Event related potential generated and developed in 1990's,which provides an objective and feasible approach to describe mental activities and evaluate cognitive function.It has become a study focus of mentalics,neurology,gerontology and psychology.Event related potential plays an important role in clinically evaluating and identifying various cognitive disorders.This paper summarized clinical application of event related potential P300.

Tumor is a system-biology illness.Treatment of this intractable disease by any single medicine has not been realistic.In this review, we analyze the anti-tumor network of Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-indu-cing Ligand ( TRAIL ) by a system-biology technology and try to providecin individualized treatment strategy for TRAIL based therapy .

JNK is a key protein in the third stages of MAPK pro-tein kinase activation cascade,and is located in the key node of multiple signal transduction network.It plays a pivotal role in the cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and some other important cell biological processes.Therefore it acts as an im-portant factor in regulating the development of some major human diseases,such as cancer.But the functional diversity and com-plexity of three JNK isoforms in different cell types make it diffi-
cult to develop anticancer drugs with JNK as a treatment target. In this review,we summarized the apoptotic signaling network of JNK and the regulation functions of JNK in cell apoptosis and proliferation.We also discuss the different functions of 3 JNK isoforms in human cancer.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest cell surface receptor family, which mediates activities of almost all known cellular response to ligands, including hormones release, neurotransmitters and sensory input.GPCRs can promote development and progression of gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer and other tumors.Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) are another important family of membrane receptors, which can regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival.Overexpression of RTKs has been found in many cancer cells.Therefore, GPCRs and RTKs are equally important in the clinical treatment of cancer therapeutic.However, GPCRs and RTKs are not independent, and they can use common signal transduction.The present study show that crosstalk between GPCRs and RTKs can facilitate migration of lung epithelial cells, increasing survival of nerve cells and promoting tumor occurrence and development.This article mainly focuses on crosstalk between GPCRs and RTKs and their roles in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy.

This study aimed to identify Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species using the ITS2 bar-code, and secure the quality and clinical curative effect of these medicinal materials. DNA was extracted from Inula linariifolia, I. japonica, I. britanica, which are the original species of Inulae Herba and Inulae Flos, together with their closely related species. The ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced bidirectionally. Sequence assembly and generation of consensus sequence were conducted by the CodonCode Aligner. The genetic distances were comput-ed using MEGA 5.0 in accordance with the Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) model, and the phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The results showed that the ITS2 sequences of the various species have stable variable sites. The intraspecific genetic distances among Inulae Herba and Inulae Flos were obviously lower than the interspecific genetic distance among the above two medicinal materials and its adulterants. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequences can clearly differ from Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species. It is concluded that ITS2 sequence can be used as DNA barcode to identify Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species.

Objective To investigate the utility of plasma procalcitonin (PCT) as an early predictor for postoperative complications in patients who underwent elective pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods Clinical data of 87 patients who underwent elective PD in Changhai Hospital from March.1, 2016 to Dec.31, 2016 were collected.The general data, postoperative recovery, serum PCT level and white blood cell (WBC) count before, 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after PD were recorded.ROC curve was drawn and AUC was calculated to determine the cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity.Patients were divided into complication group (n=42) and noncomplication group (n=45) based on the occurrence of post-operative complications, and the comparisons between the two groups were performed.Results There were no significant differences on the age, gender, diabetes, obstructive jaundice, laboratory tests including PCT, operative time, blood loss volume during surgery and tumor type between the two groups, which were comparable.Complication group had longer hospitalization than noncomplication group (24 d vs 15 d,P<0.001), and the differences were statistically significant.In complication group, 18 patients had pancreatic fistula, 13 had peritoneal infection, 7 had gastric empty dysfunction, 8 had bleeding, 2 had bile fistula and 2 had incision infection after PD.The postoperative plasma PCT level in patients with gastric empty dysfunction, bleeding, bile fistula and incision infection was not statistically different from those in noncomplication group (all P>0.05), but the plasma PCT level in patients with pancreatic fistula and peritoneal infection on 3 d and 5 d after PD was significantly higher than those in noncomplication group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).The combination of plasma PCT and WBC on 3 d and 5 d after PD was superior to PCT or WBC alone in predicting pancreatic fistula (sensitivity 88.9%, 72.7%;specificity 68.5%, 78.2%) and abdominal infection (sensitivity 100%, 100%;specificity 45.9%, 44.4%).Conclusions Plasma PCT could predict the occurrence of abdominal infection and pancreatic fistula after PD.The combination of PCT and WBC might be more valuable in predicting abdominal infection and pancreatic fistula.

