Background Researches have demonstrated that age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with the oxidative stress injury of retina.Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important antioxidant agent.CoQ10 level in blood plasma is a primary index of reflecting the oxidative stress ability of human.However,the study on CoQ10 content in retina has not been seen yet.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to establish a method of detecting CoQ10 content in retina by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods The retinas were isolated from 10 healthy eyes of donors aged 20-28 years.The donor eyes were obtained from National Development and Research Institute,Inc.USA.Isolated retina tissue was prepared into homogenate then lyophilized and deproteinized with methanol.Samples were extracted with heptane prior to the HPLC analysis with the chromatographic conditions as follows:RP-18 column,a mobile phase consisted of methanol-hexane-acetic acid-isopropanol (V/V=55:9:1:1) and 0.42% sodium acetate,ultraviolet rays (UV) detector at 275 nm.Results CoQ10 was effectively isolated from human retina.The limit of detection of CoQ10 was 0.14mg/L.The peak area and concentration of CoQ10 showed a good linear correlation within the concentration range of 0.2-395.00mg/L (R~2＝0.9943).Repeatability study showed that the relative standard deviations for CoQ10 at the concentration of 0.86mg/L,2.59mg/L and 3.45mg/L were 2.7%,0.1% and 3.3%,respectively.The within- and inter-day standard deviations for the analysis of CoQ10 were 1.6% and 3.7%,respectively.The recovery was 101%-113% for the human retina samples.The concentration of CoQ10 in 10 retinas from human donors was 0.51±0.20μg/eye in average.Conclusion A HPLC method for the quantified analysis of CoQ10 in human retina is developed.

BACKGROUND:Col agen suture is made of col agen from animals, and has been widely used because it is absorbable, non-rejection and easy to produce, and convenient in use.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of col agen suture and silk suture in wound healing after oral implant surgery.
METHODS:100 patients undergoing oral implantation were randomly assigned into col agen suture group and silk suture group. A 2-0 circular needle with absorbable col agen sutures and a 4-0 circular needle with non-absorbable silk sutures were employed for tension-free suture in the two groups. After 3, 5, 7 days of oral implantation, suture threads and wound healing were observed. The suture was removed at 14 days, and patients were reviewed at 14 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The wound healing was better in the col agen suture group than the silk suture group at grade I (P<0.05). At 7 days postoperatively, the suture thread was mostly absorbed in the col agen group but not in the silk suture group. In addition, material alba was invisible in the col agen suture group but clear in the silk suture group. These results indicate that the col agen suture is more proper for tension-free suture than the silk suture, which is better matched to the healing time and keeps a better oral environment.

Objective To analyze the imaging findings of osteosarcomatosis, and to explore the value of imaging in the diagnosis of osteosarcomatosis.Methods Clinical data and imaging findings in 15 cases of osteosarcomatosis were reviewed.All of them had conventional X-ray films, 13 cases had CT scanning, 11 cases had ECT scanning, 5 cases had MR scanning, and 4 cases with DSA.Results Eight primary lesions were located in the distal femur, 5 in the proximal tibia, 1 in humerus, and 1 in clavicle.Secondary lesions were scattered in proximal tibia in 8, distal femur in 6, spine in 6, pelvis in 2, and other sites.The primary lesion showed typical X-ray finding of osteosarcoma, but lesions at other position showed mainly high density of osteogenesis in all 15 cases.In 13 cases, CT played an important role in defining the extent of the tumor and soft tissue masses.CT scanning was sensitive in detecting osteosclerotic lesions in the bone marrow.In 5 cases, MRI was useful in delineating the extent of tumor and soft tissues mass, as well as the extent of tumor in bone marrow.ECT had the capacity of showing the radionuclide concentration of tumor focus in the whole body in a single scan in 11 patients.Conclusion Osteosarcomatosis has multiple lesions all over the body.Imaging modalities including X-ray plain film, CT, MRI, and ECT are all important in finding the lesions and in diagnosing osteosarcomatosis.

