Objective To analyze the dynamic efficiency of township health centers. Methods Based on the DEA-Malmquist indices model, this paper analyzed the total factor productivity change indices of 281 township health centers in Hunan province with panel data from 2000 to 2008. These include technological change indices, efficiency change indices, pure technical efficiency change indices and scale efficiency change indices. Results A growth trend is identified with all the input/output factors in all the 281 township health centers; the sample health centers are found with a growth in the total factor productivity, efficiency and pure technical efficiency; the center health centers are found with a growth in the total factor productivity, technology, efficiency and pure technical efficiency, with greater technical improvement than efficiency; health centers at large are found with improvement in total factor productivity, efficiency and pure technical efficiency. Conclusion During the study period, sample health centers were characteristic of improved efficiency in terms of all factor productivity; central health centers characteristic of improvement in technology, while health centers at large are characteristic of improved efficiency.

A review of the yearbook World Health Statistics 2009 revealed the basic features of health spending of member states of the World Health Organization. A review of the policies and experiences of government health spending of the international community points the following findings:this health spending is characteristic of social values deciding government health spending, legislature determines the stable mechanism and priority of government health spending local government shoulders main duties of government health spending, policy objectives of government health spending may be dynamic with stronger function of guidance, greater health financing sources of the government can empower government health spending, a government accountability mechanism should be built for better governance of the health system and for a better social medical assurance system.

Literature review, field survey and data analysis were called into play in this paper for systematic analysis of the basic models and performance of government health spending in China. The paper covered features and problems in China's health spendings and analyzed the growth rate and performance appraisal of such spendings. Recommendations for improved government health spendings include such six aspects as forming a consensus for building a new concept on government spendings, building a stable and sustainable health input mechanism for public finance, expanding government health financing capacity for assured health spendings, building a mechanism of balanced interests in health reform, intensifying health governance and government accountability mechanism, as well as reinforcing the supervision and assessment of government health spending.

From the perspective of government health budget management system, health budget decision-making and health budget reform, to make a systematic introduction of government health budget reform’s characteristics, measurement and related experiences in some countries, especially Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) countries, so as to provide references for the improvement of government health budget management in China.

Objective To assess the life quality of patients with chronic hepatitis B after the treatment of lamivudine,to find an ideal way of medical treatment for the chronic hepatitis B.Methods The quality of life of 150 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 50 healthy controls were assessed by the quality of life questionnaire.The laboratory data and marks of questionnaires were compared before and after the using of lamivudine in order to assess its comprehensive curative effect on chronic hepatitis B.Results The marks of SF-36 of chronic hepatitis were significantly different compared with those of control group (P

It described the status quo of the healthcare system in South Korea, and the milestones of the country to achieve universal coverage of social medical insurance. The paper presented in focus the development from multiple social medical insurance funds to a universal social medical insurance system in South Korea, and analyzed those serious setbacks including monopolizing private medical organizations, lack of first-visit and referral system, and excessive percentage of personal payment, as a result of unparallel progress of the reform of medical insurance and that of healthcare system. Authors hope to be inspirational for the ongoing reforms in the social medical insurance system and healthcare system, in an effort to avoid likewise mistakes.

It systematically analyzed the basic framework and key elements of health sector governance,such as,accountability,transparency,participation,integrity and capacity of policy,based on the method of systematic literature review and related theory and practice of governance.It systematically expounded the concepts of each element,the associated policy and managed tools,as well as the authority-responsibility relationship of pluralistic subjects in the governance framework.These five key elements were mutually reinforcing,not only to build the basic framework of the health sector governance,also to determine its policy decision-making pattern,which aimed to identify actual or potential governance problems.Through forming an inclusive and mutually reinforcing governance framework,the coordination among the conflicting or different stakeholders was encouraged by the mode and mechanism which embodied their governing bodies' values.The cooperation and sustainable development way formed to improve the supply of the medical and health services,and the use efficiency of resources.

The United States is one of the pioneers in the world to introduce a heath strategy, making its practice highly significant for other countries. The paper described the four health strategies developed by the US government in succession, including the goals, focused areas and key health indicators of the strategies in different stages. In addition, it analyzed the patterns of evolution and key features of the strategy, offering references for the development and implementation of the "Health China by the Year 2020".

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the cost-effectiveness of two regimens in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis. METHODS:112 cases of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis were divided into Compound biejia ruangan tablet group (group A,n=56) and Anluo huaxian pill group(group B,n=56). Both groups received Entecavir dispersible tablets combined with relevant Chinese patent medicine. The liver fibrosis index and transient elastography of 2 group were detected before and after treatment,TCM symp-tom score and effective rate calculation were conducted to compare the cost-effectiveness of 2 groups. RESULTS:The cost,effec-tive rate and cost-effectiveness ratio of group A were 9 227.10 yuan,74.11% and 12 451;those of group B were 8 202.90 yuan, 69.28%and 11 840;incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 21 205. Group B showed a better cost-effectiveness. Result of sensitiv-ity test was same to that of cost-effectiveness analysis. CONCLUSIONS:The cost-effectiveness of Anluo huaxian pill combined with Entecavir dispersible tables is better than Compound biejia ruangan tablet combined with Entecavir dispersible tables in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis.

Objective:To identify the differences in clinical manifestations between Chinese giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients.Methods:Twelve GCA patients were included during September 2010 to September 2019 in our hospital. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Twenty-four age and sex-matched pure PMR patients were selected as control. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) software. The categorical variables were tested by chi square test, and the continuous variables were expressed by mean and standard deviation ( ± s). The comparison between groups was conducted by t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:In these 12 GCA patients, the onset age was 55-70 (67±7) years old, and male to female ratio was 1∶11. The most common initial symptom of GCA was the same as PMR (7/12, 58%) . Compared with PMR patients, the specific clinical manifestations of GCA patients were scalp pain ( P=0.031), mandibular claudication ( P=0.031) and migraine ( P=0.000). The creatine kinase of GCA (60±27) U/L patients was higher than that in PMR (41±15) patients ( t=1.098, P=0.029). There was no significant difference in other laboratory tests including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein level. Seven of 12 GCA patients were first diagnosed with PMR, then were diagnosed with GCA during follow-up. No obvious differences could be found in clinical manifestations between these 7 patients and 24 pure PMR patients. Through imaging examinations, we found that 9 of the 12 GCA patients had arterial stenosis, 5 had thickened vascular walls, 5 had atherosclerosis, and 2 had rough endometrium. Conclusion:GCA patients and PMR may have similar clinical presentations. The presence of scalp pain, mandibular claudication and migraine during the course of the disease implies that GCA is more likely. Vascular ultrasound, arterial CTA, and positron emission tomograph (PET)/CT play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of GCA.