The axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a new minimally invasive technique, which has been developed to map and preserve arm lymphatic drainage during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND)and/or sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, thereby minimizing arm lymphedema.

The development of optimal strategies for breast cancer prevention is necessary given the high incidence in China. Several prospective randomized clinical trials have investigated the effects of various pharmacologic agents on the incidence of invasive and noninvasive breast cancer. This review aimed to summarize the different approaches to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Objective To analyze the mechanical mechanism of suburethral slings by measuring the mechanical properties of female pig urethra wall and polypropylene mesh.Methods The uniaxial tension tests of 49 female pig urethra wall strips and 27 polypropylene mesh samples were performed to test the mechanical properties.Results The stress and strain of urethra wall displayed a parabola shape and its elastic modulus was proportional to the square root of stress as well as the strain.The maximum calculated elastic moduli of the urethra wall were 0.806 MPa and 0.818 MPa correspondingly calculated with stress and strain.The elastic modulus of polypropylene mesh was(6.977?1.095) MPa.The ultimate stress of polypropylene mesh was significantly higher than that of the urethra wall,and the ultimate strain of polypropylene mesh was significantly lesser than that of the urethra wall.The calculation results suggested that the suburethral slings treatment of poly-propylene mesh decreased the deformation to 1/3 of the untreated stress urinary incontinence.Conclusion Polypropylene mesh has special mechanical properties that suit suburethral slings and enhance the support to the urethra,and improve the continence.

AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of chlorophyllin (CHL) inhibiting HT29 cells. METHODS: IC 50 value and growth curve of HT29 cells were detected with MTT method. Apoptosis was detected with Wright-Giemsa staining, FCM and DNA electrophoresis. Telomerase was detected by PCR-ELISA, and protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 gene were detected through RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: CHL inhibited the growth of HT29 in a dose-dependent manner. CHL blocked HT29 cells in G 1 phase but did not induce apoptosis. Different concentration of CHL inhibits the expression of telomerase and COX-2 in HT29 cells. CONCLUSION: CHL inhibits the growth of HT29 cells by inhibiting the expression of telomerase and COX-2 and blocking cells in G 1 phase. [

Objective To investigate the situation of admission nursing evaluation on elderly patients of geriatrics departments in several Shanghai comprehensive hospitals, and the results will be the base for designing elderly patient′s comprehensive admission nursing evaluation form. Methods 41 nurse managers of geriatrics department in Shanghai comprehensive hospitals were selected as research object. Self-designed questionnaire included general data, elderly patient admission nursing evaluation content and the importance of each item. Results The effective recovery rate was 97.56%(40/41). 98%(39/40) hospitals considered that elderly patients need to have a comprehensive assessment according to the elderly characteristics, only 18%(7/40) hospitals used the special nursing evaluation form for elderly patients. The score of importance of five dimensions were as follows: geriatric syndromes or problems scored (4.64 ± 0.38), physical function assessment scored (4.60 ± 0.46), physiological function assessment scored (4.53 ± 0.45), mental and psychological assessment scored (4.10 ± 0.57) and social assessment scored (4.07±0.52). The score of importance of 29 items were as follows:fall assessment scored (4.90±0.30), pressure ulcer assessment scored (4.85 ± 0.36), activities of daily living scored (4.75 ± 0.44), urinary incontinence assessment scored (4.70 ± 0.52), pain assessment scored (4.70 ± 0.46). Conclusions It is of great significance to carry on the comprehensive admission nursing evaluation for the elderly patients, which needs to be valued and strengthened.

Objective To investigate the effect of antisense telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced proliferation and cell cycle of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Methods PASMCs were cultured and divided into four groups: control group (cultured in RPMI-1640 culture medium), 5-HT group (cultured in culture medium containing 5-HT), antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) group (cultured in culture medium containing 5-HT and ASODN TERT), and sense oligonucleotide (SODN) group (cultured in culture medium containing 5-HT and SODN TERT). The apoptosis of PASMC was observed by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst staining. Apoptosis and cell cycle was analyzed with flow cytometry. Expression of proliferated cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results Hoechst staining showed that apoptosis in 5-HT group (161?33) was significantly higher than that in control group (63?16, P

