CpG motifs are unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides,and its core sequences are composed of unmethylated cytosine and unmethylated guanine.CpG motifs can induce the immune response by activating a variety of immune cells against diseases.The changes of CpG structure will increase the biological activities of CpG,and then enhance the therapeutic effect of CpG as the immuno adjuvant and the sensitizer of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment

Objective:To study whether caspase-6 was activated during resveratrol(Res)- induced apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2Z. Methods:The cleavage of pro-caspase-6 was analyzed by Western-blot. TTie changes of caspase-6 mKNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The changes of caspase-6 activity was determined by colorimetric assay. Results: After CNE-2Z cells were treated with 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 200 pmol/L Res for 24 h, respectively, the expression of pro-caspase-6 was decreased with concentration increasing. Caspase-6 active fragment P20(20 kD) appeared at 100 fjtmol/L and was increased at 200 (junol/L.The expression of caspase-6 mR-NA was increased in a concentration-dependent manner ( P

Objective To investigate the level of illness uncertainty among family members of patients in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) and analyze its potential influencing factors based on Mishel′s theory. Methods A sample of 260 family members were recruited from the surgical ICU during the period from September 2014 to June 2015. Illness uncertainty was assessed by the Mishel Uncertainty of Illness Scale-Family Member. General variables questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were also examined to explore the influencing factors. Results The score of illness uncertainty was ( 96.75 ± 13.90 ) points in family member of patients in surgical ICU, at a high level. Multiply liner regression showed that social support (P=0.011), positive coping style (P=0.027) and average family income (P=0.033) were significant influencing factors of illness uncertainty. Conclusions The level of illness uncertainty is high among family members of patients in surgical ICU. There is a need for nurses to provide accessible social support and psychological intervention, help them cope with illness uncertainty positively.

The vectors play an important role in gene therapy by transporting the therapy genes into target tumor cells. At present there are mainly two kinds of gene vectors, including biological and non-biological vectors. Biological vectors, including virus, bacteria and stem cells, have good target activity and can efficiently delivery the genes into target tumor cells, but have potential genetic hazards.However, non-biological vectors, including liposomes and nanoparticles, can be simplely prepared with high genetic safety, but they can not transport the genes efficiently. Therefore, establishing safe and effective malignant glioma gene treatment system and finding gene vectors with good target activity become the research focus.

Objective To observe the application of modified perfusion device pre-flushing method in double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) treatment and nursing care effect on patients with liver failure. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted; 56 patients with liver failure who were consistent with the enrolled standard and admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital fromJune 2014 to December 2016 were the objects of the study and their clinical data were collected. Ten patients involving the results of 17 case times from June 2014 to April 2015 were selected as the control group by using the traditional method of pre-flushing, and 46 patients involving the results of 68 case times from May 2015 to December 2016 were chosen as the observation group by using the modified perfusion device pre-flushing method. Both groups adopted effective nursing care cooperation: such as closely observe the changes of symptoms and signs of patients during the peri-treatment period, strengthen psychological care, maintain pipeline properly, and carry out the preventive management of anticoagulation and potential complications. The changes of symptoms and signs in the patients of two groups were observed, the DPMAS pre-flushing time and single time effective treatment time of the two groups were compared, before and 3 days after DPMAS treatment, the changes of serum total bilirubin (TBil), total bile acid (TBA) and its clearance rate, the changes of electrolytes, liver and kidney functions, blood routine and blood coagulation function were observed and compared between the two groups to evaluate and analyze the therapeutic effect of DPMAS.Results In the two groups, there were 56 patients involving 85 case times of DPMAS treatment all successfully completed, and the patients' symptoms and signs were improved significantly. The pre-flushing time of the observation group was obviously shorter than that in the control group (minutes: 29.5±13.1 vs. 38.9±14.7), and the single effective treatment time was obviously longer than that in the control group (minutes: 6.7±1.1 vs. 3.4±0.9,P < 0.05). After treatment, the TBil, TBA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (ALB) in two groups were decreased significantly compared with those before treatment, the prothrombin time (PT) was markedly prolonged compared with that before treatment (allP < 0.05), and the degrees of improvement in the observation group were more obvious than those of the control group (butP > 0.05), and urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), Na+ and K+ had no significant changes compared with those before treatment (allP > 0.05). The TBil clearance rate [(42.5±15.5)% vs. (32.9±13)%] and TBA clearance rate [(27±8.9)% vs. (17.1±5.8)%] in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (allP < 0.05). There were no adverse events such as electrolyte disturbance, errhysis or bleeding found in the two groups during the treatment. In the study, there were 8 case times with self feeling of skin itching, 8 case times of skin rash, 6 case times of nausea and vomiting, 6 case times of chest tightness, 5 case times of blood pressure dropping phenomena and 4 case times of fever symptoms, and after the symptomatic treatments and nursing intervention, all the above symptoms were relieved or disappeared.Conclusion The modified perfusion device pre-flushing method can effectively elevate the pre-flushing effect and therapeutic effect, it is simple, time-saving, can reduce the economic burden of the patients, thus it is worthy to be used widely in clinic, during the therapeutic process, reasonable and effective nursing measures are practiced, that is the key to guarantee the successful treatment of patients.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic value of embolization in severe hemorrhagic cystitis(HC) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Methods Six patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation developed severe HC with a median onset time of 33 days after transplantation.All these patients had been resistant to conservative managements and received the treatment of selective embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries.Results Eight times of embolizations were performed for 6 patients.The HC was cured in 4 patients and the HC improved in 1 patient,yielding a response rate of 83 %.One patient didn't respond to this measure.For the patients with response,macroscopic hematuria disappeared 7 to 10 days after the treatments and microscopic hematuria vanished 20 to 30 days after the intervention therapy.Both procedures were tolerated well and no severe adverse effects were observed.Conclusions Selective embolization of internal iliac arteries seems to be a safe and effective treatment for severe HC.This measure can be proposed for patients undergoing refractory and persistent severe HC.

