[Objective]To investigate the effect of rabbit BMSCs with fibrin sealant on accelerating early tendon healing.[Methods]The BMSCs were isolated and amplified.The rabbits were divided into experimental(E) and control(C) groups.The injury model was a sharp complete transection through the midsubstance of the achilles tendon.The experimental group was implanted with composite of BMSCs and fibrin sealant,The control group was operated with only fibrin sealant.Specimens were harvested at 1,3,6,and 12 weeks for analysis,which included evaluation of gross morphology,cell tracing,histological assessment,immunohistochemistry studies,morphometric analysis,and mechanical testing.[Results]The gross morphology of the tendons showed the experimental group had lesser adhesion and better reactiveness than that in the control group.The fibrin had degraded at 3 weeks.Cell tracing showed that the labeled bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells remained viable and presented in the intratendinous region for at least 6 weeks,becoming more diffuse at later timepoints.At 3 weeks,collagen fibers appeared more organized and there were better morphometric nuclear parameters in the treatment group.At 6 and 12 weeks,there were no differences between the groups with regard to morphometric nuclear parameters.Biomechanical testing showed improved modulus in the treatment group as compared with the control group at 3 weeks,but not at subsequent timepoint.[Conclusion]Intratendinous cell therapy with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells following primary tendon repair can improve histological and biomechanical parameters in the early stage of tendon-healing.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) activity and the effects of AMPK activator on cardiac structure and function in the mice with different β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) stimulation patterns . METHODS:Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with AMPK activator ( AICAR, 250 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) or saline, and infused with β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg· kg-1· d-1) for 14 d.The cardiac functions were evalu-ated by echocardiography or hemodynamic method , and the hearts were harvested after infusion cessation immediately or 3 d later.Phosphorylated AMPK ( p-AMPK) was measured by Western blot .RESULTS:Sustained ISO infusion increased p-AMPK level.AICAR did not further increase p-AMPK but attenuated ISO-induced increase in heart weight .Sustained ISO infusion increased cardiac systolic function as indicated by left ventricular fractional shortening ( FS) and maximum rate of pressure rise (+dp/dtmax).The cardiac systolic function was not further increased by AICAR .The cardiac diastolic func-tion as indicated by left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was not different in each group .In contrast, cardiac p-AMPK level was similar between the control mice and the mice with sustained ISO infusion and ceased infusion for 3 d. In this model, AICAR improved the cardiac systolic and diastolic functions , which were impaired by ISO.Moreover, the increased pattern of p-AMPK level was similar with that of heart rate upon ISO stimulation .CONCLUSION: Sustained ISO infusion increases p-AMPK.After ISO infusion cessation for 3 d, p-AMPK is decreased to the basal level .β-AR-in-duced inotropic effects should be avoided to investigate the cardioprotective role of AMPK activation in the β-AR stimulation models.

Objective To study the correlation between the mental health of family members of patients with schizophrenia and their coping style. Methods From December, 2014 to January, 2015, a total of 312 family members of patients with schizophrenia in 5 blocks were included. They were surveyed with self-made questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. The results were compared with the national normal model, and the correlation between SDS, SAS and the coping style was also analyzed. Results Compared with the normal model, the SDS (t=34.39, P<0.001), SAS (t=73.09, P<0.001) scores were higher in schizophrenia families, and they used positive coping style (n=128, 41%) less (t=-16.70, P<0.001), and more often used negative coping style (n=184, 59%) (t=-66.24, P<0.001). The SDS (r=-0.14, P<0.05), SAS (r=-0.15, P=0.01) scores were negatively correlated with positive coping style, the SAS score was positively correlated with negative coping style (r=0.27, P<0.001). Multivariate Lo-gistic regression analysis showed that women were prone to be anxiety and depressed compared with men (P<0.05); the divorcees were prone to be depressed compared with thoses not divorced. Education level and average monthly household income were factors influencing their coping style (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health of family members of patients with schizophrenia is not optimistic, the female family members are more likely to be depressed and anxious than males. People with low education level and poor economic conditions more often use negative coping style, which need to be focused on, and to take appropriate and effective intervention.

Objective To observe the effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide on T cell subsets and Th1/Th2 subsets of spleen deficiency mice, and investigate its immunoregulation mechanism. Methods Forty-eight KM mice were divided into 6 groups:normal group, spleen deficiency group, positive group (lentinan), three dosage groups of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide, 8 mice in each group. The mice were injected corresponding drug intraperitoneally for 10 days. Then mice in each group were detected CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+T cell by flow cytometry. IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were detected by ELISA. Results The high dose of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide could significantly increase the CD4+T lymphocytes percentage in peripheral blood (P<0.05). Medium and high dose of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide could significantly increase CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio (P<0.01) and CD3+T lymphocyte percentage (P <0.01) of spleen deficiency mice. Medium and high dose of grifola frondosa polysaccharide could significantly increase IFN-γ level in serum of spleen deficiency mice (P<0.01), and high dose of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide could decrease IL-4 level in serum of spleen deficiency mice (P<0.01). Conclusion Grifola frondosa polysaccharide can improve the decreased CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio which caused by spleen deficiency, and promote the transformation of Th1 to Th2, thus treating spleen deficiency syndrome.