Objective To explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?) in the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under anoxia.Methods HIF-1? and TERT mRNA in the PASMCs were examined by RT-PCR with the presence of HIF-1? inducers (CoCl_2,DFX),inhibitor (FAS,CBZ-LLL) and oligodeoxynucleotides,or under anoxia.HIF-1? protein in the PASMCs was determined by Western blotting.Results Expressions of HIF-1? and TERT mRNA significantly up-regulated under anoxia (0.59?0.07,0.60?0.06) compared with that in control group ( 0.11? 0.02,0.1?0.01,P0.05).Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides invalidated CoCl_2-induced increase in TERT mRNA levels (0.45?0.04) compared with CoCl_2 group (0.95?0.08,P

Objective To explore effects of paclitaxel on proliferation and migration of breast cancer Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.Methods The cases were randomly divided into four groups,including control group,paclitaxel low-dose group (0.25 μmol/L),paclitaxel medium-dose group (0.5 μmol/L),and paclitaxel high-dose group (1 μmol/L).The viability of MCF-7 cells was measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.MCF-7 cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry.MCF-7 cell migration was tested with transwell migration assay.The levels of mTOR signalling pathway-related protein were assayed with Western blot.Results Compared to the control group,MCF-7 cell viability was significantly decreased in paclitaxel low,medium and high-dose groups (P ＜ 0.05),and the inhibitory rate was highest at 48 h (P ＜ 0.05).MCF-7 cell migration was significantly inhibited in paclitaxel low,medium and high-dose groups [(98 ± 9.78) vs (86.21 ± 6.58),(53.41 ± 3.16) and (42.00 ± 4.69),P ＜ 0.05].Moreover,compared to the control group,the number of MCF-7 cells at G1 phase was significantly increased in paclitaxel low,medium and high-dose groups [(52.14±6.13)％ vs (67.93 ±8.16)％,(72.32 ±3.67)％ and (78.53 ± 6.28)％,P ＜ 0.01],the number of MCF-7 cells at G2 phase was significantly reduced in paclitaxel low,medium and high-dose group [(13.68 ± 0.85) ％ vs (8.57 ± 1.03) ％,(5.30 ± 0.89) ％ and (3.46 ± 0.78) ％,P ＜0.01].The phosphorylations of 4E binding protein (4EBP1) and mTOR proteins as well as the expressions of cell-cycle protein D1 (Cyclin D1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were significantly inhibited in paclitaxel low,medium and high-dose groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions These results suggested paclitaxel could inhibit proliferation and migration in breast cancer MCF-7 cells,which might be related to mTOR signal pathway.

The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is an intracellular organelle consisting of a continuous network of membranes.In the liver,the ER is highly active in protein modification,lipid metabolism,and xenobiotic detoxification.Maintaining these complicated processes requires elaborate control of the ER lumen environment as well as the ER volume.Increasing evidence suggests that autophagy plays a critical role in regulating the homeostasis of hepatic ER contents and levels of cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes via selective ER-phagy.This review will provide an overview of ER-phagy,summarizing the possible roles of recently identified ER-phagy receptor proteins in regulating the homeostasis of hepatic ER and CYP enzymes as well as outlining the various implications of ER-phagy in ER-related liver diseases.

Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of locally-produced pazufloxacin mesilate sodium chloride injection in the treatment of bacterial infections of respiratory and urinary tract.Methods A multi-center double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out to evaluate efficacy and safety of pazufloxacin mesilate sodium chloride in treatment for acute bacterial infection, as compared to those of levofloxacin hydrochloride and glucose injection as control treatment.A total of 244 patients with acute bacterial infection of respiratory and urinary tract were enrolled in the studies.120 in trial group and 120 in control group, with four withdrawals.Pazufloxacin mesilate and levofloxacin were administered intravenously by drip at a dose of 300 mg and 200 mg, every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days for trial and control groups, respectively.Resuits Overall efficacy of pazufloxacin mesilate was 77.0 percent and 93.5 percent in treatment for acute bacterial infections of respiratory and urinary tract.respectively, and that of levofloxacin was 80.6 percent and 89.6 percent, respectively.Overall bacterial clearance rate WaS 91.5 percent for pazufloxacin mesilate, 89.6 percent for respiratory tract infection and 94.1 percent for urinary tract infection, respectively.and 93.4 percent for levofloxacin, 97.3 percent for respiratory tract infection and 89.7 percent for urinary tract infection, respectively.No significant difference in adverse drug reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05)was found, with 4.88 percent and 7.44 percent for trial and control groups, respectively.Conclusions Pazufloxacin mesilate sodium chloride injection produced locally is a safe and effective antibiotic in treatment for acute infections of respiratory and urinary tract.