OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the determination of midazolam in child plasma.METHODS:Plasma level of midazolam in twenty two ICU children with mechanical ventilation was detected by solid-phase extraction-HPLC after treatment with midazolam for 24h.The separation was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column with acetonitrile — 7.56mmol? L-1 ammonium sulfate(gradient elution) as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0mL? min-1,the column temperature was 25℃ and the wavelength of UV detector was 254nm.RESULTS:The calibration curves for midazolam had a good linearity over the range of 0.05～ 25.00mg? L-1(r=0.999 8).The average recovery for midazolam was 99.29%.Both the intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 4%.The limits of quantitation for midazolam was 0.01mg? L-1.CONCLUS-ION:The method is sensitive,accurate,simple and rapid,and applicable for clinical blood drug level monitoring of midazolam.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of plasma level of cefuroxime in experimental dogs. METHODS: 1. 0mL plasma samples were taken from experimental dogs at different time after intravenous injection of cefuroxime sodium 50mg? kg-1. Following pretreatment, the samples were subjected to determination on XDB-C18 chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of CH3CN-1‰ ( NH4) 2SO4 ( 12∶ 88) with a flow rate of 1. 0mL? min-1. The detection wavelength was 273nm and the column temperature was 25℃ . The quantification was performed by external standard method. RESULTS: Good linear relationship was achieved when the detection concentration of cefuroxime was within the range of 0. 5～ 250? g? ml-1( r=0. 999 5) . The average recovery of cefuroxime was 97. 76～ 116. 00% ( RSD

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and clinic antibiotics usage in children′s hospital and provide basis for reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS K-B disk agar diffusion method was adopted to detect drug susceptibility in vitro.Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Among all the pathogenic bacteria the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was 67.1%,the first five predominant species were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonii,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii,accounted for 21%,16%,6.3%,6.0% and 6.0%,respectively.Piperacillin,cefuroxime and cefotaxime showed resemble curves of time-antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens in children′s hospital.Resistance rates of most bacteria against the second and the third generation cephalosporins have increased markedly.Obvious mutiple-antimicrobial resistance exists among antibiotics with resemble structures and antimicrobial mechanisms.The trend of change in antibiotics′ resistance is parallel with that of the drug′s quantity used.Rotative principles may be applied to the usage of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pathogenic organism of sepsis in children with tumor and its drug sensitivity for references of clinical medication.METHODS:The drug sensitivity of hemoculture samples of children with neoplastic hema-tologic disorder was detected by paper disk method.RESULTS:Of the total109pathogenic bacteria isolated from hemoculture samples,60(55.0%)were gram-positive(G + )bacteria,47(43.1%)were gram-negative(G - )bacteria and2(1.8%)were fungi.Vancomycin,teicoplanin and aminoglycosides were more sensitive to G + bacteria,while carbopenems and cefoperazone/sulbactam were more sensitive to G - bacteria.CONCLUSIONS:In treating sepsis in children with tumor,the choice of drugs should be based on the drug sensitivity test,the possibility of G + and G - bacteria infections should be considered in empiric treatment and the possibility of mycotic infection should also be considered after long-term administration of antibacterials.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in the treatment of critical patients at perinatal stage. METHODS:During the treatment process of 4 critical patients at perinatal stage,according to the patients'special pathophysiolog-ic status (such as urea cycle disorder,dyslipidemia,severe infection,can not recover circulating blood volume rapidly,etc.), weighing the order of priority,based on relevant guidelines and literatures,clinical pharmacists provided individual medication ad-vices in respects of drug selection,medication timing,treatment course,drug combination and dosage adjustment,such as using cefuroxime,reduced glutathione,ursodesoxycholic acid,etc.,stopping drugs timely or adjusting antibiotics therapy plan. They al-so provided pharmaceutical care as lab index determination and ADR monitoring. RESULTS:Physicians adopted clinical pharma-cists'advices,and then 4 critical patients were all recovered. CONCLUSIONS:During the treatment course of critical patients at perinatal stage,clinical pharmacists should select safe and effective drugs as much as possible and adjust therapy plan in time ac-cording to clinical symptoms. When the security runs counter to effectiveness,clinical pharmacists should fully weigh the advantag-es and disadvantages and guarantee the maximum safety of pregnant or delivery women and fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC method for the determination of plasma etoposide level in children with leukemia. METHODS: The determination was performed on column Hypersil ODS. The mobile phase was water-methanol (45∶55) and the wavelength for detection was 284nm. RESULTS: The intraday recovery ranged from 93.56 to 96.24% with SD ranged at 1.07%～2.63%, and the inter-day recovery ranged from 92.85% to 94.26% with SD ranged at 3.55%～5.89%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and sensitive, showed a good specificity, and suitable for the determination of etoposide in clinic samples.

OBJECTIVE:To discusses the influencing factors on the safety and efficacy of pediatric drugs.METHODS:The errors in administration of pediatric drugs were analyzed.The drugs under current use in the pediatric pharmacy of our hospital were classified and compared as per quantity,dosage form,specification,medication safety, direction and medicine evaluation. RESULTS: The influencing factors mainly included the subjective factors(wrong drug treatment) and the objective factors (pharmaceutical factors and social factors) .CONCLUSION: To safeguard the efficacy and safety of pediatric drugs, it' s advisable that an evaluation or control system for rational use of pediatric drugs be established with the participation of the society, the hospital and patients.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference information for the adoptation of fast drug dispensing model in hospital pharmacy of China.METHODS:The procedure of fast drug dispensing system(FDDS)was analysed and compared with tradi?tional dispensing system in advantages and disadvantages.RESULTS:FDDS could raise the speed,accuracy of drug dispensing and improve the quality of pharmaceutical service.CONCLUSION:FDDS is suitable for drug dispensing in large-scale hospi?tals.

The fall risk was evaluated with Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (Chinese version) in 426 elderly hypertensive patients (hypertensive group) and 436 elderly people without hypertension (control group) from rural communities in Zhejiang Quzhou areas.The fall risk scores were compared between hypertensive group and control group ; and also between patients with history of falls and those without falls.The results showed that the average score was 8.62 ± 2.15 in hypertensive group and 9.35 ± 1.35 in control group (P ＜ 0.01).The average score was 6.94 ± 1.85 in hypertensive patients with history of falls (n =112) and 9.22 ± 1.42 in without history of falls (n =314) (P ＜0.01).Our study suggests that there is a higher fall risk in elderly hypertensive patients than in elderly people without hypertension; and fall risk assessment with Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (Chinese version) can be used for prediction of fall for the elderly people in rural community.

Objective To explore the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using meta-analysis. Methods Eight comparative studies of the effects of TMS were meta-analyzed. Results The combined studies confirmed a significant difference before and after TMS treatment. Between the experimental and control groups the effect was also highly significant. Conclusion TMS may play an active role in the rehabilitation of motor function for patients with Parkinson's disease.