Objective:To analyze the level and related factors of burden of care,quality of life in family members of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 312 family members of patients with schizophrenia in 5 blocks of Jing'an District,Shanghai,who consented the investigation,were investigated.Burden of care were evaluated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI),and quality of life of the relatives by World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and Chinese Residents SWB abridged (SWBS-CC20).ZBI score equal or higher than 39 indicated a heavy burden of care,while the score less than 39 indicated a low burden of care.Results:Totally 199 cases (63.8％) were in a heavy burden,whose ZBI score was (52.1 ± 10.8),and 113 cases (36.2％) were in a low burden with a mean score of (23.1 ± 10.4).Their WHOQOL-BREF score and SWBS-CC20 score were lower than normal model (Ps ＜ 0.001).The burden was heavy to those whose spouse was involved (β =-7.76).Patient's age was negatively correlated with quality of life (β3 =-0.18).Relationship with the patient,education level and monthly family income were positively correlated with quality of life (β =1.65,1.68,1.66).Conclusion:Those families of patients with schizophrenia,who are aged,low educated,low paid,or whose spouse have been diagnosed with schizophrenia,may have a heavy burden of care,and low quality of life.

Objective In order to explore the mechanizms of thymosin action on hypothalamus. Methods RT-PCR and in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH)were used. Results The expression of prothymosin ?1-mRNA was detected in preoptic area of hy- pothalamus by using RT-PCR technique. The results of ISHH showed that prothymosin ?1-mRNA was expressed in the preoptic mag- nocellular nucleus, suprachiasmatic nuclei and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. In addition, the positive signal of prothymosin ?1- mRNA was also observed both in the microglicyte near the third ventricle and in medium to small sized pyramidal cells in cerebral cor- tex. Conclusion Prothymosin ?1 is produced in preoptic area of the hypothalamus by means of paracrine, which indicates that prothy- mosin ?1 participates in the regulation of hypothalamic function.

Background Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective treatment for AIDS,but it cannot completely eliminate the viral load in the body for the existence of HIV reservoir.Previous studies demonstrated that HIV could be detected in tears of virus load negative AIDS patients who received effective HAART,suggesting that lacrimal gland is another member of HIV reservoirs.Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether lacrimal gland has a molecular basis of HIV infection and the mechanism of lacrimal gland infection of HIV.Methods Fourteen specimens of lacrimal gland were collected during the surgery from 14 patients with lacrimal gland diseases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2013 to December 2015,including 13 non-HIV-infected patients and 1 HIV-infected patient.In 13 non-HIV infected patients,lacrimal glands prolapse was in 12 patients with the normal pathological tissue structure and dacryoadenitis was in 1 patient with the histopathological diagnosis of interstitial lymphoid tissue hyperplasia.The clinical manifestation of HIV-infected patient was dacryoadenitis with the histopathological diagnosis of interstitial lymphoid tissue hyperplasia.The paraffin sections of 12 non-HIV-infected specimens and 1 HIV-infected specimen were prepared,and the expressions of CD4,C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in lacrimal gland specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry and verified in 1 specimen of non-HIV-infected specimen by immunofluorescence technology.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that CD4 was suspiciously positive expression in non-HIV-infected specimens with the strong background staining.CXCR4 was positively expressed in cytoplasm and nuclei of most lacrimal epithelial cells of lacrimal gland epithelial cells in each specimen,and CCR5 was focally expressed in few lacrimal gland epithelial cells in each specimen.In addition,CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 were positively expressed in intercellular scattered lymphocytes on the specimens.Immunofluorescence assay showed that CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 were expressed in the specimens with the red fluorescence,with the linear-and patchy-like distribution mainly in cellular membrane for CD4 or spot-like distribution for CXCR4 and CCR5 in the cytoplasm.Conclusions HIV receptor CD4 and accessory receptor CXCR4,CCR5 are positively expressed in the lacrimal gland epithelial cells,which is the molecular basis of HIV infection and become a potential HIV reservoir preventing HIV eradication.

Molecular pharmacognosy is an emerging interdisciplinary subject with crude drugs as research subjects. Its development provides a new theoretical method and technique for traditional pharmacognosy research, so that the study of crude drugs has reached the level of gene. As traditional Chinese materia medica, Bupleuri Radix has developed molecular pharmacognosy research on the basis of traditional research Methods , and achieved certain Results . This article summarized the research achievements of Bupleuri Radix through molecular pharmacognosy method in recent years, and prospected this field, in order to further provide references for the protection, development and utilization of Bupleuri Radix resources and other TCM resources.

Objective To explore protective effects of panaxtrial saponins (PTS) on cognition and memory of diabetic rats and to reveal its mechanism by which might involve regulating activity of astrocytes. Methods SD rats (n=24) were ran?domly assigned into control, diabetic and PTS-treated groups (n=8 in each group). Rat diabetic model was induced through streptozotocin injection intraperitoneally. Rats in control group were native rats, and rats in PTS-treated group were diabetic rats that were administered with PTS. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored through the experiments. Three months later, state of cognition was examined by methods of water maze. Hippocampal astrocyte morphology were detected by immu?nohistochemistry, and the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampus were revealed by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, diabetic group showed cog?nitive dysfunction, atrophic astrocyte soma, shrinked astrocyte processes, and down-regulation of hippocampal GFAP and GDNF (P<0.05). Compared with diabetic group, PTS-treated group exhibited improved cognition and morphology of hippo?campal astrocyte, and reversed expression of GFAP and GDNF in diabetic hippocampus (P<0.05). Conclusion PTS re?versed astrocytic reactivity as well as expression of GDNF and GFAP in diabetic hippocampus and ameliorated diabetic cog?nitive dysfunction.

Objective To observe the curative effects of long term statins treatment on blood lipid and left ventriclar function of myocardial infarction patients. Methods 70 patients with myocardial infarction were randomly divided into two groups: Statins treatment group (n=37) and control group (n=33). The level of blood lipid, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were mearsured before and 2 years after the treatment. Results The long term applies of statins can bring statistically different (P<0.05) of TC and LDL-C to myocardial infarction patients. LVESD and LVEF were statistically different (P<0.05) before and after statins were used. Conclusion The long term applies of statins can improve the lipidic metabolism and left ventricular function after myocardial infarction.