In order to develop a technique which provides not only a route for continuous intravenous administration of drugs,but easy access for TPN support in unrestrained rats as well,we designed a fluid infusion swivel system with implanting and maintaining venous catheter in the superior vena cava of rats,and administered a long- term intravenous infusion in unrestrained rats. The results showed that the average period for which infusion was carried out was 1 0 days,and the infusion was maintained for up to 3week in some of rats.All animals appeared to tolerate infusion catheter without obvious discomfort and minimal restriction of their motion.Kinking and leakage did not occur anymore.We conclude thatthis technique can be readily utilized and has great potential value for studying problems related to surgical nutrition and metabolism.

To investigate the role of rehabilitation therapy both on nutritional status and intestinal adaptation of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Methods The literatures about rehabilitation therapy for SBS were reviewed. Results Intestinal rehabilitation refers to the process of restoring enteral autonomy, in order to get rid of parenteral nutrition, usually by means of dietary, medical, and surgical treatment. Recent researches showed that medication and the use of specific nutrients and growth factors could stimulate intestinal absorption and might be useful in the medical management of SBS. Conclusion Intestinal rehabilitation is of benefit in the treatment of SBS and would play a greater role in the future.

Objective To review the biologic characteristics and biologic effect of cholecystokinine (CCK) on the central nervous system. Methods The literatures of recent years on research advancement of cholecystokinine as neurotransmitters/peptides in signal transduction, neuron protection and pain management in the central nervous system are reviewed. Results CCK possesses the ability to suppress the convulsant effects of convulsants. CCK8 is able to reduce the neural damage caused and delay the neural aging. CCK antagonists play an important role in human pain transduction. Conclusion CCK has been proven to be one of the richest neurotransmitters/neuropeptides as well as an important signal factor in the brain, and its important biologic effect is being confirmed.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of major immune nutrients and to introduce the progresses of clinical applications about enteral immunonutrition.Methods The related literatures about the effects and clinical applications of enteral immunonutrition were reviewed.Results Infection rate can be reduced and the hospitalization can be shortened as a result of the improved nutritional status and immune competence of patients which can be enhanced by reasonable enteral immune nutrition.Most of the patients suffering from serious diseases can benefit from enteral immunonutrition,such as gastrointestinal cancers,post-transplantation complications,chronic liver disorders,acute pancreatitis and so on.However,as a new nutrition therapy,the clinical use of enteral immunonutrition in critically ill patients is still controversial.Conclusions Enteral immunonutrition plays an important role in the nutritional support of patients with serious diseases,such as gastrointestinal cancers,organ failures.However,much work remains to be done.

The aim of nutritional support is to maintain the metabolic function of cells, organs and the whole body, and also to reduce the total energy consumption, finally promotes the patients to recover. Infectious patients are often in the status of high catabolism and negative nitrogen balance. It is necessary for such patients to receive nutritional support, however, the performance is difficult because of the high catabolism status and disorder of physiological function. What is more, inappropriate performance may lead to even worse outcome. Accordingly, the current clinical researches focus on how to improve the effects of nutritional support in infectious patients. Several aspects on this issue including the time, route, dose, metabolic intervention and immune modulation are discussed.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Methods Literatures in recent years about mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer were reviewed and summarized.Results Peritoneal metastasis related to viability of cancer cells and peritoneal characteristics. Moreover, it is necessary that many adhesive moleculars, protein hydrolase, cell factors and vascular factors involved in peritoneal metastasis.Conclusion Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer was induced by multiple factors together.

Objective To introduce the current studies of the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C) and VEGF-D in lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of gastrointestinal neoplasma.Methods The related literatures in recent 5 years were reviewed.Results The growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D enhance lymphangiogenic metastasis of gastrointestinal neoplasma with the property of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.In gastric adenocarcinoma,VEGF-C mRNA and tissue protein expression correlate with lymphatic invasion,lymph node metastasis,venous invasion and reduced 5-year survival rates.The role of VEGF-C in esophageal squamous cancer and colorectal cancer and VEGF-D in colorectal cancer is not certain,with conflicting reports in the published literatures.Conclusion The VEGF-C,VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 signal pathway may become the ideal target for inhibition of tumor proliferation and metastases,antilymphangiogenesis therapy may be a novel potential strategy in tumor biological therapy.

Objective To investigate the expression of presenilin-2(PS2) and glutathione S transferase ?(GST?) and their role in the prognosis and therapy of infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Methods The expression of PS2 and GST? in tumor tissues from 210 patients with infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma confirmed by pathologic examination and treated with modified radical mastectomy was examined by using LSAB immunohistochemical method. Results The expression rate of PS2 was 49.5%(104/210) and the expression rate of GST? was 48.1%(101/210). The grade of the postoperative 5-year survival rate and 10-year survival rate in four groups of 210 patients, from high to low, was the group 1 (PS2 positive expression/GST? negative expression), the group 2 (PS2 positive expression/GST? positive expression), the group 3 (PS2 negative expression/GST? negative expression) and the group 4 (PS2 negative expression/GST? positive expression). Conclusion The prognosis of the group 1 is the best, the group 2 better, the group 3 good and the group 4 the worst. The results suggest that reasonable use of endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma is necessary.

Objective To investigate the relationship between galectin-3 and tumour metastasis, and the future prospect of galectin-3 in clinic.Methods Related articles were reviewed. Results Galectin-3, a member of the ?-galactoside-binding proteins, is expressed widely in epithelial and immune cells, and interacts with intracellular glycoproteins, cell surface molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. Galectin-3 is involved in various biological phenomena including cell growth, adhesion, differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis, and is associated with invasion and metastasis of tumour. Conclusion Because of the correlation between galectin-3 and tumour invasion and metastasis, galectin-3 may act as the diagnostic marker for tumour metastasis and one of the target proteins for cancer treatment.

Objective To evaluate the application value of MiniFilerTM kit in LCN-STR genotyping in forensic science.Methods Compared the testing results of MiniFilerTM and IdentifilerTM kits in 49 general quantity biological samples and 39 LCN-biological samples,including blood stains,sperm stains,bones,and so on.Meanwhile the sensitivity of these two kits were also compared.Results Full concordance between IdentifilerTM and MiniFilerTM kits was observed in all of 49 general quantity biological samples.For 39 LCN-biological samples,only 22 samples could be genotyped in partial loci and 17 samples negative with the IdentifilerTM kit,while 30 samples could be genotyped in all loci,5 samples in partial loci and 4 samples negative with the MiniFilerTM kit.Therefore,there was a higher success rate for LCN-biological samples typing with MiniFilerTM kit than with IdentifilerTM kit.In addition,the sensitivity of the MiniFilerTMkit was also a little higer than the IdentifilerTMkit.Conclusion The results demonstrated that the MiniFilerTM kit can markedly improve the typing success rate of LCN-biological samples,and is suitable for analyzing difficult biological samples in forensic practice.