AIM: To study the effects of huperzine A on the theta-rhythm and long-term potentiation in CA1 pyramidal neurons in adult rat hippocampal slices and to get insight into the cell electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the potentiation of learning and memory by Huperzine A. METHODS: The intracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices related to learning and memory were made to analyze the mechanisms of Hup-A action. RESULTS: Power of frequencies ranged from 4 to 10 Hz was not significantly difference between pre-membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) and post-MPOs in control group, but it was significantly (P

Objective To improve the diagnosis to the cause of pyeloureteric junction(PUJ) obstruction.Methods We carried out intravenous urography(IVU) exam in 22 cases and pyelography exam through percutaneous trans-renal puncture in 6 cases.Among them,15 cases had also received retrograde urography(RGU)exam.Results Among the 23 cases,12 cases were of stenosis,4 cases were of vagrant vessel,3 cases were of fibrous band,2 cases were of high-positioned ureter,1 case was of ureteric valve and 1 case was of viviparous remains texture.The above results were attested by operation.Conclusion IVE,RGU and percutaneous trans-renal puncture pyelography are the most commonly used and most efficient ways to the diagnosis of PUJ obstruction.They can help diagnosis the causes of some PUJ obstruction.

Objective To investigate the expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3),Bcl-2,and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas,and the relationship of those factors with the colorectal clinicopathological features and prognosis of intestinal adenocarcinomas,and explore their roles in invasion,metastasis,and prognosis of a colorectal cancer.Methods The samples were selected from Dongyang City People's Hospital from January 2011 to January 2012,including 50 cases of paraffin-coded colorectal mucosas with chronic inflammation,50 cases of paraffincoded colorectal adenomas,and 100 cases of paraffin-coded colorectal adenocarcinomas (35 cases with metastasis and 65 cases without distant metastasis).Envison two method was used to detect the expressions of STAT3,Bcl-2,and MMP2 in each sample.Results The expressions of STAT3,Bcl-2,and MMP2 in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas were significantly higher than those in colorectal mucosas with chronic inflammation (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of STAT3 and MMP2 in colorectal adenocarcinomas with distant metastasis were significantly higher than that those without distant metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of BCL-2 had no significant difference between colorectal adenocarcinomas with and without distant metastasis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions STAT3,Bcl-2 and MMP2 were associated with occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma.STAT3 was associated with distant metastasis of colorectal carcinoma and might indicate a poor prognosis.STAT3 might be used as a candidate clinical sign for recurrence,metastasis,and poor survival prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Objective To discuss the surgical techniques and efficacy of a new method of breast treatment of hypermastia. Methods From January 2009 to February 2011, a series of 15 patients underwent a new technique for reduction mammaplasty. This technique involved a superomedial pedicle nipple-areolar complex (NAC). Results In our series, the resection weight per breast was (522. 9±218.3) g and the new nipple-to-sternal-notch distance was (21.7± 1.74) cm postoperatively. Mean nipple elevation was 8. 5cm (range, 4-16 cm). There were no hematoma and partial or complete NAC necroses occurred in our series. Minimal wound dehiscence occurred in one case ( 6.7 % ). Thirteen patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months. NAC sensibilities were comparable before and after operation, and good breast shapes were produced in all cases. Conclusion The superomedial pedicle technique provides good results with respect to NAC viability and sensibility, breast contour and last superomedial fullness.

Hydatidiform mole is the most common gestational trophoblastic disease and is characterized by gross trophoblastic hyperplasia resulting from abnormal fertilization of the oocyte. It is of great interest to researchers because of its propensity for local in vasion and spreading. Using cytogenetic and moleculargenetic techniques researchers have performed various studies on hydatidiform mole. There are advances in the understanding of karyotype, DNA ploidy, fertilization types, expression of imprinted genes, thedifferences between genetic classification and pathologic classification, and the correlation to its invasion and spreading.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of medial femoral tubed skin flap combined with penile elongation for repairing long-segment penile defects.Methods From June 2009 to January 2015,13 cases of long-segment penile defects were treated by medial femoral tubed skin flap with pe nile elongation.Results All cases were followed up for 0.5 to 5.0 years.All flaps survived and all patients had the minor scar in donor areas,with good appearance and feeling of penis.The length of pe nis in flaccid state was 6.3±1.6 cm.The length of penis in erection state was 8.5±1.2 cm;The circumference of penis was 5.3±1.9 cm.1.0 cm × 0.7 cm of necrosis at distal parts occurred in one case early after operation,and healed after dressing changes.Two cases had tumid appearance which influenced penile appearance and sexual intercourse.It was improved by local liposuction.No feeling and e rectile dysfunction developed during the following-up.Except 5 cases who did not married,the other married patients and their partners were satisfied or quite satisfied with sexual intercourse activity.Conclusions Medial femoral tubed skin flap combined with penile elongation is a good method for the treatment of long-segment penile defects.The prosthetic penis could have suitable length,good ap pearance,good feeling and erectile function.

