Objective To investigate the selection and curative effect of surgical approach for thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 212 patients with thoracolumbar fractures treated surgically from January 1995 to January 2009 to observe the spinal column and the neurological function recovery. Results Anterior surgery was performed in 73 patients and posterior surgery in 139. The patients were followed up for average 23.7 months ( range, 12-52 months). The height of injury vertebral, the Cobb' s angle and the volume of vertebral canal were improved significantly (P <0.01 ). The patients with incomplete paralysis all got nerve function recovery at different extents ( from one grade to three grades). Conclusions Surgical treatment for thoracolumbar fractures can effectively recover the spine structure and promote the nerve function recovery. The surgical approach should be selected based on the fracture type.

Objective Purpose This prospective randomized study was to explore the efficacy of different methods in preventing postoperative air leakage of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) bullectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax.Methods The patients who underwent VATS bullectomy from January 2015 to March 2016 in Beijing Chao Yang Hospital were enrolled,and they were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group.The experimental group applied an absorbable polyglycolic acid(PGA) sleeve combining with an automatic stapler in the bullectomy.The control group resected the bullae using the automatic stapler alone.Covering the staple line with an absorbable polyglycolic acid sheet and pleural abrasion were performed in both groups.The baseline characteristics of the patients,postoperative air leakage,drainage tube removing time,postoperative hospital-stay,and postoperative complication were recorded.Results Finally,123 patients were enrolled in the study,the experimental group and control group were 58 and 65 cases,respectively.There was no operative mortality in either group.Compared with the control group,the postoperative air leakage (0.53 ± 0.99) days,chest tube drainage (2.98 ±1.03) days,postoperative hospital-stay (3.88-± 0.91) days in the experimental group were all significantly shorter.The rate of postoperative complications in the experimental group was(3.4％),of which one patient catched a pulmonary infection,the other one postoperative atelectasis.However,complications were developed in ten patients (15.4％) in the control group,which was significantly higher compared with the experimental group,including pulmonary infection five cases,postoperative atelectasis three cases,pleural effusion two cases.Conclusion The appliance of PGA sleeve in the operation for primary spontaneous pneumothorax could effectively prevent postoperative air leakage,as well as reduce the postoperative drainage tube removing time.Furthermore,the patient could recover more soon from the surgery,and have a shorter hospital-stay.

SELEX is a newly developed biochemical technique,which filter out high specificity and high affinity ligand for the target molecules through the identification of aptamer combined with the target molecules.The specific aptamer was used in a variety of clinical applications,such as diagnosis of the disease,development of new therapeutic drugs and even directly applied to disease treatment.

Objective To investigate the expression of histamine in the cardiac sympathetic fibers from the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion and its coexistence with norepinephrine so as to provide morphological evidence for histamine as a cardiac sympathetic neurotransmitter.Methods Biotinylated dextranamine(BDA) anterograde tracing and immunofluorescence histochemical staining for histamine/norepinephrine were applied.Results After injection of BDA into the superior cervical ganglion,BDA labeled sympathetic fibers in the left and right atria and ventricle were observed.Meanwhile,the tracing fibers proved histamine-like immunoreactive or both histamine and norepinephrine-like immunoreactive.Conclusion Histamine is expressed in the cardiac sympathetic fibers from the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion and coexisted with norepinephrine.

Objective To explore the relationships between the expression of PECAM-1 and the degree of ALI in Paraquat induced lung injury model of rabbits. Method Thirty six adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: 8 mg/kg (Group A), 16 mg/kg (Group B) and 32 mg/kg ( Group C) according to the dose of Paraquat which were infusion into stomach. After poisoned, the animals were monitored for seven days, and then sacrificed. The upper lobe of lung were removed for HE,Masson staining and immunohistochemisty. The ALl score, fibrosis of lung and expression of PECAM-1 were semiquantitative analyzed. Results Each group has 12 animals suffered from poisoning. The survival time of animals in Group C was (6. 47 ± 0. 99 ) days, shorter than (6. 09 + 1.04) days ( P = 0. 031 ) in Group B and (4. 77 + 2. 04) days ( P = 0. 0 07) in Group A. The ALI score were ( 8. 33 ± 1.03) points in Group A, superior to (9. 83 ± 1.17) points ( P = 0. 047 ) in Group B and ( 11.50 + 1.38) points ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) in group C, Group B vs Group C, P=-0.03o The fibrosis degree of lung was (31.09 +2.05)% in Group A,not severe as (34. 37 ±1.62)% (P=0. 002) in Group B and (36. 54 ±0. 44)% (P ＜0. 01 ) in Group C, Group B vs Group C, P = 0. 026. The Pearson correlation analysis showed the expression of PECAM-1 was negative correlated to ALI score (Coe = -0. 732, P =0. 001 ) and fibrosis degree of lung (Coe = -0. 779, P ＜ 0. 001 ) . Conclusions The expressions of PECAM-1 were significantly decreased in New Zealand after Paraquat poisoned, which were dose dependent, correlated to ALI scored and fibrosis degree of lung, so it may play an important role in the development of lung injured induced by Paraquat.