Objective To compare the predicted efficiency ofmacular hole closure index (MHCI) calculated by 2 different methods for postoperative anatomical outcomes after idiopathic macular hole (MH) surgery.Methods This is a prospective exploratory clinical study.A total of 63 patients (63 eyes) with idiopathic MH,who received vitrectomy,inner limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade,were enrolled in this study.All the patients received optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination at each visit to measure the MHCI using the formula MHCI=(M+N) /BASE,M and N is the distance from outer limiting membrane break points to the beginning points of detached photoreceptor from retinal pigment epithelium of both side of the hole,respectively.BASE is the length of MH base.MHCI1 was measured by built-in caliper of OCT software,MHCI2 was measured by ImageJ software.The minimum macular diameter (MHD) was measured by built-in caliper of OCT software.Based on the OCT images,the anatomical outcomes were classified grade A (bridge-like shape closure),grade B (complete closure) and grade C (poor closure).Grade A and B are considered as good closure,grade C as poor closure.Patients were followed up at 3,6 and 12 months after surgery.The closure grades at last visit were the final outcome.The relationship between MHCI 1,MHCI2 and closure grades was analyzed.And the predicted efficiency of MHD,MHCI1 and MHCI2 for anatomical outcomes after the surgery was studied.Results The mean MHCI1 was 0.68±0.21 (0.30-1.35),MHCI2 was 0.95±0.26 (0.41-1.55),and MHD was (476.24±210.18) μm (127-956 μm).MHCI1 and MHCI2 were both negative correlated with the closure grades (r=-0.665,-0.691;P＜0.001).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis ofMHCI1,MHCI2 and MHD for the prediction of good or poor closure showed that area under the curve (AUC) was 0.928,0.957 and 0.916 respectively,and 0.505,0.67 and 559 μm were set as the lower cut-offvalue.The sensitivity was 96.2％,92.3％ and 90.9％ respectively,and specificity was 81.8％,72.7％ and 76.9％ respectively.Accordingly,the ROC curve analysis for the prediction of grade A or B closure showed that AUC was 0.840,0.847 and 0.653 respectively,and 0.705,0.965 and 364 μm were set as the upper cut-off value.The sensitivity was 80.0％,82.9％,63.4％ respectively and specificity was 75.0％,85.7％,65.9％.Conclusion MHCI1 and MHCI2,measured by built-in caliper of OCT software or ImageJ software,both have good predictive efficiency for the anatomical outcomes of MH surgery.

Objective To study the differences between preschool hearing-impaired children and normal-hearing children in the developmentof logic analogy ability. Methods 90 hearing-impaired and 90 normal-hearing preschool children underwent the Logic Analogy forChildren test. Results There was no significant difference in the scores of Logic Analogy between the genders (P>0.05). The ability of logicanalogy improved with age. The scores of Logic Analogy were significantly higher in normal-hearing children than in hearing-impaired children(P>0.05). Conclusion It is learned that the basic law and main characteristic of the logic analogy ability development in preschool hearing-impaired children.