Objective To discuss the effect of problem-based learning(PBL)model in Neurological history collection.Methods PBL model was performed in Neurological class during the period of novitiation,and estimated by the students.Results PBL model has more advantages in improving autonomous study motivation,and brings up accurate clinical learning method.Con-clusions Compared with the traditional model,PBL model was more suitable for the development of modern medical medicine.

Ischemic stroke is often triggered under the effect of the basic lesions combined with a variety of incentives in daily life. Its generative mechanism is complicated, and there are more risk factors. Only according to the long-term existence of chronic risk factors, it cannot make appropriate explanation for the acute onset of this disease. At present, there are a few studies on the predisposing factors of stroke, and its related mechanism needs to be further discussed. This article aims to introduce the relationship between the common predisposing factors and ischemic stroke, discusses its possible mechanism, and provides reference for the clinical prevention work of ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue filling is a problem in clinic. It has been proved that ultrasonic wave-treated mature adipocytes cannot be used for cell transplantation.It is hopeful to solve the problem with adipose tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ultrasonic wave on the in vitro culture and proliferation of preadipocytes, and validate the possibility of preadipocyte as seed cell in adipose tissue engineering following ultrasound-assisted liposuction. DESIGN: Controlled observation experiment. SETTING: Department of Plastic Surgery, Rennin Hospital, Wuhan University. MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Medical College of Wuhan University from July 2003 to September 2004. One local 3-month-old hybridized pig was provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Medical College of Wuhan University. After the pig was anesthetized with ketamine, an area of 10 cm×20 cm was labeled on both sides of back respectively, and the tissue in the labeled area was harvested. The tissue on the right side served as experimental group and that on the left side served as control group. METHODS: The tissue of the expedmental group was pretreated for 8 minutes by ultrasonic wave with the energy of 3W/cm2. Under aseptic condition, the skin layer was open, and 100 g subcutaneous adipose tissue was resected from each side and then placed in prepared container containing cold D-hanks solution for later use. The ultrasonic wave-treated porcine preadipocytes of adipose tissue of experimental group were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the number and lipid content of preadipocytes were measured every other 2 days. Results were presented as the mean val ue of the number of cells of three wells. In the control group, pretreatment of ultrasonic wave was omitted. The growth curves of two groups were drawn. Intracellular adipose content was measured by oil red O staining. Absorbance (A) was measured with spectrophotometer (HITACHI G2000), which was regulated at the wavelength of 510 nm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Morphological observation of culture of porcine preadipocytes. ②The growth curves of experimental and control groups. ③3 Change in the lipid content of experimental and control groups.RESULTS: ① Cells in the control group adhered to the wall within 6 to 24 hours, and those in the experimental group basically adhered to the wall after 1 to 2 days, and there were many non-adhesive cells in the exoerimental group. Accumulation of adipose granules in the cells was found in the control group after 4 days and that was found in the experimental group after 6 days. On day 12, the cells in the control group basically differentiated into the cells with single lipid drop or multiple lipid drops, and a small amount of natant mature adipocytes were found, while few cells with lipid drop were found in the experimental group. ②Under the condition of the same amount of cells, the cell doubling time of experimental group was about 72 hours and that of control group was 36 hours. After 9-day culture, the number of cells in the experimental group and control group was 13×104 cells/well and 18×104 cells/well, respectively. The rate of cell proliferation of experimental group was very slow. ③Lipid of the experimental group appeared on the 6th day after culture, and that of the control group appeared on the 4th day after culture. The peak value of A was 0.32 and 0.68 in e penmental group and control group respectively.CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic wave has obviously inhibitory effect on the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes.The preadipocytes treated by ultrasonic wave are not suitable as seed cells.

Objective To improve the animal model of hypertrophic scars for studying their pathology. Methods Twenty nude mice were divided randomly into two groups of 10. In group one every mouse received a full thickness piece of human skin grafted into the subcutaneous tissue of their hack. After the graft had survived 14d after transplantation, a burn was caused on the graft with a heated copper cylinder. The mice in the second group received the transplant but no burn. The status of the grafts and scars was observed, and histological examinations of the grafts were performed. Results Nine mice in group one survived, of which eight developed obvious and persistent hyper-trophic scars after the burns. These were hard and rose above the surrounding skin. Eight nude mice survived in group two, of which only six developed hypertrophic sear analogues after transplantation. Histological examinations showed abundant collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltration in all sears. Conclusion The similarity, repeat-ability, certainty, and survival rate of this improved hypertrophic scar model are superior to those reported previously. This improved animal model can induce obvious and persistent scarring that can be used to observe the whole proce-dure of hypertrophic scarring, so it is a useful tool for studying hypertrophic scars.