Objective To study the clinical significance of the gene protein expression of p16,nm23 and PTEN in bile duct carcinoma.Methods The expression of p16,PTEN and nm23 gene protein in tissues of 63 cases of malignant tumors of biliary system(33 cases of bile duct carcinoma,30 cases of carcinoma of gallbladder) and 20 cases of benign bile duct lesion were studied by SP immunohistochemical technique and analyzed together with clinicopathologic data.Results The positive expression of p16,PTEN and nm23 in bile duct carcinoma tissue was low to medium,their expression rate was 36.5%,38.1% and 23.8%,(respectively),and was significantly lower than that of bile duct benign lesions(P

Objective To investigate expressions of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-P38MAPK)in psoriasis vulgaris lesions. Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from lesions of 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normal skin of 30 healthy human controls. An immunohistochemical study and Western-blot analysis were performed to measure protein expressions of p-JNK and p-P38MAPK in these skin specimens. Results As the immunohistochemical study showed, the expressions of p-JNK and p-P38MAPK(expressed as the average optical density [AOD]value for targeted proteins)were significantly higher in psoriasis vulgaris lesions than in normal skin tissues (p-JNK: 0.663 ± 0.016 vs. 0.333 ± 0.009, t = 44.869, P < 0.001; p-P38MAPK: 0.436 ± 0.011 vs. 0.306 ± 0.010, t = 21.913, P < 0.001). Western-blot analysis also showed increased protein expressions of p-JNK and p-P38MAPK in psoriasis vulgaris lesions compared with normal skin tissues (t = 20.477, 165.084, respectively, both P <0.05). Conclusion The activation of JNK and P38MAPK may be involved in the overproliferation of epidermal cells in psoriasis vulgaris lesions.

Objective: To investigate the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among different molecular subtypes of breast cancers using molecular classification with Ki-67 (ER+ PR+ HER2+ Ki-67) or without Ki-67 (ER+ PR+ HER2). Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven cases of invasive breast cancer confirmed by core needle biopsy before NAC were collected from January 2007 to December 2009 and diagnosed at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The cases were classified into different molecular subtypes using molecular classifications with or without Ki-67. Their clinical and pathological response to NAC was evaluated and compared. Results: The different subtypes using both molecular classifications showed significant difference in clinical response(with Ki-67: χ²=22.40, P<0.01; without Ki-67: χ²=9.202, P=0.027)but not pathological(P>0.05) response to NAC. By multivariate analysis, Ki-67 was predictive for a clinical complete response (P=0.041) and clinical overall response (P<0.01); also Ki-67 was the only clinicopathological factor predictive of pathological response(P=0.041). Conclusion The molecular classification with Ki-67 is better to predict breast cancers responsiveness to NAC than the molecular classification without Ki-67.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser combined with a topical emulsion containing Camellia reticulata and Radix Notoginseng in the treatment of melasma. Methods:A total of 80 patients with melasma were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from June 2019 to June 2020, and randomly and equally divided into control group and observation group by using a random number table: 40 patients in the control group were treated with long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser once every 2 weeks for 6 sessions as a course of treatment; another 40 in the observation group were treated with the same laser therapy as the control group and a topical emulsion containing Camellia reticulata and Radix Notoginseng twice a day for 3 months as a course of treatment. Melasma area and severity index (MASI), clinical efficacy, patient satisfaction rate and safety were compared between the 2 groups before and/or after treatment. Results:After 4- and 8-week treatment, there was no significant difference in the MASI score between the observation group (14.57 ± 3.22 points, 10.00 ± 2.94 points, respectively) and control group (14.74 ± 3.11 points, 11.31 ± 3.00 points, respectively; both P>0.05). After 12-week treatment, the MASI score was significantly lower in the observation group (4.80 ± 2.78 points) than in the control group (7.07 ± 3.22 points, t = -3.38, P<0.01). After 3-month treatment, the response rate was significantly higher in the observation group (36 cases, 90%) than in the control group (31 cases, 77.5%; χ2 = 4.58, P < 0.001) ; however, there was no significant difference in the patient satisfaction rate between the observation group (87.5%) and control group (72.5%, χ2 = 7.26, P = 0.06). In addition, no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions was observed between the observation group (5 cases, 12.5%) and control group (7 cases, 17.5%; P > 0.05) . Conclusion:Compared with the long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser alone, the topical emulsion containing Camellia reticulata and Radix Notoginseng in combination with the long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser is more effective for the treatment of melasma, with higher patient satisfaction and less adverse reactions.

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the body's innate immune system. As the first line of defense against pathogens, they need to be transformed into a mature state under the control of various cell signaling molecules and transcription factors to play cytotoxic and immune regulatory roles. Under the interaction of activated receptors and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are activated to perform a direct cell killing effect by secreting perforin and granzyme, or indirectly eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the body by secreting various cytokines, such as type I and type II interferons. These functions of NK cells play a very important role in antiviral and anti-autoimmune diseases, especially in anti-tumor.
Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Interferon-gamma ; Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Cytokines