Crohn's disease(CD) is a lifelong disease and the precise aetiology is still unknown.Differences in the definitions and diagnosis between clinicians make direct influence on therapeutic efficacy on CD.This article overviewed the progresses on the definitions such as staging,relapse,and diagnosis of Crohn's disease in these years in order to decrease the mistakes and be helpful to institute sensible and effective therapeutic regimen.

TNF-?,a pleiotropic cytokine with strong proinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties is known to play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The biological effects of TNF-? are elicited by binding to its two cognate recepters,TNFR1 and TNFR2.For a long time,TNF-R1 was considered to be the predominant mediator of TNF-signaling,whereas TNF-R2 was ascribed only auxilliary function.However,there is increasing clinical and experimental evidence for an important independent role of TNF-?/TNFR2 signaling in chronic inflammatory conditions of IBD.The elucidation of the different effects of TNF-signaling in IBD will lead to a better understanding ot the pathogenesis of these diseases and will be the basis for the development of more specific and more efficient therapeutic approaches.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of CT-guided interstitial implantation of ~(125)I seeds for the treatment of pulmonary carcinoma. Methods A total of 18 patients with pulmonary carcinoma underwent CT-guided interstitial implantation of ~(125)I seeds. According to the size of tumor,effective dose, and optimal quantity of ~(125)I seeds to the patient that were computed by a developed algorithm in Treatment Planning System (TPS), the ~(125)I seeds were implanted into the tumor tissues under the guidance of spiral CT. The patients were reexamined by CT 2 months after the operation and were followed up for 6 months. Results A total of 812 seeds were implanted into the 18 lesions in the 18 cases (45.1 seeds per case in average). The CT scan performed 2 months after the operation showed CR in 7 cases, PR in 10, and NC in 1. The total effectiveness (CR+PR) rate was 94% (17/18). Conclusions CT-guided interstitial implantation of ~(125)I seeds is a effective, minimally invasive, and low toxic method for valid and minimally traumatic treatment for middle- and late-stage lung cancer. Further application and long-term observation are necessary.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tiao Shen Ding Zhi (mind-regulating) needling method in treating anxious neurosis. Method Fifty-eight patients with anxious neurosis were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 29 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by Tiao Shen Ding Zhi needling method, while the control group was by conventional needling. The total effective rates of the two groups were observed. Result The total effective rate was 96.5% (28/29) in the treatment group versus 82.8% (24/29) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Tiao Shen Ding Zhi needling method can produce a higher total effective rate than conventional acupuncture in treating anxious neurosis.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of skin needling plus flash cupping for hemifacial spasm. Method Forty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 20 in each group. For both groups, the following acupoints were selected: Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Yifeng (TE17), Xiaguan (ST7), Cuanzhu (BL2), Yangbai (GB14), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Quanliao (SI18), Jiache (ST6), Dicang (ST4), Hegu (LI4), and Waiguan (TE5). Skin needling plus flash cupping was used for the treatment group, while even reducing-reinforcing needling method was used for the control group. Seven-day treatments were considered as a treatment course, and the therapeutic efficacy was analyzed after 3 courses. Result The cure rate was 65.0%in the treatment group versus 45.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Skin needling plus flash cupping can produce a significant efficacy in treating hemifacial spasm, better than ordinary needling method.

Toutianliang manipulation is the most representative compound needling technique of traditional reinforcing and reducing and has the remarkable efficacy on heat syndrome with muscle and bone involved for example. Professor ZHANG Jin is one of the famous acupuncture master in China and has contributed his lifelong to the research of acupuncture manipulation techniques. He has summarized 24 single-type manipulations and has given the comprehensive explanation of the manipulations for meridian conduction, reinforcing or reducing techniques for the excess or deficiency. In the paper, Toutianliang manipulation was introduced briefly and the key operation steps had been discussed.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; methods ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans

White spot syndrome virus(WSSV), Taura syndrome virus(TSV)and Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus(IHHNV)are three shrimp viruses responsible for major pandemics affecting the shrimp farming industry. Shrimps samples were collected from 12 farms in Zhejiang province, China, in 2008 and analyzed by PCR to determine the prevalence of these viruses. From the 12 sampling locations, 8 farms were positive for WSSV, 8 for IHHNV and 6 for both WSSV and IHHNV. An average percentage of 57.4% of shrimp individuals were infected with WSSV, while 49.2% were infected with IHHNV. A high prevalence of co-infection with WSSV and IHHNV among samples was detected from the following samples: Bingjiang(93.3%), liuao(66.7%), Jianshan(46.7%)and Xianxiang(46.7%). No samples exhibited evidence of infection with TSV in collected samples. This study provides comprehensive information of the prevalence of three shrimp viruses in Zhejiang and may be helpful for disease prevention control in this region.

