (11.8±0.7 vs. 13.5±1.0, P < 0.01). Conclusions The oxidative stress indicators in the lung tissue after PQ poisoning were obviously abnormal, the pathological damage was serious with time dependence. The administration of estrogen can reduce acute lung injury after PQ poisoning by reducing the oxidative stress.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( iPSC-MSCs) on cobalt chloride ( CoCl2 )-induced injuries of PC12 cells and its possible mechanism.METHODS:PC12 cells were exposed to CoCl2 to set up a chemical-induced cellular injury model and were cocultured with iPSC-MSCs.The cell viability was tested by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining.The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analyzed by flow cytometry using JC-1 staining.Immunofluorescence was employed to observe mitochondrial transfer from iPSC-MSCs to PC12 cells.RESULTS: Apoptosis of PC12 cells was in-creased and MMP of PC12 cells was decreased after exposed to CoCl2 at concentration of 400μmol/L for 24 h.Coculture of PC12 cells with iPSC-MSCs reduced the apoptosis and recovered the MMP of the PC12 cells.Tunneling nanotubes were formed between iPSC-MSCs and PC12 cells, through which the iPSC-MSCs transferred the mitochondria to the PC12 cells. CONCLUSION:iPSC-MSCs protect PC12 cells from CoCl2-induced injuries, which may be associated with the mitochon-drial transfer from iPSC-MSCs to PC12 cells.

AIM: To explore the effect and possible mechanism of type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) on the development of chronic renal failure (CRF).METHODS: The patients with chronic renal failure (n=36) in the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2016 to December 2016 were selected, and 32 healthy persons in the same period were enrolled in the study for control.The proportion of ILC2 in the PBMC of CRF patients and healthy controls was detected by flow cytometry, IL-13 concentration in the plasma was measured by ELISA.The isolated PBMCs from the patients and healthy persons were divided into 3 groups (control group, cytokine group, intervention group) and cultured in vitro for 3 days, respespestively, then IL-13 concentration was measured by ELISA.The protein levels of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (p-STAT6) in the PBMC of healthy controls before stimulation and after stimulation for 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The proportion of ILC2 in the PBMC and the plasma IL-13 concentration of CRF patients was higher than that in the healthy controls (P<0.05).In the culture supernatant in vitro, IL-13 concentration in the 3 subgroups of CRF patients (control group, cytokine group, intervention group) were all higher than that in the healthy controls (P<0.05), both the 2 groups showed a trend that the active IL-13 concentration in cytokine group was higher than that in control group, and that in intervention group was lower than that in cytokine group.The protein levels of p-STAT6 in cytokine stimulated-PBMC with a time dependent manner.CONCLUSION: The percentage of ILC2 in the PBMC is elevated in CRF patients.Furthermore, the ILC2 secret large amount of IL-13 to mediate the polarization of Th2 cells to regulate immunity through activating p-STAT6.