Chicken embryo fibroblasts(CEFs)are among the most commonly used cells for the study of interactions between chicken hosts and H5N1 avian influenza virus(AIV).In this study,the expression of eleven housekeeping genes typically used for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR(QPCR)analysis in mammals were compared in CEFs infected with H5N1 AIV to determine the most reliable reference genes in this system.CEFs cultured from 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos were infected with 100 TCID50 of H5N1 AIV and harvested at 3,12,24 and 30 hours post-infection.The expression levels of the eleven reference genes in infected and uninfected CEFs were determined by real-time PCR.Based on expression stability and expression levels,our data suggest that the ribosomal protein L4(RPL4)and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide(YWHAZ)are the best reference genes to use in the study of host cell response to H5N1 AIV infection.However,for the study of replication levels of H5N1 AIV in CEFs,the β-actin gene(ACTB)and the ribosomal protein L4(RPL4)gene are the best references.

BACKGROUND: The regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle after injury relies on the new nucleus formed through muscle satellite cell proliferation. However, there are few reports on the relationship between the skeletal muscle cell proliferation and the vimentin expression.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the skeletal muscle cell proliferation and the vimentin expression, as well as the mechanism underlying the repair of exercise-induced skeletal muscle micro-injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiment was done at the Sports Human Science Experimental Center in Hunan Normal University between December 2007 and September 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 50 male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into a control group and a training group which were subdivided in to four groups at the time points of immediate post-exercise, hour 3, hour 24 and hour 48 post-exercise, with 10 ones in each of the five groups.METHODS: Rats in the training group underwent 3 days of repetitive exhausting eccentric exercise on a treadmill of-16° slope at the speed of 16 m/min. Rats in the control group underwent no running. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rats in the training group was taken for measurement immediate, 3 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post-exercise respectively. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to determine the proliferating coil nuclear antigen (PCNA) A expression and the vimentin expression in medial head of triceps brachii muscle cells in each group at different phases of repair.RESULTS: The skeletal muscle cell showed sequentially-changed proliferation. The proliferation index of the training group was significantly higher than that of the control group immediately post-exercise. At hour 24 post-exercise, it reached the peak. Hour 48 post-exercise saw the decreased proliferation. The expression of vimentin also exhibits a sequential change after exercise. Moreover, its immunoreaction score changed with time in the same direction with the proliferation index, but there is no correlation between the two.CONCLUSION: Three days of repeated exhausting eccentric exercise can induce the sequential changes of skeletal muscle cell proliferation and vimentin expressions. Vimentin expression has some kinds of correlations with skeletal muscle cell proliferation, but it is not the only factor that matters.

