Objective To investigate the feedback of eight-year program students to problem-based learning ( PBL ),and find out the existing problems and solutions.MethodsThe questionnaire survey was made in the eight-year program students.ResultsApplication of PBL could achieve good feedback.It helped to enhance the self-directed learning,expressing ability,accessing resource skill,and team spirit.ConclusionAlthough there are some problems in the practice of PBL,PBL is a good teaching method in eight-year program education.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumors with a high mortality rate attributed to its widespread metastasis.A number of cellular signal transduction pathways involved in multiple genes play an important role in regulating this complex metastatic cascade of pancreatic cancer.NF-kappa B is one of the crucial signaling pathways.Studies has indicated that NF-kappa B could modulate a series of biological events relevant to tumor progress by controlling multiple targeted genes expression,such as cell proliferation,anti-apoptosis,angiogenesis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,inflammation,stress response,etc.Furthermore,it can also up-regulate Hedgehog and MMPs signaling pathways.To help us better understand the potential mechanism and identify more sensitive tumor markers and selective targets,this review will underline the significant roles of NF-kappa B signaling pathway in regulatory network of pancreatic cancer metastasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoids(SSTF)on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia rats.Methods On the basis of establishing hyperlipidemia rat model,blood and liver lipids,lipid metabolic enzyme,and the amount of fecal bile acids were investigated after feeding of fatty emulsion for 30 days.Results Compared to the model group,SSTF significantly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),increased the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT).SSTF also showed the effect on decreasing liver TC,TG and increasing the amount of fecal bile acids.Conclusion SSTF have an effect on decreasing lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia rats,and the possible mechanism is associated to the increase of LCAT activity and fecal bile acids excretion.

Objective To explore the influence of intravenous injection combined with oral of metoprolol tartrate on left ventricular function and adverse cardiovascular events of patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction.Methods84 cases of Patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction treated in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University were selected as the study objects, and were divided into vein group and combination group according to drugs-taking modes, 42 cases in each groups.The vein group were treated with intravenous injection of metoprolol tartrate, and the combination group were treated with intravenous injection combined with oral of metoprolol tartrate.Clinical effect, left ventricular function, BP and HR levels, and incidence of adverse cardiovascular events were observed in the two groups.ResultsThe total effective rate of the combination group was 95.24% significantly higher than that of 80.95% in the vein group(P<0.05).After treatment, LVEF was significantly higher than that before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), which of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the vein group (P<0.05).The levels of LVESD and LVEDD were significantly lower than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), which of the combination group were significantly lower than those in the vein group(P<0.05).After treatment, DBP, SBP and HR were significantly lower than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), which of the combination group were significantly lower than those in the vein group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse cardiovascular disease was 11.90% in the combination group, and it was no significantly different from that of 16.67% in the vein group (P>0.05).ConclusionIntravenous injection combined with oral of metoprolol tartrate can effectively improve left ventricular function of patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction, and reduce incidence of adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective To investigate the effect of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) silenced by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) on the growth of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer,and to explore the value of radioimmunoimaging in monitoring the biotherapy of RNAi.Methods The ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 was infected with lentivirus-mediated HER2-short hairpin (sh) RNA expression vector and scrambled control lentivirus vector,respectively.Both infected cells were inoculated into nude mice to establish two ovarian cancer xenograft models:knock down 1 (KD1) group and normal control (NC) group.The uninfected SKOV-3 xenograft model served as blank control (CON) group.The tumor formation rate,tumor generation time and tumor size at different time points were measured.The expression of HER2 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry.1n Ⅰ-Herceptin was injected before radioimmunoimaging,and the T/B ratios were acquired.One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD)-t test were performed with SPSS 17.0.Results All mice models were constructed successfully (100％,15/15).The average time of tumor generation was (4.583±0.520) d,(4.567±0.284) d and (6.023±0.316) d in CON,NC and KD1 groups,respectively(F=13.946,P＜0.01).The tumor formation time of KD1 group was significantly longer than the other two groups (t=4.557,4.608,both P＜0.01),respectively.On the 28th day after the tumor cell implantation,the tumor size was significantly different among the three groups (F=26.343,P＜0.01).The tumor mass was (0.614±0.135) g,(0.558±0.190) g and (0.120±0.489) g in CON,NC and KD1 groups,respectively (F=225.026,P＜0.01).Both the tumor size (t=7.125,4.759) and tumor mass (t=19.158,16.977) of KD1 group were significantly less than those of CON and NC groups (all P＜0.01),respectively.Immunohistochemical results showed that the HER2 protein expression was inhibited in the KD1 group.The tumor could be visualized clearly on radioimmunoimaging at different time points.The T/B ratio of the KD1 group (0.208-4.427) was significantly lower than those of the other two groups at any intervals (0.576-5.508,0.640-5.695; F=9.197-39.375,all P＜0.05).Conclusions The growth of SKOV-3 could be inhibited remarkably by lentivirus-mediated HER2-siRNA.Radioimmunoimaging with 1nI-Herceptin might positively correlate with the expression of HER2 protein,which might have potential for monitoring the biotherapy of RNAi targeting HER2.

Objective To explore the establishment method of virtual three-dimensional model of the virtual artery and interven-tional devices,and its application value.Methods The virtual models including virtual artery system,catheter,guide wire,stent and coil were established by using the three-dimensional moulding software of 3D Studio MAX R3.The study about interventional preoperative simulation and assistant instruction were run in personal computer.Results ①All the virtual instruments and real in-struments were highly similar shape,the arterial system in the visual display was similar to realistic system.②All arteries branches had own name,could be arbitrarily adjusted curvature,diameter and established the lesion morphology.③The reference value of preoperative simulation results to guide the actual surgery included following aspects:to guide the reasonable shaping of micro-cathe-ter and micro-guide wire tip,to plan the coil and stent deployment location,number and size.④In training and teaching,the preop-erative simulation could assist doctors in learning and remembering the artery branch and establishing the concept of three-dimen-sional space,and enhanceing the intention understanding of surgery.Conclusion The establishment method of virtual model of the virtual artery and interventional devices is reliable.The preoperative simulation results can be used to guide practical operation with relatively high accuracy,and it has an important supporting role for the teaching and training of medical students.