Objective To explore the influence on the JNK signal transduction pathway by BaiHui-QuBin Scalp-acupuncture in rats of experimental acute intercerebral hemorrhage. Methods 192 healthy Wistar male rats were assigned into 3groups randomly:model group, model add pinprick group (to abbreviate:pinprick group), model add suppressor group(to abbreviate:suppressor group) ,containing 60 rats in each. All rats were induced be the intercerebral hemorrage model. Another 12 rats were assigned as the matched blank group. The pinprick group were acupunctured on the "Baihui" penetrating "Qubin". The influence surrounding the hamatoma of the proteinum expression of p-JNK of each group in deferent time phase point with the method of Western blot was observed. Results The results of expression of the proteinum p-JNK with the method of Western blot: all the rats after being made model appeared the phenomenon of the expression of p-JNK of rat's brain tissue surrounding the hematoma and increased to the peak in 2 days,but decreased gradually in 7days. In the same time phase point,compared with the model group,the expression of p-JNK of the pinprick group and the suppressor group were lower obviously (P ＜ 0.01). The pinprick group compared with the suppressor group, the expression of p-JNK showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The therapy of BaiHui-QuBin Scalp-acupuncture could block the JNK signal tranaduction pathway, inhibit the expression of the proteinum p-JNK and so on have the function of protecting the nerve cell and inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective To study abnormal defecation in patients with posterior vaginal prolapse combined with anorectal manometry. Methods From Jan. 2008 to Nov. 2009, clinical documents and examination of anorectal manometry of 40 patients with posterior vaginal prolapse were studied retrospectively. Anal physiologic testing was performed for 40 patients. These patients were classified into group A ( stage 0 and [posterior vaginal prolapse, represented normal) and group B ( stage Ⅱ - Ⅳ ).Results of anorectal manometry, constipation and symptoms of defecation were compared. Results The average anal canal resting pressure and squeeze pressure of 40 patients were (40 ±21 ) and (96 ±33) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa). In group A, the anal canal resting pressure and squeeze pressure were (37 ±21) and (78 ±43) mm Hg, rectal sensation threshold and rectal maximum volume were (106 ±61 ) and (183 ± 51 ) ml. In group B, the anal canal resting pressure and squeeze pressure were (42 ± 21 ) and (102±30) mm Hg, rectal sensation threshold and rectal maximum volume were (90±44) and (171 ±61) nl.Apart from maximum squeeze pressure ( P = 0. 039 ), the other clinical index did not show statistical difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Rectal sensation threshold, intended volume and maximum capacity of (116 ± 69 ),( 170 ± 90), ( 191 ± 75 ) ml in patients with constipation were higher than (84 ± 31 ), ( 121 ± 37 ), ( 169 ±45) ml in patients without constipation. In addition to maximum capacity (P = 0. 281 ), the other clinical index reached statistical difference between patients with and without constipation (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Patients with defecation symptoms have higher rectal sensation threshold, intended volume and maximum capacity than those of patients without defecation symptoms. Conclusions As gradually increased in the degree of prolapse, resting pressure and squeeze pressure tend to be increased, while the rectal sensation threshold and rectal maximum volume tend to be decreased. Patients with defecation symptoms and constipation have increased the initial feeling of volume and maximum tolerated volume.

Objective To study the proliferation and apoptosis of related proteins in pathological liver tissues of alcohol-induced mice,and establish a model and time-evolution rule of liver cell apoptosis,which can be used to guide the clinical treatment of acute alcoholic liver injury.Methods A total of 30 male KM mice were fed in a clean grade animal room at the Capital Medical University and then randomly (random number) separated into two groups.The 10 mice in the normal group were fed without ethanol,while the other 20 mice in the experimental group were given a one-time grant of 50％ ethanol (12 mL/kg) by gavage.The mice in the experimental group were killed at two time points,6 h for 10 mice and 12 h for the other 10,after the intragastric administration.Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of liver in mice.The concentrations of T-ERK,p-ERK,PKC,p-PKC and caspase-3 were determined by the Western-blot method.The data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) method using statistical software SPSS 11.5 and criterion P ＜ 0.05 is chosen to determine differences that are statistically significant.Results By observing the behavioral changes and morphological indexes of mice,we confirmed the success of the model for acute alcoholic liver injury.During the process of re-building the model,no mice died.The mice in the experimental group appeared in drunken states,such as sleepiness and slowness of movement.Compared to the normal group,the experimental subgroup at the 6 h point showed no difference statistical significant; while the experimental subgroup at the 12 h point showed obvious histological changes in tissues,including the disorder of hepatic lobule structure and fatty vacuolization of hepatocytes.At the same time,in the experimental subgroup at the 12 h point,both P-ERK and P-PKC significantly decreased [(2.41 ±0.38),(0.97 ±0.25),F=4.82,P＜0.05; (0.16 ±0.00),(0.08 ± 0.01),F =29.63,P ＜ 0.05],but caspase-3 significantly increased [(0.30 ± 0.02),(0.11 ± 0.01),F =34.38,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions In mice after intragastric administration of large doses of alcohol,the hepatic cell apoptosis appeared mainly after 6 h but before 12 h,therefore 6 ～ 12 h might be the time window to inhibit the cell apoptosis of mice' s acute liver injury from alcohol induction.