Pediatric cancer is one of the leading causes of death in children around the world.Although radiotherapy is an important means of treatment for pediatric cancer,it causes acute or chronic adverse events that may affect patients' survival time and quality of life.As a novel and advanced radiation technique,proton therapy allows for precise dose delivery in target volume,significantly reducing the irradiation to surrounding tissues and organs.Studies have shown that proton therapy is well tolerated in the treatment of pediatric cancer,and it achieves good tumor control;proton therapy is superior to traditional radiotherapy in improving quality of life,protecting intelligence,and reducing the risk of secondary cancer.This article reviews the research advances in the application of proton therapy in the treatment of pediatric cancer.

Objective To study the effect of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in placenta and uterine myometrium of inflammation-induced preterm birth mouse model to investigate the mechanism of preventing inflammation-induced preterm birth by progestogen.Methods Thirty clean CD-1 mice were divided into 6 groups (5 mice in each group) at 15th day of gestation:control group,lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group,17P 1 mg+LPS group,17P 2 mg+ LPS group,MPA 1 mg+LPS group and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + LPS group.Progestogens at different dosage were administered 1 h before LPS and 6 h after LPS administration.After these mice were sacrificed,TNF-α and COX-2 levels in the myometrium and placenta were detected by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.Data were analyzed by ANOVA,and comparisons between groups were adopted LSD method.Results 1.The comparison of relative expression of COX-2 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in myometrium and placenta among groups:(1) Expressions of COX-2 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in myometrium and placenta in the study groups were obviously higher than those of control group (P＜0.05).(2) COX-2 mRNA expression in myometrium of 17P 1 mg+LPS group (11.410±3.931),17P 2 mg+LPS group (8.352±3.209) and MPA 1 mg+LPS group (11.920± 2.905) were obviously lower than that of LPS group (20.540± 4.147) and DMSO+ LPS group (18.620 ± 4.156) (P＜0.05,respectively) ; although TNF-α mRNAexpression had similar trends among these groups,there were no statistical significance (P＞0.05,respectively).(3) COX-2 mRNA expression in placenta of 17P 1 mg+LPS group (10.864±3.777),17P 2 mg+LPS group (7.084±1.667) and MPA 1 mg+LPS group (11.830±3.652) were obviously lower than that of LPS group (18.920±4.106) and DMSO+LPS group (23.820±7.554)(P＜0.05,respectively).(4) TNF-α mRNA expression in placenta in 17P 1 mg+LPS group (14.340±1.618),17P 2 mg+ LPS group (11.488 ± 2.910) and MPA 1 mg+ LPS group (13.040 ± 2.982) were obviously lower than that of LPS group (24.240±7.059) and DMSO+LPS group (23.040±5.896) (P＜0.05,respectively).2.The comparison of protein expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in placenta among groups:(1) The expression of COX-2 protein in placenta of the study groups was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05).(2) There were no differences among the COX-2 protein expression of 17P 1 mg+ LPS group (14 360.92± 1766.01),17P 2 mg+ LPS group (13 340.18±965.35) and MPA 1 mg+LPS group (12 870.81±1521.97)(P＞0.05),while the COX-2 protein expressions of them were significantly lower than that of LPS group (16 426.64 ± 1823.87) and DMSO+LPS group (16 761.23±2388.17)(P＜0.05,respectively).(3) There were no differences among the TNF-α protein expression of 17P 1 mg+LPS group (22 750.96±4656.68),17P 2 mg+LPS group (22766.24± 3500.34) and MPA 1 mg+LPS group (20770.01±3318.48)(P＞0.05),while the TNF-α protein expressions of them were significantly lower than that of LPS group (26204.49±5090.34) and DMSO+LPS group (27346.18±3269.30)(P＜0.05,respectively).Conclusions 17P and MPA might prevent the preterm parturition of inflammation-induced mouse model by inhibiting inflammation cytokines and prostaglandins.

Objective:To investigate the status of vitamin D deficiency in middle aged and elderly patients at an orthopedic department.Methods:The data of 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D]in patients aged over 55 years at an orthopedic department in Beijing Hospital from November 2014 to January 2020 were collected.The differences in serum 25(OH)D status were compared in different gender and age.Results:A total of 3004 subjects were included with 725 males and 2279 females, ranged from 55 to 102 years old with an average of(71.1±9.7)years.The average serum 25(OH)D level was(17.77±9.92)ng/ml, which was diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency status.Serum 25(OH)D levels were(19.66±9.77)μg/L, (18.34±9.78)μg/L, (16.19±9.51)μg/L and (14.74±10.49)μg/L, at different age groups of 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, 85 years and over, respectively, with statistically significant differences( F=29.357, P<0.05). Serum(OH)D levels of patients were severely deficient, deficient, insufficient and sufficient, with their proportion of 21.3%, 44.6%, 23.3% and 10.8%, respectively.The proportion of patients achieving from vitamin D levels severe deficiency to deficiency to insufficient to sufficient were 18.2%, 44.8%, 25.1% and 11.9% in men, and 22.2%, 44.6%, 22.7% and 10.5% in women, respectively. Conclusions:The deficiency of vitamin D is prevalent in elderly patients visiting at orthopedic department.Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D has a decreased trend along with age increasing, showing an increased trend of vitamin D deficiency.Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency are the focus for the intervention.