Objective To investigate the change characteristics of the brain neurotransmitters of human with stress events by the Encephaloflucgram technology (ET) at the noninvasive condition. Methods Extract shocking informations with neurotransmitter requlation systems in EEG ( S spectral line) by ET and analyze thechange characteristics of the brain neurotransmitters of human with stress events, the clincial symptons of the patients were evaluated by the post-traumatic stress disorder-check scale (PCL-C). Results ①Compared with expected number,the activity of neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were significantly decreased (4.64 ±2.88,8.45 ±0.42, P＜0. 01 ) and the activity of neurotransmitters such as dopamine( DA ) ( 17.01 ±7.41,7.59±0.55, P＜0. 01),acetylcholine(Ach) (17.01 ±7.41,14.95 ±0.65, P＜0.05) ,norepinephrine (NE ) ( 13.07 ± 4.33,11.82 ± 0.84, P ＜ 0. 05 ) were increased. ②There was a significant difference on GABA ( t =6.902, P ＜ 0. 01 ) between suspect of post-traumatic stress disorder and non-post-traumatic stress disorder. ③In PCL-C scale score, intrusion factor had negative correlation to the activity of GABA ( r = - 0.777, P ＜ 0.01 ), and positive correlation to the activity of DA ( r = 0.360, P ＜ 0.01 ), hyper-arousal factor was positive correlated with the activity of NE ( r=0.221, P＜0.05) ,escaping/numbness factor was negative correlated with the activity ofGlu( r= -0.274, P＜0.05). Conclusion In traumatic stress events GABA,Ach,DA,NE neurotransmitters aresignificantly changed ,and meybe participat stress responses.

Objective To understand the changes in the level of osteocalcin (OC) in patients with type 2 di-abetes mellitus (T2DM) and discuss the correlation between the changes and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG),thyroid globulin (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein (HDL C),low density lipoprotein (LDL C),fasting insulin (FINS),and fasting C peptide (FCP) and so on.Methods 108 cases of T2DM patients were collected from group T2DM and 92 healthy subjects as healthy control group.Fasting venous blood was taken from the subjects and serum levels of OC were detected by chemilumi-nescence.HbA1c,FBG,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,FINS and FCP levels were detected,and Pearson correlation and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between OC and other indicators.Results The level of OC in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant [(14.98 ± 10.16)ng/mL vs.(18.20 ± 6.67)ng/mL,P<0.05].There was a signifi-cant negative correlation between OC and HbA 1c and FBG in T2DM patients (P< 0.01),and a significant positive correlation with HDL C(P< 0.01);Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA 1c was an inde-pendent influence factor of serum OC(P<0.01).Conclusion The level of OC in peripheral blood of T2DM patients was significantly decreased.OC level was closely related to blood glucose and blood lipids,and it had a certain effect on the prevention and evaluation of T2DM.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of invasive fungal infection secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: We observed the clinical features and experimental examination in 91 patients treated in Xiangya Hospital in recent years, of which 48 patients with invasive fungal infection and 41 patients without invasive fungal infection. RESULTS: The invasive fungal infection secondary to SLE mainly occurred in the lungs, nervous system, and urinary system. The fungi were mainly Candida albins and Aspergillus. The rate of invasive fungal infection in SLE patients and the level of CRP and TNF-α in these patients were significantly increased. The occurrence of invasive fungal infection was positively correlated with the prolonged course of disease, long-term use of immunosuppressants and antibiotics, and occurrence of complications, such as hypoproteinemia, leukocytopenia, and so on. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were increased in SLE patients with invasive fungal infection. CONCLUSION The clinical features of SLE patients with invasive fungal infections are long course of disease, long-time use of immunosuppressants or antibiotics, and occurrence of complications, such as hypoproteinemia or leukopenia. The level of CRP and TNF-α can be used as an important reference index for diagnosing invasive fungal infections.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aspergillus ; isolation & purification ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Candida albicans ; isolation & purification ; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; epidemiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; complications ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Young Adult

Objective:To analyze the trend relevant factors leading to death and their patterns over a 10-year period in inpatients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs).Methods:All clinical data about death in inpatients with CTDs were retrospectively reviewed between 2005 and 2014 at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.Results:In the 10-year time period,the overall hospital mortality was 15.689‰.The disease itself accounted for 44.71% of the total causes of death,infection accounted for 42.94%,and comorbidities accounted for 12.35%.The constituent ratio of deaths and the average hospital mortality caused by the disease itself declined gradually year by year,and the constituent ratio of deaths caused by infection and comorbidities increased gradually year by year (P<0.05).In 2013-2014,infection was the leading cause of death,which accounted for 51.06%.The survival time for CTDs inpatients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) was shorter than that of CTDs inpatients without ILD,and even the risk of death was 1.722 times of the latter.The proportion of deaths caused by the disease itself was the highest in systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus,that by infection was the highest in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM),and that by comorbidities was the highest in rheumatoid arthritis.Conclusion:The proportion of deaths and the hospital mortality in CTDs inpatients caused by the disease itself show a declining trend,while the proportion of deaths caused by infection and comorbidities increase.CTDs patients with ILD have shorter survival time and an increase in risk of death.