Objective To investigate the related clinical factors and homology of strains in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. Maltophilia) infections in 15 patients with liver transplantation. Methods Fifteen patients with S. Maltophilia infection from September to December 2006 were enrolled and their clinical data were collected. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 antimierobial agents against S. Maltophilia were determined by Etest strips. Antibiogram was carried out by resistance analysis assembly with WHONET 5 software. The genomic DNA of all the isolates was digested with Xbal and subjected to pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results All patients received mechanical ventilation during the treatment and had a history of long-term use of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and quinolones. MICs of 10 antimicrobial agents indicated that S. Maltophilia were susceptible to several antimicrobial agents including compound sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin, but the best active agent against these resistant isolates was minocycline in vitro. The results of all 15 S. Maltophilia antibiograms were accordance with PFGE patterns. All 15 S. Maltophilia isolates were classified as 2 PFGE patterns: 9 for pattern A and 6 for pattern B. Conclusion Mechanical ventilation might be associated with the S. Maltophilia septicemia in patients with liver transplantation.

Cationic lipid nanoparticles possessing favorable biocompatibility and controllable particle size has at-tracted increasing attention in the field of non-viral vectors for delivering nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo.1,2-Dilinoleyloxy-3-dimethylaminopropane(DLinDMA)and its derivatives,one of the most important cationic lipid materials,have been widely studied as the mainly composition of cationic lipid nanoparticels.This paper summa-rized the structure,characteristics and clinical application of DLinDMA nanoparticles.

Objective To detect the location of histamine in peripheral sympathetic nerves of guinea pig. Methods Histidine decarboxylase mRNA was detected using in situ hybridization histochemistry with specific oligonucleotide probe,while histamine and tyrosine hydroxylase were detected using double labeled immunohistochemistry with anti-histamine antibody and anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibody in the superior cervical ganglia of guinea pig. Results The histidine decarboxylase mRNA hybridization signal were detected in both of large and small cells.The TH immunoreactive substance distributed in cytoplasm steadly,but lacked in the nuclei,while the histamine immunoreactive substance distributed in cytoplasm nearby the plasmalemma.After chemical destroy of the guinea pig SCG′s neuron with 6-OHDA,the immunoreactive materials were hardly detected.Conclusion Because the histidine decarboxylase is the only enzyme which catalyzes histidine into histamine,histamine may be synthesized and coexisted with monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the superior cervical ganglia of guinea pig.

Objective To evaluate the effect of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) on survival and neurological function in adult patients with cardiac arrest.Methods The PubMed and Web of Science were searched to collect relevant literature from Jan 1980 to Nov 2015,and two reviewers strictly distinguished the studies,assessed the quality of studies and picked up the valuable data for statistical analysis by using RevMan 5.0.Results A total of 8 studies involving 27 18 patients were included in our review.Of them,462 patients were treated with ECPR and 2 256 patients were cared with CCPR.The meta analysis showed that the survival discharge rate (OR =2.92,95％ CI:2.24-3.81,P ＜ 0.01),long-term survival rate (OR =2.97,95％ CI:2.11-4.19,P＜0.01) and neurological function status (OR=3.50,95％CI:2.36-5.81,P＜ 0.01) of ECPR (n =182) were better than those of CCPR (n =182).In 4 studies,propensity score matching was used to minimize bias and heterogeneity.The meta analysis also showed that the rate of ROSC,survival discharge rate,long-term survival rate and neurological function status in ECPR were superior over CCPR.Conclusions ECPR would be the excellent measures to improve ROSC rate,survival discharge rate,long-term survival rate and neurological outcome in adult victims with cardiac arrest.

Objective To establish an enterovirus 71(EV71) infection model of tree shrew primary renal cells.Methods Tree shrew primary renal cells were obtained by trypsin digestion.After subculture and purification,EV71 virus was used to infect these primary cells.The culture supernatant of these EV71-infected cells was collected for virus titer detection at 1,2,4,6 and 8 days post-infection.The cells were collected for detection of EV71 VP1 protein by Western blot assay.Furthermore,the expression and location of VP1 protein in the infected cells were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay.Vero cells were taken as positive control to evaluate the infectivity of EV71 virus to tree shrew primary renal cells.Results Morphologically,the cultured cells were proved to be majorly consisted of the primary renal cells after subculture and purification.The obtained primary cells were infected by EV71 virus.The virus titer was up to 1.3×106 TCID 50/mL during 48-96 h post-infection,proving that EV71 virus infected and proliferated in the tree shrew primary renal cells.Western blot showed that the viral VP1 protein was detected from infected primary cells at 2 to 8 d post infection.VP1 protein was also observed in the cytoplasm at 2 to 6 d post infection by indirect immunofluorescence.Compared with Vero cells,the infectivity of EV71 virus to tree shrew primary renal cells and its proliferation were confirmed.Conclusions Based on the successful establishment of cell culture of tree shrew primary renal cells,the infectivity to the obtained cells and proliferation of EV71 virus in the cells are confirmed.The model of EV71 virus-infected tree shrew primary renal cells is initially established.