OBJECTIVE To explore cell death type of lateral line hair cellsinduced by cisplatin in zebrafish. METHODS Zebrafish larva were incubated in 1mM cisplatin solution for 6 hrs to induce about 90%lateral line hair cells loss. Time lapse imaging was used to detect the morphology of cisplatin-incubated hair cells in wildtypezebrafish pre-labelled by live dyes Bodipy TR C5-ceramide and Sytogreen 24. TUNEL assay and In situ anti-active Caspase-3 antibody staining were performed to detect nuclei fragmentation and Caspase-3 activity respectively. RESULTS Compared to control group, hair cells condensationand nuclei fragmentation (P<0.05) were detected in cisplatin-incubated group, and active Caspase-3 activity was also observed after cisplatin addition. CONCLUSION Cisplatinmay induced zebrafish lateral line hair cells loss by Caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Objective To study 3D construction and printing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds by bone defect modeling on Mimics software based on CT data. Methods CT data of jaw bone defect from patients were acquired and the images were segmented using threshold segmentation combined with region growing . The three dimensional model was reconstructed by Boolean operation. The individual 3D digital model was reconstructed with internal structure by combining with computer; preparing poly-lactic acid scaffold in virtue of 3D technology. Results Using the Mimics software, we successfully constructed a 3D digital reconstruction model of bone defect based on CT data. The constructed scaffold model with certain internal form and structure was matched with the bone defect of patients, and the constructed model was exported onto STL standard format, which may be in common use. Conclusion The 3D digital model of bone defect scaffolds may effectively be reconstructed based on the CT data using Mimics software and computer aided design.

The serum TSH levels of 107 infants with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) were > 20 mIU/L after 1-8 check-up, along with FT4, TT4, within low normal range. After given small dosage L-T4, for 4 weeks, blood TSH level obviously descended while FT4, TT4, ascended (all P <0.01). Seven cases of thyroid hypogenesis and 7 strumas were found by ultrasonography. It seems appropriate to use dosage of 3-4 μg·kg·-1·d-1 L-T4 in treating SH.

Positive linear correlation was found between TSH level and detection rate of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). When measured with a cut-off point at 9, 10, 15 and 20 mU/L of TSH, the sensitivity of positive detection rate for CH was 99.77%, 96.80%, 81.25% and 71.88%, respectively. TSH > 9 mU/L seems to be a reasonable cut-off value.

Objective To detect the mutations in ATP2C1 gene of 5 sporadic patients with Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD).Methods Five sporadic patients with HHD collected from the outpatient clinic setting were recruited into this study with informed consent.Blood samples were taken from all patients and 100 unrelated human controls.and DNA was extracted from these samples.Mutation scanning was carried out for ATP2C1 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing.Results The diagnosis of all cases was confirmed by typical clinical manifestation,cutaneous pathology and immunofluorescence pathology.Five novel mutations.including a deletion mutation (2025delG),three missence mutations (L269R,C348R,A651D) and a non-sense mutation (Q259X) were identified in these cases.No mutations were detected in any of the 100 controls.Conclusion Five novel mutations in ATP2C1 gene have been identified for Hailey-Hailey disease.

Immunogenicity for medical devices of animal origin is the key and difficult point during immune safety evaluation for these devices. This paper firstly investigated the effect of collagen sponge of animal origin on mouse splenic lymphocyte transformation and proliferation, and then analyzed the influence factors on the MTT method and CFSE method. The results showed that collagen sponge extract cannot significantly induce transformation and proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocyte in vitro.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Porifera ; chemistry ; Spleen ; cytology

Objective To observe the effect of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) on the megalin defect in type 1 diabetic mice with early kidney disease.Methods 7-8 week-old,baseline body weight and fasting blood glucose matched wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were selected,and randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=6) and WT DM group (n=6).In the same way,male A1AR knock-out C57BL/6J mice were selected as A1AR-/-DM group (n=6).DM model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin.The blood glucose (BG),body weight (BW),kidney weight (KW),24 h proteinuria (24hUP) and albumin creatine ratio (ACR) were measured at 4 weeks.The renal pathological lesion was observed and the expression of megalin in proximal tubules was examined by immunohistochemistry.The expression of caspase-1,IL-18 and A1AR were detected by Western blotting.Results At 4th week,compared with WT control mice,the BG,BW,KW and 24hUP of WT DM mice were increased significantly (n=6,P ＜ 0.01),with the pathological glomerular enlargement,mesangial cell proliferation,extracellular matrix accumulation and renal tubule hypertrophy being observed.Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of megalin,an important multiligand protein receptor on the brush border of proximal tubular epithelial cells in WT DM mice,which was correlated with 24hUP (r=-0.645,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control mice,the expressions of caspase-1,IL-18 and A1AR were significantly increased in WT DM mice (P ＜ 0.05).For A1AR-/-DM mice,more serious pathological lesion and megalin defect,together with increasing of casapase-1 and heavier proteinuria were observed than those in WT DM mice.Conclusion A1AR may play a protective role in megalin expression of diabetic mice with early kidney disease,in which the mechanism may be associated with caspase-1 related pyroptosis pathway.The details need further exploration.