Objective To investigate the expression ofpodocalyxin(PCX) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 68 patients with DN were enrolled as DN group.Another 20 healthy person were selected as control group.The patients with DN were divided into three sub-groups:normal albuminuria group(＜ 30 mg/g,group A),microalbuminuria group(≥30 mg/g but ＜ 300 mg/g,group B) and macroalbuminuria group (≥ 300 mg/g,group C).The level of urinary PCX was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The level of urinary PCX,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in DN group was higher than that in control group [(27.44 + 6.87) μ g/L vs.(3.52 +1.13) μ g/L,(154.82 ± 11.54) μ mol/L vs.(82.56 ± 5.71) μ mol/L,(8.79 ± 0.58) mmol/L vs.(4.23 ± 0.34)mmol/L,P ＜0.01].The level of urinary PCX in group A,B,C was (18.04 ±4.12),(23.58 ±5.43),(32.18 ± 6.05) μ g/L,and there was significant difference among three groups (P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was (138.54 + 8.66),(142.16 ± 11.74),(165.13 ± 12.85) μ mol/L and (8.48 ± 0.43),(8.56 ± 0.61),(10.04 + 1.17) mmol/L in group A,B,C,there was no significant difference between group A and group B(P＞ 0.05),but there was significant difference between group A and group C,or between group B and group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high-level expression of urinary PCX is found in DN patients,which maybe play a key role in the early diagnosis and assessment of the progression of DN.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tissues of nasal inverted papilloma (NIP).MethodsThe clinical data of patients with NIP underwent surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed.The TGF-β1 and VEGF expression in NIP tissues and nasal polyps tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method.100 patients with NIP were divided into benign lesions,atypical hyperplasia and malignant group according to result of pathological diagnosis,the nasal polyps was used as the control group.ResultsThe positive expression rate of TGF-β1 and VEGF in the NIP group were 46.0％ and 32.0％,compared with the control group the differences were significant(all P ＜ 0.05 ).In different pathological groups,the results of TGF-β1 and VEGF expression were malignant group ＞ atypical hyperplasia ＞ benign lesions.The positive expression rate of TGF-β1 and VEGF in the NIP group had significantly positive correlation(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionThe TGF-β1 and VEGF expression were closely related to the the occurrence,development and malignant of NIP.TGF-β1 was highly expressed in the NIP tissues,and could increase the expression of VEGF and promote the formation of neovascularization of NIP.

Objective To observe the curative effects of malignant brain swelling after brain injury by using the operations of standard large Craniotomy decompression and removal of necrotic brain tissues. Methods 80 cases of malignant brain swelling after severe brain injury were observed. The standard decompression surgery of large era-niotomy routine were used in 40 cases,while the operations of standard large craniotomy decompression and removal of necrotic brain tissues were used in the other 40 cases. The curative effects of the results after 15 days and six mon-ths were analyzed. Results The incidence of intracranial hypertension (37.5%, 15/40 ) and brain tissue incisional hernia (32.5% ,13/40)of the group using standard large craniotomy decompression and removal of nee-rotic brain tissues treatment was significantly lower than that of simple standard large craniotomy decompression treat-ment group [15.0% (6/40) vs 10.0% (4/40)] after 15 days (P<0.05 ). The prognosis excellent rate ( good + re-sidual) of the group using standard large Craniotomy decompression and removal of necrotic brain tissues treatment was significantly higher (60.0%) than that of simple standard large craniotomy decompression treatment group (40.0%) after six months (P<0.05 ). Conclusion The operations of standard large craniotomy decompression and removal of necrotic brain tissues can effectively reduce the intracranial hypertension of malignant brain swelling after trauma injury,and reduce mortality and morbidity of severe brain injury.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect ofZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on the expressions of glutamate, NR2A and NR2B in hippocampus of diabetic rats with depression;To explore the mechanism of protective effect. Methods Diabetes with depression rat models were established and then were randomly divided into the model group, positive medicine group, high-, medium- and low-doseZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula groups. Normal rats acted as normal group, 16 rats per group. After 28 days of administration, Open-field test was used to detect the behavior of the rats;glutamate content of hippocampus was detected by ELISA;the expressions of NR2A and NR2B in rat hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with normal group, automatic activity times of rats in model group decreased significantly (P<0.01);both glutamate content (P<0.01) and expressions of NR2A, NR2B (P<0.01) increased significantly. Compared with the model group, automatic activity times of rats in positive medicine group and high-doseZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula group significantly increased (P<0.01);glutamate content dropped (P<0.01);expressions of NR2A and NR2B decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionZuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula can improve depressive behavior of diabetic rats with depression, which may be related to the regulation of glutamate content and expressions of NR2A and NR2B in hippocampus.