Objective To observe the clinical and multimodel imaging characteristics ofparacentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM).Methods Retrospective case series study.From January 2014 to August 2018,12 eyes of 12 patients with PAMM diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology,Peking University People's Hospital,were included in this study.There were 9 males and 3 females,with the mean age of 57 years.All patients were referred for sudden impaired vision,with or without paracentral scotoma.The patients underwent BCVA,slit lamp examination,fundus photography,FFA and OCT.Simultaneously,OCT angiography (OCTA) was performed in 10 eyes,visual field was performed in 5 eyes,near infrared fundus photography was performed in 1 eye.Clinical and multimodal imaging findings were reviewed and analyzed.Results Among 12 eyes,there were 5 eyes with BCVA 0.05-≤0.1,4 eyes with BCVA 0.3-0.5,3 eyes with BCVA 0.6-1.0.There were 1 eye with central rentinal artery obstruction (CRAO),7 eyes with branch retinal artery obstruction (BRAO).Among them,BRAO with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in 1 eye,with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in 1 eye,with diabetic retinopathy in 1 eye;old BRAO in 3 eyes;pure BRAO in 1 eye.There were 4 eyes with pure CRVO,including 3 eyes with ischemic CRVO.All eyes demonstrated hyperreflective lesions at the level of the inner nuclear layer and/or outer plexus layer on OCT.En face OCT highlighted the areas with hyperreflectivity corresponding to these lesions.OCTA demonstrated significant deep capillary dropout,abnormal morphology and enlargement of foveal avascular zone.Conclusion Hyperreflective band-like lesions at the level of the inner nuclear layer on OCT and middle retinal perivascular hyperreflectivity on en face scan are characteristic in PAMM.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of the treat-and-extend (TAE) regimen and pro re nata (PRN) regimen of intravitreal conbercept in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) patients.Methods:A non-randomized controlled study was performed.Ninety-one patients (91 eyes) diagnosed with treatment-na?ve PCV from October 2016 to January 2019 at Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled.All the patients received the intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg conbercept.After the initial treatment, the patients were divided into 3+ PRN group and 3+ TAE group according to their willingness.The follow-up time was one year.All the eyes underwent visual acuity test with ETDRS chart, optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), maximum retinal thickness (MRT), pigment epithelium detachment (PED) height, the number and area of polypoidal lesions, the area of retinal hemorrhage and the area of branching vascular network (BVN) were recorded.Treatment interval and injection frequencies during the one-year follow-up were compared between the two groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by Peking University People's Hospital (No.2020PHB250-01). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.Results:One-year after treatment, the BCVA improvement in the 3+ PRN group and 3+ TAE group was 5.0(-2.0, 15.0) and 6.0(-1.0, 14.0) letters, respectively, showing no significant difference ( Z=-0.352, P=0.725). No significant differences were found in CRT, MRT and PED height between the two groups ( Z=-0.145, -0.529, -0.985, all at P>0.05). There was no significant difference in polypoidal lesions number, polypoidal lesions area, the number of eyes with different degrees of polyp regression, BVN area and retinal hemorrhage area between the two groups ( Z=-0.502, -0.300, -0.047, -0.265, -1.243, all at P>0.05). After the one-year follow-up, the mean injection frequency of 3+ PRN group was (7.6±0.9) times, which was lower than (8.4±2.0) times of 3+ TAE group, showing a significant difference ( t=2.432, P=0.019). The mean follow-up frequency was (11.3±1.5) times of 3+ PRN group, which was significantly higher than (10.1±1.7) times of 3+ TAE group ( t=3.403, P=0.001). For the 3+ TAE group, 17.1%(6/35) of patients achieved an extension interval of 12 weeks after the first 3 doses, and 48.5%(17/35) of patients achieved an extension interval of 8 weeks or more, with a mean maximum extension interval of (9.5±2.0) weeks.During the follow-up, 10 patients in 3+ PRN group and 8 patients in 3+ TAE group received photodynamic therapy as a rescue treatment. Conclusions:The 3+ PRN and 3+ TAE regimens of intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with photodynamic therapy as a rescue treatment have similar efficacy in visual and anatomical outcomes for PCV patients.3+ TAE regimen has a higher treatment frequency and fewer follow-up visits.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of Shenlian prescription on acute lung injury induced by particulate matter （PM） exposure in rats and explore the mechanism. MethodFifty male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， Shenlian low-dose group （4.32 g·kg^-1）， Shenlian high-dose group （8.64 g·kg^-1）， and roflumilast group （3.46 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 in each group. Pre-administration with drugs by gavage was performed for one week. On the 8^th and 11^th days， the control group was instilled with normal saline in the trachea and the other groups with PM suspension to establish a rat model of acute lung injury induced by PM exposure. After modeling， drugs were given continuously until the end of the experiment. Forty-eight hours after the last exposure， the lung function of rats was detected. Then the rats were sacrificed and the lung morphological changes and pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining were observed. CD68 expression in lung was detected by immunohistochemistry， and the levels of lung injury markers surfactant protein A （SP-A） and Clara cell protein16 （CC16） in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of interleukin-1α （IL-1α）， IL-6， IL-18， and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） in lung tissue was measured by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with those in the control group， the rats in the model group had decreased lung function and obvious structural damage of lung tissue， PM deposition， and infiltration of CD68 positive cells. The expressions of IL-1α， IL-6， IL-18， and MCP-1 in lung tissue were increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Shenlian prescription low and high doses restored the rats' lung function injury（P<0.05，P<0.01）， improved lung morphological and pathological structure， and reduced PM deposition. Infiltration of CD68 positive cells in lung was not significantly decreased. The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1α， IL -6， IL-18， and MCP-1 in lung were lowered （P<0.01）. ConclusionShenlian prescription could protect the rats' lung injury caused by PM exposure， improve lung morphology， and reduce PM deposition and inflammatory factor expression.

OBJECTIVE: To detect mutations of fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene in two pedigrees affected with Marfan syndrome (MFS). WETHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from MFS patients and their healthy family members for extracting genomic DNA. All of the 65 exons of the FBN1 gene were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. PolyPhen-2 and SIFT was used to predict structural and functional changes in FBN1 protein. RESULTS: Patients from both pedigrees presented ocular and skeletal manifestations suggestive of MFS. Two novel heterozygous mutations of the FBN1 gene, including c.1879C>T (p.R627C) in exon 16 and c.2584T>C (p.C862R) in exon 22, were identified. The same mutations were not found among unaffected members. By bioinformatic analysis, the mutations may affect the structure and function of the FBN1 protein. CONCLUSION The c.1879C>T and c.2584T>C mutations of the FBN1 gene probably account for the disease in the two pedigrees, respectively. Identification of the c.2584T>C has enriched the spectrum of FBN1 gene mutations.
DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Fibrillin-1 ; genetics ; Fibrillins ; Humans ; Marfan Syndrome ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pedigree