Background Airway management is crucial in clinical anesthesia.Many complications associated with airway management result from unexpected difficult airway,but predicting a difficult airway is a major challenge.We investigated the efficacy of a new combined model including radiological indicators to predict difficult airway in patients undergoing surgery for cervical spondylosis,a population with a high incidence of difficult airway.Methods We randomly enrolled 303 patients scheduled for elective surgery for cervical spondylosis at Peking University Third Hospital between August 2012 and March 2013.Preoperatively,patients were evaluated for difficult airway according to a clinical index and parameters on lateral cervical radiographs and magnetic resonance images.Difficult airway was defined as Cormack-Lehane grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Logistic regression was used to identify a combined (clinical and radiological) model for difficult airway.A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to describe the effectiveness of prediction.Results We identified three clinical predictive factors using the ROC curve:mouth opening,stemomental distance,and neck mobility.We created a clinical model using three factors:gender,age,and mouth opening,with odds ratios (OR) of 0.370,1.034,and 0.358,respectively.Using the clinical and radiological parameters,we formulated a combined model with five risk factors:gender,mouth opening,atlanto-occipital gap,the angle from the second to sixth cervical vertebraes in the neutral position,and the angle difference of δ (the angle between the laryngeal axis and the epiglottic axis) from the neutral position to extension (OR:0.107,0.355,0.846,1.057,and 0.952,respectively).The sensitivity and specificity of the combined model were 80.0％ and 65.7％,respectively,and the ROC curve confirmed that the combined model was better than any single clinical predictor and the clinical model.Conclusion The efficacy of the combined model including both clinical and radiological indicators was better than any single clinical predictor or the clinical model in patients undergoing elective surgery for cervical spondylosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the changes in the renal function of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) or telbivudine (L-DT) monotherapy.

METHODSThis retrospective analysis involved 101 patients with CHB and liver cirrhosis receiving either ADV or L-DT monotherapy for 52 weeks. Serum creatinine, estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the percentage of patients with eGFR≥90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) at week 52 were compared with the baseline data between the two groups.

RESULTSThe mean changes of CR at week 52 from baseline were +0.05 mg/dl in ADV group and -0.12 mg/dl in L-DT group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.000). No patient was found to have an elevation of creatinine over 0.50 mg/dl. The median change of eGFR at week 52 from baseline differed significantly between ADV and L-DT groups (-4.09 vs+18.32 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2), P=0.000). Ninety-two percent (12/13) of the patients with baseline eGFR<90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) shifted to eGFR ≥90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) after 52 weeks of L-DT treatment, as compared to 38% (3/8) in ADV group. The proportion of patients with eGFR≥90 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) in L-DT group increased from 76.36% (42/55) at baseline to 94.55% (52/55) at week 52, while that in ADV group decreased from 82.61% (38/46) at baseline to 78.26% (36/46). The constituent ratios of eGFR at different levels were similar at baseline (P=0.443) but significantly different at week 52 between the two groups (P=0.015).

CONCLUSIONL-DT treatment is associated with a renoprotective effect in patients with CHB, but the mechanism remains unclear.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Atherosclerosis (As) is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The pathogenesis studies of As have been a hot topic in the field of vascular biology research. The inflammation is known as a major participant in the development process of As. And monocyte-macrophage plays a central role in inflam-mation. In recent years, with the deepening research on inflammatory mechanisms, the As macrophage polarization is attracting researchers' attention. Under different environmental inductions, macrophages develop into M1 and M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages (classical type), which can stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is generally considered as pro-inflammatory subtypes and can facilitate the progress of As. Whereas, M2 macrophages (alternative type), which can inhibit pro-inflammatory factor production, function as anti-inflammatory subtypes and likely to inhibit the progression of As. The mechanisms of As, macrophage polarization in As, and opportunities for herbal medicines will be summarized in this review.

Objective:To screen regulatory genes of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) involved in occurring and malignancy.Methods:The NF1-related gene expression data set (GSE14038) and methylation expression data set (E-GEOD21714) were obtained from the GEO public database. According to their sample sources, 10 cases were classified as normal samples and 48 cases were benign neurofibroma group and 19 cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The gene expression of different samples was analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes, and the data were processed by applying gene annotation (GO), pathway enrichment analysis and protein interaction analysis (PPI) tools.Results:After comparing difference of gene expression and methylation. in the database, compared with normal group, there were 14 genes in the benign neurofibroma group that might be related to the occurrence of neurofibroma, and 105 genes in the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor group that might be related to malignant transformation. The main functions of the differential gene in the benign neurofibromatosis group are positive regulation of DNA dependent/directed transcription, transcription factor binding and mainly located in the spindle microtubules. The main function of the differential gene in the malignant neurofibroma group is regulation of cell proliferation, sequence-specific DNA binding and mainly located in the cell body of neuron. According to pathway enrichment analysis, the differential genes in the benign neurofibroma group were mainly enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, and the differential genes in the malignant neurofibroma group were mainly enriched in axonal guidance. Protein-protein interaction analysis of differential genes showed that the encoded proteins are mainly located in stem cell development, of which PAX3, PTGS2, SNAI2, MBP and NOG are the top 5 related expressed hub genes. Conclusions:PAX3 may be related to the occurrence of neurofibromatosis, while PTGS2, SNAI2, MBP and NOG may be related to the malignant transformation of MPNST.