Objective:To examine the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH)on the NF-κB,IL-6 and PGE2 level in rats with periodontitis.Methods:32 male SD rats(6 weeks old)were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =8),group A(normoxic control),B (normoxic periodontitis),C(CIH)and D(periodontitis +CIH).Periodontitis model was established in the upper second molars by liga-tion technique and high-glucose diet in the rats of group B and D.The rats in the group C and D were subjected to CIH in a cycle of al-ternative nitrogen and oxygen in a closed chamber.The chamber was filled with nadir and zenith ambient oxygen every 1 20 seconds per cycle for 8 hours per day.The rats were sacrificed and the gingival tissues were examined for the detection of IL-6 and PGE2 expression by ELISA,and NF-κB expression by immunohistochemistry.Results:Histology revealed apical migration of junctional epithetlium and crestal alveolar bone resorption in group B and D,and in the above phenomena of group D was the severest.The content of NF-κB,IL-6 and PGE2 in group B,C,D was higher than that in group A(P <0.05),and in group D was the highest(P <0.05).Conclusion:Chro-nic intermittent hypoxia can aggravate the inflammation of periodontitis.

Placental growth factor (PLGF) is isolated and purified from human placental complementary DNA (cDNA) library, and syncytiotrophoblast cells are the main synthesis site. PLGF can bind to tyrosinase receptors located in trophoblast cells and vascular endothelial cells, and regulate trophoblast cell proliferation through autocrine and paracrine regulation of angiogenesis, respectively. PLGF plays an extremely important role in the formation and development of the placenta during pregnancy. The abnormal secretion of PLGF is closely related to the occurrence and progression of pregnancy complications (such as pregnancy complicated with diabetes, hypertension in pregnancy, preeclampsia, etc.). In this paper, the structure, receptor, biological activity of PLGF and its relationship with normal pregnancy and pregnancy complications were reviewed to provide references for clinical guidance and auxiliary diagnosis of pregnancy complications.

Objective:To evaluate the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of osteoarticular infection.Methods:The clinical data of 37 inpatients aged 32-90 year with osteoarticular infection admitted in the Department of Spine Surgery of Qingdao Chest Hospital from January to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 31 cases of spine infection and 6 cases of other joint infection. The tissue samples were obtained from the infected sites through puncture or surgical approach in all patients. The tissue samples were subjected to routine culture of mycobacteria, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, respectively. The gene amplification and mNGS were performed for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA (MTB-DNA). The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the detection rates of pathogen and simple bacterial infection between mNGS and conventional culture. The conventional culture, mNGS and MTB-DNA amplification detection were performed for all samples; with clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic values of 3 methods were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Paired sample t test was used to compare white blood cell(WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein of patients before and after treatment. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The pathogens were detected by mNGS for 42 times: bacteria for 39 times (92.8%), fungi for twice (4.8%) and Kirks body for once (2.4%). Among 37 patients there were 29 cases of pure bacterial infection (78.4%), 2 cases of pure fungi infection (5.4%), 1 case of pure Kirks body infection (2.7%), and 5 cases of mixed infection of two or more pathogens (13.5%). The detection rates of mNGS and conventional culture were 100.0% (37/37) and 67.6% (25/37), respectively ( χ2=13.987, P<0.05). The detection rates of mNGS and conventional culture in 29 patients with pure bacterial infection were 100.0% (29/29) and 69.0% (20/29), respectively ( χ2=16.913, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of conventional culture, mNGS, and MTB-DNA in the diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis infection was 0.958 (95% CI: 0.866-1.000, P<0.05), 1.000 (95% CI: 1.000-1.000, P<0.05) and 0.958 (95% CI: 0.866-1.000, P<0.05). All the 37 patients were treated with anti-infective drugs according to the results of mNGS and conventional culture. Among them, 28 patients received surgical intervention. The patients were followed up until April 30, 2020, 1 patient died. After 3 months of follow-up, the WBC count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were (5.5±1.5)×10 9/L, (41±38)mm/h and (5.0±4.6) mg/L, respectively, which were lower than those before anti-infection treatment [(8.0±2.9)×10 9/L, (79±42)mm/h and(63±52)mg/L] ( t=6.536, 8.302 and 6.373, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The metagenomic next-generation sequencing may have important clinical value in the differential diagnosis of osteoarticular infection.