Background:Colorectal cancer is one of the commonly seen malignant tumors in digestive system. Most patients with colorectal cancer were diagnosed in advanced stage and the prognosis is poor. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve the overall survival of patient. Currently,molecular markers for diagnosis of colorectal cancer has attracted more and more attention of the investigators. Aims:To investigate the expression and significance of Rab5A in colorectal cancer. Methods:Colorectal cancerous tissue and the paired para-cancer noncancerous tissue of 135 patients who underwent resection for colorectal cancer were collected. Expression of Rab5A mRNA in cancerous tissue,para-cancer noncancerous tissue,colon cancer cell lines HCT116,HT-29,LoVo and SW480 and normal colonic epithelial cell line NCM460 was determined by real-time PCR. Protein expression of Rab5A in cancerous tissue and para-cancer noncancerous tissue of 4 patients was detected by Western blotting. Protein expression of Rab5A in cancerous tissue of 110 patients was detected by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between expression of Rab5A and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Results:Expression of Rab5A mRNA in cancerous tissue was significantly higher than that in para-cancer noncancerous tissue(P=0. 003). Expression of Rab5A mRNA in colon cancer cell lines HCT116, HT-29,LoVo and SW480 was significantly higher than that in normal colonic epithelial cell line NCM460(P﹤0. 05). Protein expression of Rab5A in cancerous tissue was significantly higher than that in para-cancer noncancerous tissue. In 110 cancerous tissues,51(46. 4%)had low expression of Rab5A and 59(53. 6%)had high expression of Rab5A. Protein expression of Rab5A was significantly correlated with tumor size,serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level and TNM stage(P =0. 008;P =0. 002;P =0. 010). 3-year survival rate of patients with high Rab5A expression was significantly lower than that of patients with low Rab5A expression(52. 1% vs. 77. 5%,P ﹤0. 05). Rab5A protein expression,serum CEA level and TNM stage were correlated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer( P =0.009;P =0. 006;P =0. 017)and were independent factors for prognosis(P =0. 026;P =0. 032;P=0. 014). Conclusions:Expression of Rab5A correlates with the malignant behavior of colorectal cancer and its high expression indicates a poor prognosis. Rab5A might be used as a predictor for prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the common pathogens of neonatal bacterial meningitis in the past 5 years,and to evaluate the brain injury in the acute phase through amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG),brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and brain MRI.Methods Sixty children were selected from the past 5 years who were treated in Department of Neonatology,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center in March 2011 to March 2015 as the objects of study.According to the results of etiological culture,the children were divided into streptococcus lactis group (14 cases),escherichia coli group (10 cases),other positive bacteria group (11cases) and culture-negative group (25 cases).The results of aEEG,BAEP and brain MRI of brain injury in the acute phase of these 4 groups were compared.Results Twenty-nine cases of the 60 patients (48.3％) showed positive blood culture,and 14 cases (23.3％) showed positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture.Streptococcus lactics and escherichia coli were found to be the most common pathogens that caused neonatal bacterial meningitis.By evaluating the cerebral function in the acute phase of 57 cases,it was found that aEEG total abnormal rate was 61.4％,escherichia coli group abnormal rate was 80.0％,while moderate to severe damage seemed to be the most remarkable feature.The abnormal rate was of statistical significance between escherichia coli group and culture-negative group (x2 =3.941,P =0.047).Forty-eight cases manifested potential anomaly evoked by brainstem auditory,with the total abnormal rate as 84.2％.A significant increase in the ratio of severe hearing loss was found in children with bacterial meningitis which was caused by escherichia coli and streptococcus agalactiae.The abnormal rate was of statistical significance between escherichia coli group and culture-negative group (x2 =4.399,P =0.036),and hearing damage caused by escherichia coli was more serious than that in other bacteria group.Of these 57 cases,MRI total abnormal rate was 77.2％,with hydrocephalus as the most common complication.Of the 44 abnormal cases,16 cases showed hydrocephalus,6 cases of which were from the escherichia coli group.The second most common complication was subdural effusion.And another 5 cases showed cerebral softening,3 cases of which were from the escherichia coli group.The data suggested that escherichia coli meningitis easily combined hydrocephalus and brain softening.Conclusions The main pathogens of neonatal bacterial meningitis is streptococcus agalactiae and escherichia coli.The brain injury in neonatal bacterial meningitis caused by escherichia coli is more serious than those caused by other pathogens.